A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall where they were and what they were doing during the 9/11 attacks. The emotional intensity of such an event imprints the memory deeply, making it more vivid and enduring than ordinary memories.

These memories are not vivid merely by chance but serve an adaptive function. By preserving critical details of significant events, flashbulb memories enable individuals to reflect on and learn from these experiences over time. This process of reflection and learning is enhanced by the frequent rehearsal of the memory, particularly in the immediate aftermath of the event. For instance, a person who has experienced a life-changing event like the birth of a child or a wedding will often revisit these memories, discussing them with others or reflecting on them. This repeated rehearsal contributes to the memory's clarity and longevity, ensuring it remains vivid for years, if not a lifetime.

Flashbulb memories also play a crucial role in shaping an individual's personal history and identity. By retaining and processing significant life events, these memories contribute to the narrative of one's life, influencing how one perceives one's past and anticipates one's future.