<ol>
	<li>ASTM D1413-07. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standard+test+method+for+testing+wood+preservatives+by+laboratory+soil-block+cultures.+.">Standard test method for testing wood preservatives by laboratory soil-block cultures. .</a> Annual Book of ASTM Standards. , 185-192 (2007).</li><li>Bravery, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> A miniaturized wood block for the rapid evaluation of wood preservative fungicides. , (1978).</li><li>Low, G. A., Young, M. E., Martin, P., Palfreyman, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+the+relationship+between+the+dry+rot+fungus+Serpula+lacrymans+and+selected+forms+of+masonry.">Assessing the relationship between the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans and selected forms of masonry.</a> Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 46, 141-150 (2000).</li><li>Nicolas, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volume+I+(One/1)+-+Degradation+and+Protection+of+Wood+(Syracuse+Wood+Science+Series+#5).">Volume I (One/1) - Degradation and Protection of Wood (Syracuse Wood Science Series #5).</a> Wood Deterioration and Its Prevention by Preservative Treatments. , (1973).</li><li>Schilling, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+calcium-based+materials+and+iron+impurities+on+wood+degradation+by+the+brown+rot+fungus+Serpula+lacrymans.">Effects of calcium-based materials and iron impurities on wood degradation by the brown rot fungus Serpula lacrymans.</a> Holzforschung. 64, 93-99 (2010).</li></ol>

Agar-blok set-up (Şekil 1) kullanarak Serpula lacrymans (Şekil 3 kontrol kahverengi-çürümüş çam blokları% 60 daha fazla kilo kaybına yol açan, alçı yüzeyler ve ahşap bloklar (Şekil 2) içine doğrudan temas halinde büyüdü .) Bu kolay çürüme&gt;% 50 ASTM standart hedefi tatmin ve az çürüme ortalama varyasyon katsayısı (C V) 0,055 16. hafta. Bu veri Schilling 7 yayınlanmıştır. Yine, diğer mantar agar-blok toprak blok daha uzun kuluçka gerekecektir. Başvuru i...

<table><tbody><tr><td>Petri dishes</td><td>Nalge Nunc international</td><td>4014</td><td>25 x 150 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Agar, Type A</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A4550</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium nitrate, NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Millinckrodt</td><td>3436-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium phosphate, KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>JT Baker</td><td>3246-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium sulfate 7-hydrate, MgSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#8226;7H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>230391</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>D-(+)-Glucose</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>G8270</td><td>Dextrose</td></tr><tr><td>Boric acid, H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;BO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Mallinckrodt Baker Inc.</td><td>2549-04</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zinc sulfate 7-hydrate, ZnSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#8226;7H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Mallinckrodt Baker Inc.</td><td>8880-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manganous chloride 4-hydrate, MnCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#8226;4H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>JT Baker</td><td>2540-04</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Copper(II) sulfate 5-hydrate, CuSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#8226;5H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>209198</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium heptamolybdate 4-hydrate, (NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;Mo&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;24&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#8226;4H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>431346</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calcium chloride dihydrate, CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#8226;2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Mallinckrodt Baker Inc.</td><td>4160-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride, NaCl</td><td>Mallinckrodt Baker Inc.</td><td>7581-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ferrous sulfate 7-hydrate, FeSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#8226;7H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Mallinckrodt Baker Inc.</td><td>5056-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipet-aid</td><td>Drummond Scientific</td><td>4-000-110</td><td>Cordless&lt;br/&gt;EtOH the surface</td></tr><tr><td>10 ml sterile polystyrene pipette</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>357551</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gutter Guard</td><td>Thermwell Products Co.</td><td>VX620</td><td>Pre-scrubbed with soap&lt;br/&gt;Hardware store</td></tr><tr><td>Calcium sulfate hemihydrate, CaSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#8226;0.5H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>385355000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>#4 cork borer</td><td>Boekel Scientific</td><td>1601</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parafilm &quot;M&quot;</td><td>Pechiney Plastic Packaging</td><td>PM-996</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

agar-block microcosms for controlled plant tissue decomposition by aerobic fungi

Ahşap koruyucu testi (agar-blok toprak blok) lignocellulosic bitki dokularında mantar biyodegradasyon eğitim için iki temel yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Toprak blok microcosms yüksek çürüme oranları, daha az nem sorunlarının, düşük çalışmalar arasında değişkenlik ve koruyucu toksisite eşikleri yüksek verim çok iyi kabul edilir. Toprak-blok test böylece daha fazla kullanılan bir tekniktir ve Amerikan Test ve Malzeme Derneği (ASTM) (yöntem D 1413-1407) tarafından standardize edilmiştir. Toprak-blok tasarımı, ancak yerel değişken toprak kaynakları kullanarak, sakıncaları ve çürüyen dokulara besin dış (eksojen) kontrolü sınırlandırılmasında. Bu sakıncaları, diğer giderek daha popüler araştırma amaçları için bu yöntemi uygulayarak bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu modern amaçları hifal ağları birlikte oksidatif mekanizmaları ve izleme transloke unsurları değerlendirirken, co-metabolize toksik biyoremidasyonu test biyoenerji araştırma, aşağılayıcı lignocellulosics içerir. Toprak-bloklar bu uygulamaların yeterince kontrol ödünç yoktur. Rafine agar-blok bir yaklaşım gereklidir. Burada, ahşap aşağılayıcı mantar Serpula lacrymans düşük kalsiyum agar ile derin Petri kapları kullanarak, agar-blok microcosms ahşap düşmeye kahverengi çürüklük kullanın. Bir zaman serisi, çürüme eksojen alçı taşı rolünü test programı ve beklenen değişkenlik göstermek için. Tek bir yönetim kurulu rip (uzunlamasına kesilmiş) engeller, klimalı, tartılır, otoklava ve plastik hasır tepesinde aseptik tanıttı. Eksojen alçı arayüzler eklenmiş Mantar aşılar, her blok yüzüne. Hasat son yıkıcı hasata kadar aseptik. Bu microcosms agar veya Petri kabı duvarlar ile blok temasından kaçınmak için tasarlanmıştır. Yoğunlaşma plaka dökülen sırasında ve inkübasyon sırasında en aza indirilmiştir. Son olarak, inokulum / alçı / tahta boşluk izin vermeden, ancak temas en aza indirilmiştir. Bu agar-blok tasarımı daha az teknik yönlerini de başarısızlık ve en önemli çalışmalar arasında değişkenlik kaynağı en yaygın nedenlerinden. Video yayında bu durumda bu nedenle yararlı ve düşük değişkenliği, yüksek kaliteli sonuçlar göstermektedir.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Agar-Block Microcosms for Controlled Plant Tissue Decomposition by Aerobic Fungi at JoVE.com

Agar-Block Microcosms for Controlled Plant Tissue Decomposition by Aerobic Fungi

Bu video, aerobik mantar lignocellulosic bitki dokularında bozulma çalışma kontrollü bir ortamda bir yaklaşım göstermektedir. Besin kaynakları ve nem kontrolü için agar-blok microcosms yeteneği önemli bir avantaj, ancak bu yaklaşım genellikle karışık başarı verimleri. Biz, tekrarlanabilir, düşük değişkenlik verim kritik tuzaklar adresi.

Aerobik Mantarlar Kontrollü Bitki Doku Ayrışma Agar-Blok Microcosms

The two principal methods for studying fungal biodegradation of lignocellulosic plant tissues were developed for wood preservative testing (soil-block; ...

agar-block-microcosms-for-controlled-plant-tissue-decomposition

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

15.0K Görüntüleme.  University of Minnesota. Bu video, aerobik mantar lignocellulosic bitki dokularında bozulma çalışma kontrollü bir ortamda bir yaklaşım göstermektedir. Besin kaynakları ve nem kontrolü için agar-blok microcosms yeteneği önemli bir avantaj, ancak bu yaklaşım genellikle karışık başarı verimleri. Biz, tekrarlanabilir, düşük değişkenlik verim kritik tuzaklar adresi.

Video: Agar-Block Microcosms for Controlled Plant Tissue Decomposition by Aerobic Fungi

Biocontained Carcass Composting for Control of Infectious Disease Outbreak in Livestock

Intensive livestock production systems are particularly vulnerable to natural or intentional (bioterrorist) infectious disease outbreaks. Large numbers of animals housed within a confined area enables rapid dissemination of most infectious agents throughout a herd. Rapid containment is key to controlling any infectious disease outbreak, thus depopulation is often undertaken to prevent spread of a pathogen to the larger livestock population. In that circumstance, a large number of livestock carcasses and contaminated manure are generated that require rapid disposal.
Composting lends itself as a rapid-response disposal method for infected carcasses as well as manure and soil that may harbor infectious agents. We designed a bio-contained mortality composting procedure and tested its efficacy for bovine tissue degradation and microbial deactivation. We used materials available on-farm or purchasable from local farm supply stores in order that the system can be implemented at the site of a disease outbreak. In this study, temperatures exceeded 55&deg;C for more than one month and infectious agents implanted in beef cattle carcasses and manure were inactivated within 14 days of composting. After 147 days, carcasses were almost completely degraded. The few long bones remaining were further degraded with an additional composting cycle in open windrows and the final mature compost was suitable for land application. 
Duplicate compost structures (final dimensions 25 m x 5 m x 2.4 m; L x W x H) were constructed using barley straw bales and lined with heavy black silage plastic sheeting. Each was loaded with loose straw, carcasses and manure totaling ~95,000 kg. A 40-cm base layer of loose barley straw was placed in each bunker, onto which were placed 16 feedlot cattle mortalities (average weight 343 kg) aligned transversely at a spacing of approximately 0.5 m. For passive aeration, lengths of flexible, perforated plastic drainage tubing (15 cm diameter) were placed between adjacent carcasses, extending vertically along both inside walls, and with the ends passed though the plastic to the exterior. The carcasses were overlaid with moist aerated feedlot manure (~1.6 m deep) to the top of the bunker. Plastic was folded over the top and sealed with tape to establish a containment barrier and eight aeration vents (50 x 50 x 15 cm) were placed on the top of each structure to promote passive aeration. After 147 days, losses of volume and mass of composted materials averaged 39.8% and 23.7%, respectively, in each structure.

Using readily available materials, this biocontained composting system enables effective on-site disposal of large animal carcasses arising in the event of infectious disease outbreak. This procedure kills most infectious agents in carcasses and contaminated manure. Once infectious agent is confirmed non-viable, mature compost can be spread as fertilizer.

Hayvancılık Bulaşıcı Hastalık Salgın Kontrol Biocontained Karkas Kompostlama

Intensive livestock production systems are particularly vulnerable to natural or intentional (bioterrorist) infectious disease outbreaks. Large numbers of ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

The kraft process is applied to wood chips for separation of lignin from the polysaccharides within lignocellulose for pulp that will produce a high quality paper. Black liquor is a pulping waste generated by the kraft process that has potential for downstream bioconversion. However, the recalcitrant nature of the lignocellulose resources, its chemical derivatives that constitute the majority of available organic carbon within black liquor, and its basic pH present challenges to microbial biodegradation of this waste material. Methods for the collection and modification of black liquor for microbial growth are aimed at utilization of this pulp waste to convert the lignin, organic acids, and polysaccharide degradation byproducts into valuable chemicals. The lignocellulose extraction techniques presented provide a reproducible method for preparation of lignocellulose growth substrates for understanding metabolic capacities of cultured microorganisms. Use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry enables the identification and quantification of the fermentation products resulting from the growth of microorganisms on pulping waste. These methods when used together can facilitate the determination of the metabolic activity of microorganisms with potential to produce fermentation products that would provide greater value to the pulping system and reduce effluent waste, thereby increasing potential paper milling profits and offering additional uses for black liquor.

Industrial wastes can be collected and modified to analyze microbial growth. Lignocellulose extraction techniques provide components to analyze specific biodegradation ability. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identifies fermentation products of microorganisms grown on pulping waste. These methods determine the metabolic capacity of microorganisms to degrade pulping waste.

The kraft process is applied to wood chips for separation of lignin from the polysaccharides within lignocellulose for pulp that will produce a high ...

Çevre

Ecosystem Fabrication (EcoFAB) Protocols for The Construction of Laboratory Ecosystems Designed to Study Plant-microbe Interactions

Beneficial plant-microbe interactions offer a sustainable biological solution with the potential to boost low-input food and bioenergy production. A better mechanistic understanding of these complex plant-microbe interactions will be crucial to improving plant production as well as performing basic ecological studies investigating plant-soil-microbe interactions. Here, a detailed description for ecosystem fabrication is presented, using widely available 3D printing technologies, to create controlled laboratory habitats (EcoFABs) for mechanistic studies of plant-microbe interactions within specific environmental conditions. Two sizes of EcoFABs are described that are suited for the investigation of microbial interactions with various plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon, and Panicum virgatum. These flow-through devices allow for controlled manipulation and sampling of root microbiomes, root chemistry as well as imaging of root morphology and microbial localization. This protocol includes the details for maintaining sterile conditions inside EcoFABs and mounting independent LED light systems onto EcoFABs. Detailed methods for addition of different forms of media, including soils, sand, and liquid growth media coupled to the characterization of these systems using imaging and metabolomics are described. Together, these systems enable dynamic and detailed investigation of plant and plant-microbial consortia including the manipulation of microbiome composition (including mutants), the monitoring of plant growth, root morphology, exudate composition, and microbial localization under controlled environmental conditions. We anticipate that these detailed protocols will serve as an important starting point for other researchers, ideally helping create standardized experimental systems for investigating plant-microbe interactions.

Ecosystem Fabrication EcoFAB Protocols for The Construction of Laboratory Ecosystems Designed to Study Plant-microbe Interactions

This article describes detailed protocols for ecosystem fabrication of devices (EcoFABs) that enable the studies of plants and plant-microbe interactions in highly controlled laboratory conditions.

Ekosistem imalat (EcoFAB) protokolleri laboratuvar ekosistemlerinin bitki-mikrop etkileşimleri çalışma için tasarlanmış inşası için

Beneficial plant-microbe interactions offer a sustainable biological solution with the potential to boost low-input food and bioenergy production. A ...

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions

In contrast to aerobic organisms, strictly anaerobic microorganisms require the absence of oxygen and usually a low redox potential to initiate growth. As oxygen is ubiquitous in air, retaining O2-free conditions during all steps of cultivation is challenging but a prerequisite for anaerobic culturing. The protocol presented here demonstrates the successful cultivation of an anaerobic mixed culture derived from a biogas plant using a simple and inexpensive method. A precise description of the entire anoxic culturing process is given including media preparation, filling of cultivation flasks, supplementation with redox indicator and reducing agents to provide low redox potentials as well as exchanging the headspace to keep media free from oxygen. Furthermore, a detailed overview of aseptically inoculating gas tight serum flasks (by using sterile syringes and needles) and suitable incubation conditions is provided. The present protocol further deals with gas and liquid sampling for subsequent analyses regarding gas composition and volatile fatty acid concentrations using gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively, and the calculation of biogas and methane yield considering the ideal gas law.

As obligate anaerobic organisms are unable to grow upon oxygen exposure, the use of anaerobic culturing techniques is indispensable. Here, we demonstrate a simple and effective method to cultivate a mixed culture derived from a biogas plant from media preparation to gas and volatile fatty acid quantification.

Kesinlikle Anaerobik/Anoksik Koşullarda Mikroorganizmaların Yetiştirilmesi için Orta Hazırlık

In contrast to aerobic organisms, strictly anaerobic microorganisms require the absence of oxygen and usually a low redox potential to initiate growth. As ...

Biyokimya

Gelişmiş gözlem için SAP-AS kullanarak Arbusküler Mikorizal Mantarların Kültürlenmesi

Inoculating and Observing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Cultures on Superabsorbent Polymer-Based Autotrophic Systems

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are difficult to manipulate and observe due to their permanent association with plant roots and propagation in the rhizosphere. Typically, AM fungi are cultured under in vivo conditions in pot culture with an autotrophic host or under in vitro conditions with Ri Transfer-DNA transformed roots (heterotrophic host) in a Petri dish. Additionally, the cultivation of AM fungi in pot culture occurs in an opaque and non-sterile environment. In contrast, in vitro culture involves the propagation of AM fungi in a sterile, transparent environment. The superabsorbent polymer-based autotrophic system (SAP-AS) has recently been developed and shown to combine the advantages of both methods while avoiding their respective limitations (opacity and heterotrophic host, sterility). Here, we present a detailed protocol for easy preparation, single spore inoculation, and observation of AM fungi in SAP-AS. By modifying the Petri dishes, high-resolution photographic and video observations were possible on living specimens, which would have been difficult or impossible with current in vivo and in vitro techniques.

Yazar Spotlight: SAP-AS ile Mantar Araştırmalarını Geliştirme — Tek Spor Kültürleri İçin Yeni Bir Teknik

Here, we describe a simple and inexpensive technique for inoculating and observing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in superabsorbent polymer-based autotrophic systems.

Süper Emici Polimer Bazlı Ototrofik Sistemlerde Arbusküler Mikorizal Kültürlerin Aşılanması ve Gözlemlenmesi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are difficult to manipulate and observe due to their permanent association with plant roots and propagation in the ...

Microfluidic Tools for Probing Fungal-Microbial Interactions at the Cellular Level

Filamentous fungi are successful inhabitants of soil and play a major role in soil ecosystems, such as in the decomposition of organic and inorganic matter, as well as regulation of nutrient levels. There they also find numerous opportunities to interact with a variety of other microbes such as bacteria or other fungi. Studying fungal interactions at the cellular level, however, can be challenging owing to the black box-like nature of soil. New microfluidic tools are being developed for the study of fungal interactions; two platforms designed to study bacterial-fungal and fungal-fungal interactions are highlighted. Within these microchannels, fungal-microbial interactions can be monitored in controlled physico-chemical environments at higher temporal and spatial resolution than previously possible. Application of these tools have yielded numerous novel biological insights, such as the observation of bacterial polar attachment to hyphae or revealing uncharacterised fungal-fungal antagonisms. A key feature of these methodologies regards the ease of use of this tool by non-experts, yielding highly translatable technologies for use in microbiology labs.

Owing to the opacity of soil, interactions between its constituent microbes cannot easily be visualised with cellular resolution. Here, two microfluidic tools are presented, which offer new opportunities for investigating fungal-microbial interactions. The devices are versatile and simple to use, enabling high spatiotemporal control and high-resolution imaging at the cellular level.

Hücresel Düzeyde Mantar-Mikrobiyal Etkileşimleri Probalamak için Mikroakışkan Araçlar

Filamentous fungi are successful inhabitants of soil and play a major role in soil ecosystems, such as in the decomposition of organic and inorganic ...

Biyomühendislik

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture

Fungi native to agricultural soils that colonized commercially available biodegradable mulch (BDM) films were isolated and assessed for potential to degrade plastics. Typically, when formulations of plastics are known and a source of the feedstock is available, powdered plastic can be suspended in agar-based media and degradation determined by visualization of clearing zones. However, this approach poorly mimics in situ degradation of BDMs. First, BDMs are not dispersed as small particles throughout the soil matrix. Secondly, BDMs are not sold commercially as pure polymers, but rather as films containing additives (e.g. fillers, plasticizers and dyes) that may affect microbial growth. The procedures described herein were used for isolates acquired from soil-buried mulch films. Fungal isolates acquired from excavated BDMs were tested individually for growth on pieces of new, disinfested BDMs laid atop defined medium containing no carbon source except agar. Isolates that grew on BDMs were further tested in liquid medium where BDMs were the sole added carbon source. After approximately ten weeks, fungal colonization and BDM degradation were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Isolates were identified via analysis of ribosomal RNA gene sequences. This report describes methods for fungal isolation, but bacteria also were isolated using these methods by substituting media appropriate for bacteria. Our methodology should prove useful for studies investigating breakdown of intact plastic films or products for which plastic feedstocks are either unknown or not available. However our approach does not provide a quantitative method for comparing rates of BDM degradation.

Plastic films labeled "biodegradable" are commercially available for agricultural use as mulches. Tillage represents an attractive disposal method, but degradation under field conditions is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to develop methods for isolating native soil fungi and bacteria that colonize plastic mulch films after field burial.

Biyobozunur Plastik Malç Filmler Aşağı Breaking potansiyeli ile Yerli Toprak Mikroorganizmaların izolasyonu Tarımda Kullanılan

Fungi native to agricultural soils that colonized commercially available biodegradable mulch (BDM) films were isolated and assessed for potential to ...

Biyoloji

Isolation and Screening from Soil Biodiversity for Fungi Involved in the Degradation of Recalcitrant Materials

Environmental pollution is an increasing problem, and identifying fungi involved in the bioremediation process is an essential task. Soil hosts an incredible diversity of microbial life and can be a good source of these bioremediative fungi. This work aims to search for soil fungi with bioremediation potential by using different screening tests. Mineral culture media supplemented with recalcitrant substances as the sole carbon source were used as growth tests. First, soil dilutions were plated on Petri dishes with mineral medium amended with humic acids or lignocellulose. The growing fungal colonies were isolated and tested on different substrates, such as complex mixtures of hydrocarbons (petrolatum and used motor oil) and powders of different plastic polymers (PET, PP, PS, PUR, PVC). Qualitative enzymatic tests were associated with the growth tests to investigate the production of esterases, laccases, peroxidases, and proteases. These enzymes are involved in the main degradation processes of recalcitrant material, and their constitutive secretion by the examined fungal strains could have the potential to be exploited for bioremediation. More than 100 strains were isolated and tested, and several isolates with good bioremediation potential were found. In conclusion, the described screening tests are an easy and low-cost method to identify fungal strains with bioremediation potential from the soil. In addition, it is possible to tailor the screening tests for different pollutants, according to requirements, by adding other recalcitrant substances to minimal culture media.

Here, we present a protocol for screening soil biodiversity to look for fungal strains involved in the degradation of recalcitrant materials. First, fungal strains able to grow on humic acids or lignocellulose are isolated. Their activity is then tested both in enzymatic assays and on pollutants such as hydrocarbons and plastics.

Aerobik Mantarlar Kontrollü Bitki Doku Ayrışma Agar-Blok Microcosms

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Bu videodaki bölümler

Hayvancılık Bulaşıcı Hastalık Salgın Kontrol Biocontained Karkas Kompostlama

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Ekosistem imalat (EcoFAB) protokolleri laboratuvar ekosistemlerinin bitki-mikrop etkileşimleri çalışma için tasarlanmış inşası için

Kesinlikle Anaerobik/Anoksik Koşullarda Mikroorganizmaların Yetiştirilmesi için Orta Hazırlık

Süper Emici Polimer Bazlı Ototrofik Sistemlerde Arbusküler Mikorizal Kültürlerin Aşılanması ve Gözlemlenmesi

Süper Emici Polimer Bazlı Ototrofik Sistemlerde Arbusküler Mikorizal Kültürlerin Aşılanması ve Gözlemlenmesi

Süper Emici Polimer Bazlı Ototrofik Sistemlerde Arbusküler Mikorizal Kültürlerin Aşılanması ve Gözlemlenmesi

Hücresel Düzeyde Mantar-Mikrobiyal Etkileşimleri Probalamak için Mikroakışkan Araçlar

Biyobozunur Plastik Malç Filmler Aşağı Breaking potansiyeli ile Yerli Toprak Mikroorganizmaların izolasyonu Tarımda Kullanılan

İnatçı Malzemelerin Parçalanmasında Rol Oynayan Mantarlar için Toprak Biyoçeşitliliğinden İzolasyon ve Tarama