Biz headstage, test teknik yardım için Justin Riceberg kabul etmek istiyorum. Bu çalışma Ulusal Sağlık Hibeler MH65658, MH073689 Enstitüleri, ve F30 AG034003-01A1 ve Mount Sinai Tıp Okulu tarafından kısmen desteklenmiştir.

1. Headstage Tasarımı ve Üretimi Genel Bakış Tamamlanmış bir headstage, ön-amplifikatör sistemi aşağıdaki bileşenlerden oluşur: <ol><li> Bir bilgisayar, kayıt ve stimülasyon iki kanal dört kanal entegre devre kartı tasarlanmıştır. </li><li> Hayvanların baş sahnede uygun konnektörlere kayıtları ve stimülasyon kanalları röle elektrotlar. </li><li> Bir halata kablosu ve arayüz bir slip-ring komütatör kayıt ve stimülasyon kanalları röleleri. </li><li> İki baş sahnede ve entegre devre su yalıtım oluşturur. </li></ol> 2. Headstage Tasarım ve Düzen Biz piyasada satılan bir yazılım CAD paketi (www.expresspcb.com) kullanılarak stimülasyon kanallar aracılığıyla 4 kaynak takipçileri ve 2 pass ile basılı bir entegre devre kartı tasarlanmıştır. Headstage tasarlanmış ve tasarım deseni, düşük bir maliyetle çok headstages sağlamak için devre kartının daha büyük bir levha boyunca döşenir. CAD dosyası, iki kat panoları, çift taraflı baskılı, üst ve alt bakır katmanları ile kaplanmış tüm delikleri kullanarak baskılı devre kartı (PCB) üretim hizmeti iletilir. Kurulları kalay / kurşun endüstri standardı FR-4 laminat karşılık lehim kaplama izleri ve pedler. PCB sipariş ve bir sonraki iş günü sevk edilebilir. Bireysel headstages büyük kiremit PCB safihadan kesilmiş ve elektronik bileşenlerin lehim ile bağlantılıdır. Bu protokolde kullanılan headstage bir örnek düzeni (Şekil 1). Lütfen bir PCB tasarımı hakkında ayrıntılı talimatlar ve ipuçları için üreticinin web sitesine bakın. 3. Elektronik Bileşenler hazırlanması ve Lehimleme Bu protokolde kullanılan tüm elektronik bileşenler, yüzeye monte (SMD) tipi. Ayak izi (direnç, kondansatör, vb) her bir aygıt türü headstage israf alanı en aza indirmek için seçildi, ancak gerekirse daha büyük SMD komponentler kullanılıyor olabilir. <ol><li> Devre kartı bileşenleri organize etmek ve lehim için onları hazırlamak. </li><li> Lehimli ve lehim eritebilir ve pad uyması havyanızla yakın ucu getirmek için lehim kalay / kurşun pad üzerinde küçük bir miktar koyun. </li><li> Sonraki Lehim kapasitörler birinci, dirençler, ve ardından operasyonel amplifikatörler. </li><li> Op-amp Aşırı ısıtma ile yok edilebilir. Biz bir değişken ısı lehim tabancası, lehim eritmek için gerekli en düşük ısı kullanılır. Iyi bir lehim yapmak için kullanılan ısıtma süresini en aza indirmek. Biz, iletişim ya da güç izleri boyunca lehim uygulayarak ayak izi pad akar lehim küçük bir rezervuar oluşturmak için uygun bulundu. </li><li> Dirençler karşısında direnci bir ohmmetre kullanarak beklenen değer uygun olduğunu test edin. </li><li> Hiç lehim bitişik pedleri bağlanması veya köprü olduğunu sağlamak için her ped yakından inceleyin. Bir lehim köprüsü, ısı ve lehim eritmek ve köprü kırmak için bir cımbız kullanın yoksa. </li></ol> 4. İmplant ve Tether Arayüzleri Montaj ve İmalat <ol><li> 23 Ga derialtı boru 9pin ABS soketi mekanik destek için kullanılmayan portların birine yerleştirin. </li><li> ABS soketi kadın Amphenol pimleri bağlamak için yalıtılmış manyetik tel altı 1 cm uzunluğunda parçalar kesin. </li><li> Lehim kadın her noktasındaki küçük bir miktar lehim kullanarak manyetik tel iğne, ve ucundan pin ısıtarak. </li><li> ABS yuvalarına her manyetik tel Lehim diğer ucunu. </li><li> Erkek Pozisyon - kadın MillMax headstage halata tarafında pedleri üzerinde iğne ve PCB üzerinde bir baskı uyum sağlamak için pimleri sıkmak. Sonra sırayla her ped lehim her pin. </li><li> Nöral implant bağlayıcı üzerinden halka somun plastik taban üzerine istenilen yuvaların içine yerleştirin ve tüm kadın pimleri itmek. </li><li> Akrilik yapıştırıcı (tutkal krazy) ABS soket konnektörü üstüne sürün ve headstage tabanına güvenli. Destek için headstage halata tarafına Tutkal 23Ga tüp. </li></ol> 5. Su Yalıtım headstage <ol><li> Headstage için su geçirmez, tüm entegre devre ve 5 dakikalık epoksi ile herhangi bir açık metal yüzeyler örtmek. İlk kurutma için kalıcı kurutma için 5-10 dakika ve 60 dakika bekleyin. </li><li> Kadın pimleri etrafında hayvan sonundan itibaren çıkıntılı yüzey 9 pin ABS soketi Poster Tack macun uygulanmalıdır. </li><li> Maksimum su geçirmezlik, ABS soketi ve ABS fiş evlendirilen ve halka somun sıkılmalıdır. Parafilm küçük bir şerit pin konnektörler temas suyu önlemek için arayüz sarılı olmalıdır. </li></ol> Başarı sırları <ol><li> Işlemsel kuvvetlendirici lehim, plastik ambalaj ısınmasına yok. Eğer oradagörünür yanma veya erime, op-amp çıkarın ve değiştirin. Çok fazla ısı uygulayarak görünür erimeden op-amp zarar verebilir. Lehim sonra bir fonksiyon jeneratörü ile her kanal sınayın. </li><li> Headstage hiçbir sokak bağlantıları veya lehim köprüler olmadığından emin olun. Lehim fitili bileşenleri kaldırmak veya lehim sokak kullanılabilir. </li></ol> 6. Temsilcisi Sonuçlar İyi bir kayıt hareketi sırasında içinde ve dışında kesmeden bir giriş kaynağı sinyalini takip eder. Headstage test etmek için, kullanıcının bir fonksiyon jeneratörü, her kayıt pin için bir giriş olarak kullanmak ve Mill Max başlık çıkış dalga şekilleri değerlendirmek gerekir. Headstage Fiziksel hareket kaydedilen dalga şekilleri şekil etkisi olmamalıdır. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2155/2155fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1" /> Şekil 1. (A) üst katman baskılı devre kartı (PCB) şematik görünümü. Kırmızı çizgiler bakır izleri göstermektedir. Sarı çizgiler elektronik parçalar konumlandırma için isteğe bağlı olarak serigrafi katmanı göstermektedir. Operasyonel amplifikatör yerleştirme (merkez sarı kare), dirençler (küçük sarı kareler) ve kapasitörler (küçük sarı kareler) (B) alt katman PCB şematik görünümü Yeşil çizgiler bakır izlerini göstermektedir gösterilir. Büyük yeşil doldurulmuş alanın zemin plaka temsil eder. Bu şematik bir model dosyasını indirmek için sağlanır.

<ol>
	<li>Morris, R. G., Garrud, P., Rawlins, J. N., O'Keefe, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Place+navigation+impaired+in+rats+with+hippocampal+lesions.">Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions.</a> Nature. 297, 681-683 (1982).</li><li>Rolston, J. D., Gross, R. E., Potter, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+low-cost+multielectrode+system+for+data+acquisition+enabling+real-time+closed-loop+processing+with+rapid+recovery+from+stimulation+artifacts.+Front.">A low-cost multielectrode system for data acquisition enabling real-time closed-loop processing with rapid recovery from stimulation artifacts. Front.</a> Neuroengineering. 2, 12-12 (2009).</li><li>Fee, M. S., Leonardo, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Miniature+motorized+microdrive+and+commutator+system+for+chronic+neural+recording+in+small+animals.">Miniature motorized microdrive and commutator system for chronic neural recording in small animals.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 112, 83-94 (2001).</li><li>Shirvalkar, P. R., Rapp, P. R., Shapiro, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bidirectional+changes+to+hippocampal+theta+gamma+oscillations+predict+memory+for+recent+spatial+episodes.">Bidirectional changes to hippocampal theta gamma oscillations predict memory for recent spatial episodes.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (15), 7054-709 (2010).</li></ol>

Su labirenti temelli davranışçı görevleri gerçek zamanlı 1 hayvanların bilişsel yetenekleri ve temsilcilikleri yoklamak için etkili araçlar sağlar. , Hafif ve uygun maliyetli headstage preamplisi kullanımı, su labirenti içeren davranışsal nörofizyoloji uygulamalarda özellikle kritik. Soğuk su kaçan hayvanlar için bu görevleri içsel motivasyon sağlar, çünkü onların davranışlarını motive kuru labirentine hayvanların zorluklar olmadan tekrarlanan çalışmalarda test edilebilir....

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		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Custom designed Integrated Circuit Board</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>ExpressPCB.com</td>
<td>Custom</td>
<td>2 layer double sided PCB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Surface mount Resistors</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Mouser Electronics</td>
<td>RK73B1JTTDD156J</td>
<td>1/10 W, 15 M Ohm 0603, Thick film</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SMD Capacitors </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Newark Electronics</td>
<td>0402YD104KAT2A</td>
<td>0.1 uF (0402)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SMD Operational Amplifier (quad FET)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Mouser Electronics</td>
<td>595-TLC2274AIPW</td>
<td>Quad FET - low noise</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9 pin ABS socket</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ginder Scientific</td>
<td>GS09SKT-220</td>
<td>For animal connection</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9-pin ABS Plug</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ginder Scientific</td>
<td>GS09PLG-220</td>
<td>To be implanted in animal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Black Delrin Ring Nut</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ginder Scientific</td>
<td>GS09BDN-220</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Black Delrin Cap Nut</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ginder Scientific</td>
<td>GS09BDC-220</td>
<td>For protecting animal's implant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Amphenol pins (male)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ginder Scientific</td>
<td>220-P02</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Amphenol pins (female)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ginder Scientific</td>
<td>220-S02</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>5-minute epoxy</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Devcon Inc.</td>
<td>S-208 / 20845</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Poster Tack Putty</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Elmer's</td>
<td>026000015318</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Rosin Core Solder</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Radio Shack</td>
<td>64-009</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Soldering Iron </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Weller</td>
<td>Pyropen WSTA6</td>
<td>(adjustable heat)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Metal tweezers</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>Size 5</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Parafilm sheets</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>American National Can</td>
<td>Parafilm 4" x 250'</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Magnet wire</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Belden</td>
<td>8052</td>
<td>Enamel Coated</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ammeter/ Multimeter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fluke Mfg Co.</td>
<td>77 Multimeter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Millmax Double Row Headers</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Millmax / Mouser</td>
<td>575 - 002101</td>
<td>0.05"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Solder Wick</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Chemtronics</td>
<td>7-10L</td>
<td>0.75 in.</td>
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design and construction of a cost effective headstage for simultaneous neural stimulation and recording in the water maze

Headstage preamplisi ve kaynak takipçileri genellikle davranışsal nörofizyoloji deneyler sinirsel aktivite eğitimi için kullanılır. Mevcut ticari ürünler dalgıç genellikle kolayca özelleştirilebilir değil, pahalı değil. Burada uyanık davranmak hayvanların aynı anda 4-kanal nöral kayıt ve 2-kanal simülasyon için özelleştirilmiş, bir entegre devre headstage, tasarım ve inşa etmek için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Headstage, ücretsiz, piyasada mevcut CAD-tipi tasarım paketi kullanılarak tasarlanmış, farklı ölçeklerde (örneğin kanal eklemek için) karşılamak için kolaylıkla değiştirilebilir. Özelleştirilmiş bir baskılı devre kartı, birlik kazanç kaynağı takipçisi devresi oluşturmak için yüzeye monte dirençler, kapasitörler ve operasyonel amplifikatörler kullanılarak inşa edilmiştir. Headstage, su geçirmez, epoksi, parafilm ve sentetik kauçuk macun bir kombinasyonu ile yapılır. Biz başarıyla yerel alan potansiyelleri kayıt ve bağımsız bir su labirenti yüzme sıçanlarda kanalları ile aynı anda farklı beyin bölgeleri teşvik etmek için bu cihaz var. Toplam maliyet &lt;$ 30/unit ve kolayca imal edilebilir.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design and Construction of a Cost Effective Headstage for Simultaneous Neural Stimulation and Recording in the Water Maze at JoVE.com

Design and Construction of a Cost Effective Headstage for Simultaneous Neural Stimulation and Recording in the Water Maze

Biz, eş zamanlı sinir kayıt ve stimülasyon yeteneği ile bir ışık headstage, ön-amplifikatör sistemi tasarım ve inşa etmek için düşük maliyetli bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Bu cihaz, yüzme hayvanlarda kullanılmak üzere su geçirmez olabilir.

Eşzamanlı Sinir Uyarım ve Su Maze Kayıt için Tasarım ve İnşaat Maliyet Etkin headstage

Headstage preamplifiers and source followers are commonly used to study neural activity in behavioral neurophysiology experiments. Available commercial ...

design-construction-cost-effective-headstage-for-simultaneous-neural

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

10.6K Görüntüleme.  Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Biz, eş zamanlı sinir kayıt ve stimülasyon yeteneği ile bir ışık headstage, ön-amplifikatör sistemi tasarım ve inşa etmek için düşük maliyetli bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Bu cihaz, yüzme hayvanlarda kullanılmak üzere su geçirmez olabilir.

Video: Design and Construction of a Cost Effective Headstage for Simultaneous Neural Stimulation and Recording in the Water Maze

Morris Water Maze Test for Learning and Memory Deficits in Alzheimer&#39;s Disease Model Mice

The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was first established by neuroscientist Richard G. Morris in 1981 in order to test hippocampal-dependent learning, including acquisition of spatial memoryand long-term spatial memory 1. The MWM is a relatively simple procedure typically consisting of six day trials, the main advantage being the differentiation between the spatial (hidden-platform) and non-spatial (visible platform) conditions 2-4. In addition, the MWM testing environment reduces odor trail interference 5. This has led the task to be used extensively in the study of the neurobiology and neuropharmacology of spatial learning and memory. The MWM plays an important role in the validation of rodent models for neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer&#x2019;s Disease 6, 7. In this protocol we discussed the typical procedure of MWM for testing learning and memory and data analysis commonly used in Alzheimer&#x2019;s disease transgenic model mice.

Morris Water Maze Test for Learning and Memory Deficits in Alzheimer&#039;s Disease Model Mice

The Morris Water Maze is a behavioral task to test hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. It has been widely used in the study of neurobiology, neuropharmacology and neurocognitive disorders in rodent models.

Alzheimer Hastalığı Model Fareler Öğrenme ve Hafıza Açıkları Morris Su Labirent Testi

The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was first established by neuroscientist Richard G. Morris in 1981 in order to test hippocampal-dependent learning, including ...

Nörobilim

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also propagation of suprathreshold spiking activity involves populations of neurons. Empirical studies addressing cortical function directly thus require recordings from populations of neurons with high resolution. Here we describe an optical method and a deconvolution algorithm to record neural activity from up to 100 neurons with single-cell and single-spike resolution. This method relies on detection of the transient increases in intracellular somatic calcium concentration associated with suprathreshold electrical spikes (action potentials) in cortical neurons. High temporal resolution of the optical recordings is achieved by a fast random-access scanning technique using acousto-optical deflectors (AODs)1. Two-photon excitation of the calcium-sensitive dye results in high spatial resolution in opaque brain tissue2. Reconstruction of spikes from the fluorescence calcium recordings is achieved by a maximum-likelihood method. Simultaneous electrophysiological and optical recordings indicate that our method reliably detects spikes (&gt;97% spike detection efficiency), has a low rate of false positive spike detection (&lt; 0.003 spikes/sec), and a high temporal precision (about 3 msec) 3. This optical method of spike detection can be used to record neural activity in vitro and in anesthetized animals in vivo3,4.

Understanding the function of the vertebrate central nervous system requires recordings from many neurons because cortical function arises on the level of populations of neurons. Here we describe an optical method to record suprathreshold neural activity with single-cell and single-spike resolution, dithered random-access scanning. This method records somatic fluorescence calcium signals from up to 100 neurons with high temporal resolution. A maximum-likelihood algorithm deconvolves the underlying suprathreshold neural activity from the somatic fluorescence calcium signals. This method reliably detects spikes with high detection efficiency and a low rate of false positives and can be used to study neural populations in vitro and in vivo.

Tek hücreli ve tek başak çözünürlüğe sahip supratreshold nöral aktivitenin Optik kaydı

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also ...

Whole Cell Patch Clamp for Investigating the Mechanisms of Infrared Neural Stimulation

It has been demonstrated in recent years that pulsed, infrared laser light can be used to elicit electrical responses in neural tissue, independent of any further modification of the target tissue. Infrared neural stimulation has been reported in a variety of peripheral and sensory neural tissue in vivo, with particular interest shown in stimulation of neurons in the auditory nerve. However, while INS has been shown to work in these settings, the mechanism (or mechanisms) by which infrared light causes neural excitation is currently not well understood. The protocol presented here describes a whole cell patch clamp method designed to facilitate the investigation of infrared neural stimulation in cultured primary auditory neurons. By thoroughly characterizing the response of these cells to infrared laser illumination in vitro under controlled conditions, it may be possible to gain an improved understanding of the fundamental physical and biochemical processes underlying infrared neural stimulation.

Infrared nerve stimulation has been proposed as an alternative to electrical stimulation in a range of nerve types, including those associated with the auditory system. This protocol describes a patch clamp method for studying the mechanism of infrared nerve stimulation in a culture of primary auditory neurons.

Kızılötesi Sinir Stimülasyon en mekanizmaları incelenmesi için tüm Hücre Patch Kelepçe

It has been  demonstrated in recent years that pulsed, infrared laser light can be used to  elicit electrical responses in neural tissue, independent of ...

Simultaneous Electrophysiological Recording and Calcium Imaging of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons

Simultaneous electrophysiological and fluorescent imaging recording methods were used to study the role of changes of membrane potential or current in regulating the intracellular calcium concentration. Changing environmental conditions, such as the light-dark cycle, can modify neuronal and neural network activity and the expression of a family of circadian clock genes within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the location of the master circadian clock in the mammalian brain. Excitatory synaptic transmission leads to an increase in the postsynaptic Ca2+ concentration that is believed to activate the signaling pathways that shifts the rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes. Hypothalamic slices containing the SCN were patch clamped using microelectrodes filled with an internal solution containing the calcium indicator bis-fura-2. After a seal was formed between the microelectrode and the SCN neuronal membrane, the membrane was ruptured using gentle suction and the calcium probe diffused into the neuron filling both the soma and dendrites. Quantitative ratiometric measurements of the intracellular calcium concentration were recorded simultaneously with membrane potential or current. Using these methods it is possible to study the role of changes of the intracellular calcium concentration produced by synaptic activity and action potential firing of individual neurons. In this presentation we demonstrate the methods to simultaneously record electrophysiological activity along with intracellular calcium from individual SCN neurons maintained in brain slices.

Procedures are described to perform simultaneous recordings of membrane potential or current and changes of intracellular calcium concentration. Suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons are filled with the calcium indicator bis-fura-2 using a patch clamp electrode in the whole cell patch clamp configuration.

Eşzamanlı Elektrofizyolojik Kayıt ve Suprakiazmatik Nucleus Nöronlar Kalsiyum Görüntüleme

Simultaneous electrophysiological and fluorescent imaging recording methods were used to study the role of changes of membrane potential or current in ...

Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications

Many attempts have been made to manufacture multi-contact nerve cuff electrodes that are safe, robust and reliable for long term neuroprosthetic applications. This protocol describes a fabrication technique of a modified cylindrical nerve cuff electrode to meet these criteria. Minimum computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD and CAM) skills are necessary to consistently produce cuffs with high precision (contact placement 0.51 &#177; 0.04 mm) and various cuff sizes. The precision in spatially distributing the contacts and the ability to retain a predefined geometry accomplished with this design are two criteria essential to optimize the cuff&#39;s interface for selective recording and stimulation. The presented design also maximizes the flexibility in the longitudinal direction while maintaining sufficient rigidity in the transverse direction to reshape the nerve by using materials with different elasticities. The expansion of the cuff&#39;s cross sectional area as a result of increasing the pressure inside the cuff was observed to be 25% at 67 mm Hg. This test demonstrates the flexibility of the cuff and its response to nerve swelling post-implant. The stability of the contacts&#39; interface and recording quality were also examined with contacts&#39; impedance and signal-to-noise ratio metrics from a chronically implanted cuff (7.5 months), and observed to be 2.55 &#177; 0.25 k&#8486; and 5.10 &#177; 0.81 dB respectively.

This article provides a detailed description on the fabrication process of a high contact-density flat interface nerve electrode (FINE). This electrode is optimized for recording and stimulating neural activity selectively within peripheral nerves.

Kayıt ve Stimülasyon Uygulamaları için Yüksek İletişim-Yoğunluk Fabrikasyon, Düz Arayüz Sinir Elektrotlar

Many attempts have been made to manufacture multi-contact nerve cuff electrodes that are safe, robust and reliable for long term neuroprosthetic ...

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) can be used to investigate drug toxicity, design paradigms for next-generation personalized medicine, and study network dynamics in neuronal cultures. In contrast with more traditional methods, such as patch-clamping, which can only record activity from a single cell, MEAs can record simultaneously from multiple sites in a network, without requiring the arduous task of placing each electrode individually. Moreover, numerous control and stimulation configurations can be easily applied within the same experimental setup, allowing for a broad range of dynamics to be explored. One of the key dynamics of interest in these in vitro studies has been the extent to which cultured networks display properties indicative of learning. Mouse neuronal cells cultured on MEAs display an increase in response following training induced by electrical stimulation. This protocol demonstrates how to culture neuronal cells on MEAs; successfully record from over 95% of the plated dishes; establish a protocol to train the networks to respond to patterns of stimulation; and sort, plot, and interpret the results from such experiments. The use of a proprietary system for stimulating and recording neuronal cultures is demonstrated. Software packages are also used to sort neuronal units. A custom-designed graphical user interface is used to visualize post-stimulus time histograms, inter-burst intervals, and burst duration, as well as to compare the cellular response to stimulation before and after a training protocol. Finally, representative results and future directions of this research effort are discussed.

Mouse neuronal cells cultured on multi-electrode arrays display an increase in response following electrical stimulation. This protocol demonstrates how to culture neurons, how to record activity, and how to establish a protocol to train the networks to respond to patterns of stimulation.

Mikro Elektrod Dizilerinde Nöronal Hücre Kültürlerinin Uyarılmasına Ağ Yanıtına Zamana Bağlı Artış

Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) can be used to investigate drug toxicity, design paradigms for next-generation personalized medicine, and study network ...

Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials, Electrocardiogram, Electromyogram, and Breathing Rhythm from a Freely Moving Rat

Monitoring the physiological dynamics of the brain and peripheral tissues is necessary for addressing a number of questions about how the brain controls body functions and internal organ rhythms when animals are exposed to emotional challenges and changes in their living environments. In general experiments, signals from different organs, such as the brain and the heart, are recorded by independent recording systems that require multiple recording devices and different procedures for processing the data files. This study describes a new method that can simultaneously monitor electrical biosignals, including tens of local field potentials in multiple brain regions, electrocardiograms that represent the cardiac rhythm, electromyograms that represent awake/sleep-related muscle contraction, and breathing signals, in a freely moving rat. The recording configuration of this method is based on a conventional micro-drive array for cortical local field potential recordings in which tens of electrodes are accommodated, and the signals obtained from these electrodes are integrated into a single electrical board mounted on the animal's head. Here, this recording system was improved so that signals from the peripheral organs are also transferred to an electrical interface board. In a single surgery, electrodes are first separately implanted into the appropriate body parts and the target brain areas. The open ends of all of these electrodes are then soldered to individual channels of the electrical board above the animal's head so that all of the signals can be integrated into the single electrical board. Connecting this board to a recording device allows for the collection of all of the signals into a single device, which reduces experimental costs and simplifies data processing, because all data can be handled in the same data file. This technique will aid the understanding of the neurophysiological correlates of the associations between central and peripheral organs.

This study introduces a method for the simultaneous recording of local field potentials in the brain, electrocardiograms, electromyograms, and breathing signals of a freely moving rat. This technique, which reduces experimental costs and simplifies data analysis, will contribute to the understanding of the interactions between the brain and peripheral organs.

Kortikal yerel alan potansiyelleri, Elektrokardiyogram, Electromyogram ve ritim serbestçe hareket bir sıçan gelen nefes eşzamanlı kayıt

Monitoring the physiological dynamics of the brain and peripheral tissues is necessary for addressing a number of questions about how the brain controls ...

Construction of an Improved Multi-Tetrode Hyperdrive for Large-Scale Neural Recording in Behaving Rats

Monitoring the activity patterns of a large population of neurons over many days in awake animals is a valuable technique in the field of systems neuroscience. One key component of this technique consists of the precise placement of multiple electrodes into desired brain regions and the maintenance of their stability. Here, we describe a protocol for the construction of a 3D-printable hyperdrive, which includes eighteen independently adjustable tetrodes, and is specifically designed for in vivo extracellular neural recording in freely behaving rats. The tetrodes attached to the microdrives can either be individually advanced into multiple brain regions along the track, or can be used to place an array of electrodes into a smaller area. The multiple tetrodes allow for simultaneous examination of action potentials from dozens of individual neurons, as well as local field potentials from populations of neurons in the brain during active behavior. In addition, the design provides for simpler 3D drafting software that can easily be modified for differing experimental needs.

We present the construction of a 3D-printable hyperdrive with eighteen independently adjustable tetrodes. The hyperdrive is designed to record brain activity in freely behaving rats over a period of several weeks.

Bir geliştirilmiş çoklu tetrot hiper motor yapımı fareler davranışlar içinde büyük ölçekli sinirsel kayıt için

Monitoring the activity patterns of a large population of neurons over many days in awake animals is a valuable technique in the field of systems ...

Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

Multichannel electrode arrays offer insight into the working brain and serve to elucidate neural processes at the single-cell and circuit levels. Development of these tools is crucial for understanding complex behaviors and cognition and for advancing clinical applications. However, it remains a challenge to densely record from cell populations stably and continuously over long time periods. Many popular electrodes, such as tetrodes and silicon arrays, feature large cross-diameters that produce damage upon insertion and elicit chronic reactive tissue responses associated with neuronal death, hindering the recording of stable, continuous neural activity. In addition, most wire bundles exhibit broad spacing between channels, precluding simultaneous recording from a large number of cells clustered in a small area. The carbon fiber microelectrode arrays described in this protocol offer an accessible solution to these concerns. The study provides a detailed method for fabricating carbon fiber microelectrode arrays that can be used for both acute and chronic recordings in vivo. The physical properties of these electrodes make them ideal for stable and continuous long-term recordings at high cell densities, enabling the researcher to make robust, unambiguous recordings from single units across months.

Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

This protocol describes a procedure for constructing carbon fiber microelectrode arrays for chronic and acute in vivo electrophysiological recordings in mouse (Mus musculus) and ferret (Mustela putorius furo) from multiple brain regions. Each step, following the purchase of raw carbon fibers to microelectrode array implantation, is described in detail, with emphasis on microelectrode array construction.

Kronik ve Akut In Vivo Kayıtlar için Karbon Fiber Mikroelekrod Dizilerinin yapımı ve uygulanması

Multichannel electrode arrays offer insight into the working brain and serve to elucidate neural processes at the single-cell and circuit levels. ...

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

During the last decade, optogenetics has become an essential tool for the investigation of neural signaling due to its unique capability of selective neural modulation or monitoring. As specific types of neuronal cells can be genetically modified to express opsin proteins, optogenetics enables optical stimulation or inhibition of the selected neurons. There have been several technological advances in the optical system for optogenetics. Recently, it was proposed to combine the optical waveguide for light delivery with electrophysiological recording to simultaneously monitor the neural responses to optogenetic stimulation or inhibition. In this study, an implantable optrode array (2x2 optical fibers) was developed with embedded multichannel electrodes. 
A light-emitting diode (LED) was employed as a light source, and a microfabricated microlens array was integrated to provide sufficient light power at the tip of the optical fibers. The optrode array system comprises the disposable part and the reusable part. The disposable part has optical fibers and electrodes, while the reusable part has the LED and electronic circuitry for light control and neural signal processing. The novel design of the implantable optrode array system is introduced in the accompanying video in addition to the procedure of the optrode implantation surgery, optogenetic light stimulation, and the electrophysiological neural recording. The results of in vivo experiments successfully showed time-locked neural spikes evoked by the light stimuli from hippocampal excitatory neurons of mice.

Here, we present the fabrication method of an optrode system with optical fibers for light delivery and an electrode array for neural recording. In vivo experiments with transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 show the feasibility of the system for simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and electrophysiological recording.

Eşzamanlı Optogenetik Modülasyon ve Elektriksel Nöral Kayıt için Optrode Dizisi

During the last decade, optogenetics has become an essential tool for the investigation of neural signaling due to its unique capability of selective ...