We would like to thank Dr. Harry Orr at the University of Minnesota for his generous gift of transgenic mice. We would also like to thank the following Skidmore College alum for their work performing the preceding experiments: Monica Villegas, Porter Hall, Mitchell Spring, Nicholas Toker, Jenny Zhang, Chloe Larson and Cheyanne Slocum. Furthermore, we would like to thank Skidmore College for funding the development of these methods.

<ol>
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Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

tarif edildiği gibi, bu yöntemler kullanılabilir, bunlar tespit ve serebellar nörodejeneratif hastalık fare modellerinde oksidatif fosforilasyon aracılı mitokondriyal fonksiyon bozukluğu hafifletme yeteneğine sahiptir. Kombine biyokimyasal ve davranışsal deneyler serebellar nörodejeneratif hastalık patolojiye mitokondriyal katkının boyutlarını belirlemek için çok yönlü yöntemlerdir. metabolizmayı uyarır ve mitokondriyal fonksiyonunu artırmak için süksinik asit ile fareler tedavi, biz serebella...

Mitokondri elektron taşıma zinciri kullanarak oksidatif fosforilasyon (OXPHOS) ile üretilen mitokondriyal ATP çoğunluğu ile, adenozin trifosfat (ATP), hücresel enerji için önemli bir koenzim önemli üreticileridir. Beyin, yüksek metabolik talep ve nöral aktiviteyi güç için oksidatif fosforilasyon olan bağımlılığını göz önüne alındığında, mitokondriyal disfonksiyon son derece hassastır. Bunun bir sonucu olarak, mitokondriyal disfonksiyon yaşlanma sürecinde tetiklenir 1 ve birden fazla nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, 2, 3, 4 patojenezinde rol oynar. Nedenle, mitokondri nörodejenerasyonun için cazip tedavi hedefleri olduğunu izler. Bu protokol, biz mitokondri çalışmanın bir model nörodejeneratif hastalık olarak Spinoserebellar ataksi tip 1 (SCA1) kullanımını benimsemişl disfonksiyon ve mitokondriyal hedefli tedavilerin geliştirilmesi. SCA1 diğer beyin bölgelerinde Purkinje beyincik nöronların ve nöron ilerleyici dejenerasyonu tetikler ataksin-1 gen ürününde bir poliglutamin (poliQ) tekrar genişleme mutasyonu neden olmaktadır. Bir Purkinje hücresi spesifik promotörünün kontrolü altında bir poliQ mutant ataksin-1 transgeni ifade (SCA-1 fare gibi belirlenen) Burada kullanılan transjenik fare soyu, SCA1 5 Purkinje hücresi bileşeninin hedeflenen analizi sağlar. SCA1 fareler kademeli Purkinje hücre dejenerasyonu geçmesi ve ataksik yürüyüş 6 gelişir. Mitokondriyal karmaşık disfonksiyon ve mitokondriyal hedefli tedavi etkinliği, moleküler ve davranışsal deneyleri bir pil ile değerlendirilebilir. Mitokondriyal karmaşık disfonksiyon serebellar doku içinde değişmiş oksijen tüketimini tespit solunum tahlilleri ile ex vivo ölçülürelektron taşıma zinciri yüzeyler ve inhibitörleri 7 varlığı. Solunum tahlilleri, daha önce permeabilize doku mitokondriyal izolatlar ve bütün doku 7, 8, 9, kullanılmıştır. Bunlar transmisyon elektron mikroskobu ya immünofloresan boyama gibi morfolojik veri toplama yöntemlerinin aksine mitokondriyal fonksiyonun doğrudan değerlendirilmesi için izin verir. Bütün dokusu yerine izole mitokondri kullanımı izolasyon işlemi 7 sırasında oluşabilecek sağlıklı mitokondri önyargılı seçimini önler. gösterildiği gibi protokole adapte olduğunda, solunum tahlil serebellar nörodejeneratif hastalık durumlarında mitokondriyal disfonksiyon tespit etmek için değerli bir yöntemdir. metabolizma spesifik olmayan aktivatörler nörodejeneratif hastalığı etkeni transgenik fare modellerinde mitokondriyal disfonksiyon anlaması için kullanılabilirE ve yeni tedavilerin geliştirilmesinde yardım. Kersetin, koenzim Q10 ve kreatin tüm hastalarda ve nörodejeneratif hastalık 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, hayvan modellerinde nörodejeneratif hastalık patolojisini iyileştirilmesi için gösterilmiştir. Burada metabolizmasını uyaran ve nörodejeneratif hastalıkta mitokondriyal fonksiyonu artırmak için yeni metabolik aktivatörü, süksinik asit, sunuyoruz. Aktivatör, kan-beyin bariyerini geçen olduğundan emin olmak için, HPLC ile tedavi edilmiş farelerde 17 nöral dokuya teslim tespit etmek için kullanılmıştır. succinic asit ile oluşturulursa metabolik hedeflenen suda çözünür bileşiklerin terapötik etkisini değerlendirmek için, davranış paradigmalar ve immünopatolojik çalışmalar pil kullanılabilmektedir. duserebellar nörodejeneratif hastalık, ayak izi pist deneyi, ışın deneyi ve hızlanan dönen çubuk deneyinde bulunan motor koordinasyon açıkları e davranışsal patoloji 6, 18, 19 kurtarma tespit etmek için kullanılır. Bu önlemler, serebellar doku 6, 20, 21, tanımlı bir lobülün içinde molekül (Purkinje hücresi, dendritik mili uzunluğu olarak tanımlanır) tabaka kalınlığı ve Purkinje hücresi soma sayımları değerlendirerek serebellar hücre mimarisini bir immünopatolojik değerlendirilmesi ile takviye edilmiştir. Burada metabolik hedeflenen suda çözünür bileşikler ile tespiti ve mitokondriyal disfonksiyon tedavisi için çok sayıda nöropatolojik ve davranışsal yöntemler sunuyoruz. Biz SCA1 tran mitokondriyal disfonksiyon analiz mitokondriyal solunum ex vivo analiz kullanmaksgenic fare. Ayrıca, hastalık semptomları ve patolojisi daha SCA1, hastalığın ilerlemesine mitokondriyal fonksiyon bozukluğu karıştığı, suda çözünür mitokondriyal güçlendirici süksinik asit ile geliştirilmiş olduğunu göstermektedir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Adenosine diphosphate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>A2754</td><td>ADP</td></tr><tr><td>Ascorbate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>A7631</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine serum albumin</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>A2153</td><td>BSA</td></tr><tr><td>4&#039;,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>D9542</td><td>DAPI</td></tr><tr><td>Digitonin</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>D141</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dithiothreitol</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>D0632</td><td>DTT</td></tr><tr><td>Donkey serum</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>D9663</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glutamate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>1446600</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Malate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>6994</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mannitol</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>M4125</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paraformaldehyde</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>P6148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium-lactobionate</td><td>Bio-Sugars</td><td>69313-67-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotenone</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>R8875</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Saponin</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>47036</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Succinic Acid</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>S3674</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;N,N,N&amp;prime;,N&amp;prime;&lt;/em&gt;-Tetramethyl-&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-phenylenediamine</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>T7394</td><td>TMPD</td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>T9284</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urea</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>U0631</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vectashield mounting medium</td><td>Vector Labs</td><td>H-1000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Antibodies&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11NQ antibody (anti-ataxin-1 )</td><td></td><td></td><td>Servadio, &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 1995, PMID: 7647801</td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse secondary antibody</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A-11015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rabbit secondary antibody</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A-11012</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calbindin antibody (goat)</td><td>Santa Cruz</td><td>C-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Animals&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Control transgenic mice</td><td>Harry Orr, Ph.D.</td><td>A02</td><td>Burright, &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 1997, PMID: 9217978</td></tr><tr><td>SCA1 mice</td><td>Harry Orr, Ph.D.</td><td>B05</td><td>Burright, &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 1997, PMID: 9217978</td></tr><tr><td>Wildtype mice</td><td>The Jackson Laboratory</td><td>001800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ESM-100L microtome</td><td>ERMA</td><td></td><td>Sledge microtome</td></tr><tr><td>Fluoview FV1200 Confocal Microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glycerol-gelatin slides</td><td>FD Neuro Technologies</td><td>PO101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hamilton syringe</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>VCAT 80465</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>OXYT1 Oxytherm Electrode Control Unit</td><td>Hansatech Instruments</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>P.T.F.E. paper</td><td>Cole-Parmer</td><td>UX-08277-15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotallion Rotarod</td><td>PPP&amp;amp;G</td><td></td><td>contact corresponding author for information</td></tr><tr><td>Ultimate 3000 HPLC</td><td>Dionex</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Software&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ImageJ</td><td>National Institute of Health</td><td></td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/&quot;&gt;http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Cell counter plugin (for ImageJ)</td><td>National Institute of Health</td><td></td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/cell-counter.html&quot;&gt;http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/cell-counter.html&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>3P&amp;amp;G Rota-Rod v3.3.3 (rotarod software)</td><td>PPP&amp;amp;G</td><td></td><td>contact corresponding author for information</td></tr><tr><td>Phidget21.dll (required for rotarod software)</td><td>DLL-Files.com</td><td></td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dll-files.com/phidget21.dll.html&quot;&gt;https://www.dll-files.com/phidget21.dll.html&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table>

treating sca1 mice with water-soluble compounds to non-specifically boost mitochondrial function

Mitokondriyal disfonksiyon yaşlanma sürecinde ve birçok kalıtsal spinoserebellar ataksi ve beyincik ilerleyici dejenerasyonu ile işaretlenmiş diğer hareket bozukluklarının da dahil olmak üzere nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu protokolün amacı, Spinoserebellar ataksi tip 1 (SCA1) mitokondriyal disfonksiyon değerlendirilmesi ve hastalığın ilerlemesini yavaşlatmak için suda çözünür bir bileşik süksinik asit yoluyla metabolik solunum farmakolojik hedefleme etkinliğini değerlendirmektir. Bu yaklaşım, diğer serebellar hastalıklar için de geçerlidir ve suda çözülebilen tedavilerin bir konakçıya uyarlanabilir. Mitokondriyal solunumun ex vivo analiz algılar ve mitokondriyal fonksiyon hastalıkla ilişkili değişiklikleri ölçmek için kullanılır. Genetik delil (yayınlanmamış veri) ve SCA1 fare modelinde mitokondriyal disfonksiyon proteomik delil ile, suda çözünen metabolik güçlendirici s ile tedavinin etkinliğini değerlendirmekev kafes içme suyu doğrudan bu bileşiği çözülerek uccinic asit elde edildi. kan-beyin bariyerini geçmek ilacın özelliği, yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) kullanılarak çıkarılabilir. Bu bileşiklerin etkinliği daha sonra hızlanan totarod, Denge testi ve ayak izi analizi de dahil olmak üzere çok sayıda davranış paradigmalar kullanılarak test edilebilir. Serebellumun Cytoarchitectural bütünlüğü Purkinje hücresi çekirdek ve Purkinje hücresi dendrit ve soma tespit imüno-flüoresan deneyleri kullanılarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu yöntemler, mitokondriyal disfonksiyon ve serebellar nörodejeneratif hastalık suda çözünür bileşikler ile tedavinin etkinliğini belirlemek için güçlü bir tekniktir.

süksinik asit ile serebellar mitokondri farmakolojik hedefleme sayesinde serebellar nörodejeneratif hastalık SCA1 bir fare modelinde mitokondriyal disfonksiyon önlemek edebiliyoruz. Suksinat dehidrojenaz, süksinik asit, kanonik elektron verici işleme (Şekil 1A), aşağıdaki tedavi ve nöropatolojik değerlendirme ikinci haftasında davranışsal değerlendirme başlangıcı ile, bir ay SCA1 farelerin ev kafes içme suyu içinde çözülmüştür....

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function at JoVE.com

Mitokondriyal Fonksiyonu Spesifik Olmayan Şekilde Artırmak için SCA1 Farelerinin Suda Çözünür Bileşiklerle Tedavi Edilmesi | Tıp | Video

Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

We present a biochemical and behavioral protocol to evaluate the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted water-soluble compounds for the treatment of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and other cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases.

suda çözünür Bileşikleri ile SCA1 Fare tedavisi, spesifik olmayan mitokondriyal fonksiyon Boost

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the aging process and in neurodegenerative diseases including several hereditary spinocerebellar ...

treating-sca1-mice-with-water-soluble-compounds-to-non-specifically

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10.5K Görüntüleme.  Skidmore College. We present a biochemical and behavioral protocol to evaluate the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted water-soluble compounds for the treatment of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and other cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases. 

Video: Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

This paper presents detailed methods on detecting hepatic mitochondrial function for a better understanding the cause of metabolic disorders caused by environmental organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in hepatocytes. HepG2 cells were exposed to &#946;-hexachlorocyclohexane (&#946;-HCH) for 24 h at an equivalent dose of internal exposure in general population. Ultrastructure in hepatocytes was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to show the damage of mitochondria. Mitochondrial function was further evaluated by mitochondrial fluorescence intensity, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HepG2 cells incubated with &#946;-HCH. The mitochondria fluorescence intensity after stained by mitochondrial green fluorescent probe was observed with a fluorescence microscopy. The luciferin-luciferase reaction was used to determine ATP levels. The MMP was detected by the cationic dye JC-1 and analyzed under flow cytometry. OCR was measured with an extracellular flux analyzer. In summary, these protocols were used in detecting mitochondrial function in hepatocytes with to investigate mitochondria damages.

Understanding the influence of environmental organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on mitochondrial function in hepatocytes is important in exploring the mechanism of OCPs causing metabolic disorders. This paper presents detailed methods on detecting hepatic mitochondrial function.

Organoklor Intarımlarına Maruz Kalan Hepatositlerde Mitokondriyal Fonksiyonun Saptanması Için Deneysel Protokol

This paper presents detailed methods on detecting hepatic mitochondrial function for a better understanding the cause of metabolic disorders caused by ...

Çevre

Hybrid Clear/Blue Native Electrophoresis for the Separation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes

Complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery form supramolecular protein arrangements named supercomplexes (SCs), which are believed to confer structural and functional advantages to mitochondria. SCs have been identified in many species, from yeast to mammal, and an increasing number of studies report disruption of their organization in genetic and acquired human diseases. As a result, an increasing number of laboratories are interested in analyzing SCs, which can be methodologically challenging. This article presents an optimized protocol that combines the advantages of Blue- and Clear-Native PAGE methods to resolve and analyze SCs in a time-effective manner. With this hybrid CN/BN-PAGE method, mitochondrial SCs extracted with optimal amounts of the mild detergent digitonin are exposed briefly to the anionic dye Coomassie Blue (CB) at the beginning of the electrophoresis, without exposure to other detergents. This short exposure to CB allows to separate and resolve SCs as effectively as with traditional BN-PAGE methods, while avoiding the negative impact of high CB levels on in-gel activity assays, and labile protein-protein interactions within SCs. With this protocol it is thus possible to combine precise and rapid in gel activity measurements with analytical techniques involving 2D electrophoresis, immuno-detection, and/or proteomics for advanced analysis of SCs.

Here we present a protocol to extract, resolve and identify mitochondrial supercomplexes which minimizes exposure to detergents and Coomassie Blue. This protocol offers an optimal balance between resolution, and preservation of enzyme activities, while minimizing the risk of losing labile protein-protein interactions.

Mitokondriyal solunum zinciri Süperkompleksleri ayrımı ve analizi için hibrid Clear/mavi yerli Elektroforez

Complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery form supramolecular protein arrangements named supercomplexes (SCs), which are believed to confer ...

Biyokimya

Application of Chronic Stimulation to Study Contractile Activity-induced Rat Skeletal Muscle Phenotypic Adaptations

Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue, as its biochemical and physiological properties are greatly altered in response to chronic exercise. To investigate the underlying mechanisms that bring about various muscle adaptations, a number of exercise protocols such as treadmill, wheel running, and swimming exercise have been used in the animal studies. However, these exercise models require a long period of time to achieve muscle adaptations, which may be also regulated by humoral or neurological factors, thus limiting their applications in studying the muscle-specific contraction-induced adaptations. Indirect low frequency stimulation (10 Hz) to induce chronic contractile activity (CCA) has been used as an alternative model for exercise training, as it can successfully lead to muscle mitochondrial adaptations within 7 days, independent of systemic factors. This paper details the surgical techniques required to apply the treatment of CCA to the skeletal muscle of rats, for widespread application in future studies.

This protocol describes the use of the chronic contractile activity model of exercise to observe stimulation-induced skeletal muscle adaptations in the rat hindlimb.

Contractile fare faaliyet kaynaklı kas iskelet fenotipik uyarlamalar çalışmaya kronik stimulasyon uygulanması

Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue, as its biochemical and physiological properties are greatly altered in response to chronic exercise. To ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Exploring Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism of Single 3D Microtissue Spheroids Using Extracellular Flux Analysis

Three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates, termed spheroids, have become the forefront of in vitro cell culture in recent years. In contrast to culturing cells as two-dimensional, single-cell monolayers (2D culture), spheroid cell culture promotes, regulates, and supports physiological cellular architecture and characteristics that exist in vivo, including the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, cell signaling, gene expression, protein production, differentiation, and proliferation. The importance of 3D culture has been recognized in many research fields, including oncology, diabetes, stem cell biology, and tissue engineering. Over the last decade, improved methods have been developed to produce spheroids and assess their metabolic function and fate.
Extracellular flux (XF) analyzers have been used to explore mitochondrial function in 3D microtissues such as spheroids using either an XF24 islet capture plate or an XFe96 spheroid microplate. However, distinct protocols and the optimization of probing mitochondrial energy metabolism in spheroids using XF technology have not been described in detail. This paper provides detailed protocols for probing mitochondrial energy metabolism in single 3D spheroids using spheroid microplates with the XFe96 XF analyzer. Using different cancer cell lines, XF technology is demonstrated to be capable of distinguishing between cellular respiration in 3D spheroids of not only different sizes but also different volumes, cell numbers,&#160;DNA content and type.
The optimal mitochondrial effector compound concentrations of oligomycin, BAM15, rotenone, and antimycin A are used to probe specific parameters of mitochondrial energy metabolism in 3D spheroids. This paper also discusses methods to normalize data obtained from spheroids and addresses many considerations that should be considered when exploring spheroid metabolism using XF technology. This protocol will help drive research in advanced in vitro spheroid models.

These protocols will help users probe mitochondrial energy metabolism in 3D cancer cell-line-derived spheroids using Seahorse extracellular flux analysis.

Hücre Dışı Akı Analizi Kullanarak Tek 3D Mikrodoku Sferoidlerinin Mitokondriyal Enerji Metabolizmasını Keşfetmek

Three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates, termed spheroids, have become the forefront of in vitro cell culture in recent years. In contrast to culturing ...

Kanser Araştırmaları

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral nerves accompanies several diseases associated with peripheral neuropathy, which can be triggered by multiple causes, including autoimmune diseases, diabetes, infections, inherited disorders, and tumors. Assessing mitochondrial function in mouse peripheral nerves can be challenging due to the small sample size, a limited number of mitochondria present in the tissue, and the presence of a myelin sheath. The technique described in this work minimizes these challenges by using a unique permeabilization protocol adapted from one used for muscle fibers, to assess sciatic nerve mitochondrial function instead of isolating the mitochondria from the tissue. By measuring fluorimetric reactive species production with Amplex Red/Peroxidase and comparing different mitochondrial substrates and inhibitors in saponin-permeabilized nerves, it was possible to detect mitochondrial respiratory states, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity of mitochondrial complexes simultaneously. Therefore, the method presented here offers advantages compared to the assessment of mitochondrial function by other techniques.

High-resolution respirometry coupled to fluorescence sensors determines mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The present protocol describes a technique to assess mitochondrial respiratory rates and ROS production in the permeabilized sciatic nerve.

Siyatik Sinirde Mitokondriyal Fonksiyonun Yüksek Rezolüsyonlu Respirometri ile Değerlendirilmesi

Mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral nerves accompanies several diseases associated with peripheral neuropathy, which can be triggered by multiple ...

Mitochondrial Transfer from Mouse Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Aged Mouse Oocytes

Due to the decline in the quantity and quality of oocytes related to age, the fertility of women over 35 years of age has declined sharply. The molecular mechanisms that maintain oocyte quality remain unclear, thus it is difficult to increase the birth rate of women over 35 years old at present. Oocytes contain more mitochondria than any type of cell in the body, and any mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to reduced oocyte quality. In the 1990s, oocyte cytoplasmic transfer resulted in great success in human reproduction but was accompanied by ethical controversies. Autologous mitochondrial transplantation is expected to be a useful technique to increase the quality of oocytes that have decreased due to age. In the present study, we used adipose-derived stem cells from aged mice as a mitochondria donor to increase the quality of oocytes of aged mice. Further development of autologous mitochondrial transfer technology will provide a new and effective treatment for infertility in aged women.

Here, we describe the isolation of mitochondria from mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and then transfer the mitochondria into aged mouse oocytes to improve the quality of the oocytes.

Due to the decline in the quantity and quality of oocytes related to age, the fertility of women over 35 years of age has declined sharply. The molecular ...

Süper Kompleks Analiz için Küçük Doku Örneklerinde Mitokondriyal Fraksiyonlama

Isolation of Mitochondria for Mitochondrial Supercomplex Analysis from Small Tissue and Cell Culture Samples

Over the last decades, the evidence accumulated about the existence of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) has changed our understanding of the mitochondrial electron transport chain organization, giving rise to the proposal of the "plasticity model." This model postulates the coexistence of different proportions of SCs and complexes depending on the tissue or the cellular metabolic status. The dynamic nature of the assembly in SCs would allow cells to optimize the use of available fuels and the efficiency of electron transfer, minimizing reactive oxygen species generation and favoring the ability of cells to adapt to environmental changes. 
More recently, abnormalities in SC assembly have been reported in different diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), Barth Syndrome, Leigh syndrome, or cancer. The role of SC assembly alterations in disease progression still needs to be confirmed. Nevertheless, the availability of enough amounts of samples to determine the SC assembly status is often a challenge. This happens with biopsy or tissue samples that are small or have to be divided for multiple analyses, with cell cultures that have slow growth or come from microfluidic devices, with some primary cultures or rare cells, or when the effect of particular costly treatments has to be analyzed (with nanoparticles, very expensive compounds, etc.). In these cases, an efficient and easy-to-apply method is required. This paper presents a method adapted to obtain enriched mitochondrial fractions from small amounts of cells or tissues to analyze the structure and function of mitochondrial SCs by native electrophoresis followed by in-gel activity assays or western blot.

Yazar Gündemi: Sağlık ve Hastalıkta Oksidatif Fosforilasyon Sistem Dinamiklerini ve Mitokondriyal Rolleri Ortaya Çıkarmak

This protocol describes a technique for the analysis of respiratory supercomplexes when only small amounts of samples are available.

Küçük Doku ve Hücre Kültürü Örneklerinden Mitokondriyal Süperkompleks Analizi için Mitokondri İzolasyonu 

Over the last decades, the evidence accumulated about the existence of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) has changed our understanding of the mitochondrial ...

A Screenable In Vivo Assay for Mitochondrial Modulators Using Transgenic Bioluminescent Caenorhabditis elegans

The multicellular model organism Caenorhabditis elegans is a small nematode of approximately 1 mm in size in adulthood that is genetically and experimentally tractable. It is economical and easy to culture and dispense in liquid medium which makes it well suited for medium-throughput screening. We have previously validated the use of transgenic luciferase expressing C. elegans strains to provide rapid in vivo assessment of the nematode&#8217;s ATP levels.1-3 Here we present the required materials and procedure to carry out bioassays with the bioluminescent C. elegans strains PE254 or PE255 (or any of their derivative strains). The protocol allows for in vivo detection of sublethal effects of drugs that may identify mitochondrial toxicity, as well as for in vivo detection of potential beneficial drug effects. Representative results are provided for the chemicals paraquat, rotenone, oxaloacetate and for four firefly luciferase inhibitory compounds. The methodology can be scaled up to provide a platform for screening drug libraries for compounds capable of modulating mitochondrial function. Pre-clinical evaluation of drug toxicity is often carried out on immortalized cancerous human cell lines which derive ATP mostly from glycolysis and are often tolerant of mitochondrial toxicants.4,5 In contrast, C. elegans depends on oxidative phosphorylation to sustain development into adulthood, drawing a parallel with humans and providing a unique opportunity for compound evaluation in the physiological context of a whole live multicellular organism.

A Screenable In Vivo Assay for Mitochondrial Modulators Using Transgenic Bioluminescent Caenorhabditis elegans

A protocol is described for in vivo detection of effects of mitochondrial inhibitors in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and for identification of potential enhancing compounds. This protocol can be used to screen drug libraries for compounds modulating mitochondrial function.

Bir taranabilir<em&gt; İn Vivo</em&gt; Transjenik biyolojik olarak ışık veren kullanarak Mitokondriyal Modülatörleri için tahlil<em&gt; Caenorhabditis elegans</em

suda çözünür Bileşikleri ile SCA1 Fare tedavisi, spesifik olmayan mitokondriyal fonksiyon Boost

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Bu videodaki bölümler

Organoklor Intarımlarına Maruz Kalan Hepatositlerde Mitokondriyal Fonksiyonun Saptanması Için Deneysel Protokol

Mitokondriyal solunum zinciri Süperkompleksleri ayrımı ve analizi için hibrid Clear/mavi yerli Elektroforez

Contractile fare faaliyet kaynaklı kas iskelet fenotipik uyarlamalar çalışmaya kronik stimulasyon uygulanması

Hücre Dışı Akı Analizi Kullanarak Tek 3D Mikrodoku Sferoidlerinin Mitokondriyal Enerji Metabolizmasını Keşfetmek

Siyatik Sinirde Mitokondriyal Fonksiyonun Yüksek Rezolüsyonlu Respirometri ile Değerlendirilmesi

Mitochondrial Transfer from Mouse Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Aged Mouse Oocytes

Küçük Doku ve Hücre Kültürü Örneklerinden Mitokondriyal Süperkompleks Analizi için Mitokondri İzolasyonu

Küçük Doku ve Hücre Kültürü Örneklerinden Mitokondriyal Süperkompleks Analizi için Mitokondri İzolasyonu

Küçük Doku ve Hücre Kültürü Örneklerinden Mitokondriyal Süperkompleks Analizi için Mitokondri İzolasyonu

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