Yazarlar biyoreaktör sağlamada yardımcı olan QuinXell Teknolojileri ve CellD, özellikle Lothar Grannemann Dominique Ghozlan kabul etmek istiyorum. Biz pullulan / dekstran polisakkarit iskeleleri ile bize sağladığı Catherine Le Visage, teşekkür ederim. Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği (ERC-2014-ağırlık merkezi projesi Matisse 648779) tarafından ve AgenceNationalede la Recherche (ANR), Fransa (MagStem proje ANR-11 SVSE5) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Manyetik Cihazların 1. İnşaat Not: Hücre ekimi için kullanılan cihazlar, uygulamaya bağlı olarak değişir (Şekil 1). Manyetik uçları (çapı 750 mm), çok ince olmalıdır, böylece agrega oluşturmak için, hücrelerin sayısı, 2.5 x 10 5 / agrega ile sınırlıdır. 1.8 cm 2/7 mm kalınlığında iskeleleri tohum için, mıknatısların daha büyük (Çapı 3 mm) olması gerekir ve skafold gözeneklerinin içinden hücre göçünü sağlayacaktır. <ol><li> Agregat oluşumu için mikro-mıknatıs olan bir cihaz yapımı (Şekil 1A) <ol><li> alüminyum plakalar içinden bir 0.8 mm matkap ile mikro-delikleri (3 cm çapında ve 6 mm kalınlığında) konur. </li><li> plakanın her deliğe, bir manyetik uç (çapı 750 mm) yerleştirin. </li><li> doygunluk manyetizasyonu sağlayan kalıcı bir neodim mıknatıs, üzerinde bu disketi yerleştirin. </li></ol></li><li> iskele tohumlama için bir cihazın İnşaat ( <strOng&gt; Şekil 1 B) <ol><li> 2.4 cm2 kareler halinde sert polistiren kesin. </li><li> 1.6 cm2 &#39;lik bir yüzey alanı üzerinde eşit mesafede 9, küçük mıknatıslar (çap 3 mm uzunluğunda ve 6 mm) takın. </li><li> Kalıcı neodim mıknatıs üzerinde bu cihazı yerleştirin. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Kök Hücre Etiketleme NOT: 30 dakika (5 ± 0.4 pg demir / hücre) tohum için 0.2 mM manyetik nano partiküller ile etiketlenmiştir Kök hücreleri, 30 dakika boyunca (2.6 ± 0.2 pg demir / hücre) agregatlar oluşturması için 0.1 mM manyetik nano partiküller ile etiketlenmiştir iskeleleri. Bu nanoparçacık konsantrasyonları ve inkübasyon süreleri, daha önce kullanılmış, MSC ve diğer hücreler 18, 19 için yayınlanan ve nanopartiküller ne hücre canlılığı veya MSC farklılaşma kapasitesi etkilenmiş olduğu tespit edilmiştir edilmiştir. kök hücre ile bu buluşa katılan demir kütlesi tek ce ile ölçüldüII magnetophoresis 19, 20. <ol><li> Civarındaki kadar 37 ° C&#39;de ve% 5 CO2 seviyesinde tam mezenkimal kök hücre büyüme ortamı (MSCGM) Kültür mezenkimal kök hücreler (MSC) (~% 90) birbirine kaynaşma seviyesine kadar. </li><li> Glutaminsiz Roswell Park Memorial Institute (Kan numuneleri) modifiye edilmiş serumsuz McCoy&#39;un 5A ortamında ve 5 ihtiva eden: 0.1 ya da 0.2 mM maghemit sitrat-kaplı demir oksit (8 nm çapında ana γFe 2 O 3) karıştırılması ile, manyetik işaretleme çözeltisi hazırlayın mM sodyum sitrat. </li><li> , Orta atın glutamin içermeyen serumsuz RPMI ortamı ile hücrelerin durulama ve 150 cm2&#39;lik kültür şişesi, tüm hücreleri karşılamak için gerekli olan minimum hacim başına demir oksit nanopartiküllerinin çözeltisi 10 ml. </li><li> 37 ° C&#39;de 30 dakika karıştırıldı ve% 5 CO2 inkübe edin ve daha sonra nanoparçacık solüsyonu atın. nan içselleştirme glutamin içermeyen serumsuz RPMI ortamı 5 dakika boyunca durulamaoparticles hala plazma membranına bağlı. </li><li> RPMI ortamı atılır ve kap başına tam MSCGM ortamı 25 ml. 37 ° C&#39;de gece boyunca inkübe edilir ve% 5 CO2. </li></ol> 3. Manyetik Hücre Ekme <ol><li> Taze 50 uM L-askorbik asit 2-fosfat, 0.1 uM deksametazon, 1 mM sodyum piruvat, 0.35 mM L-prolin,% 1 evrensel kültürü eklenerek Dulbecco Modifiye Eagle Ortamı (DMEM), L-glutamin ile, yüksek glukoz kullanılarak kondrojenik ortamı hazırlamak insülin, insan transferrin ve selenik asit (ITS-karışımlar) ve 10 ng / ml, transforme edici büyüme faktörü-beta 3 (TGF-β3) içeren ek. </li><li> 5 dakika boyunca 260 x g&#39;de% 0.05 150 cm2&#39;lik kültür şişesi başına tripsin-EDTA ve santrifüj ayrışmış hücreleri 8 mL kullanılarak manyetik hücre ayırın. orta aspire ve yeniden süspansiyon haline hücreleri sayın. </li><li> Her iki manyetik cihazların üstünde bir cam tabanlı hücre kültürü Petri kabı (35 mm) yerleştirin. </li><li> magnetically agrega başı (yatırılabilir 16 agrega kadar) 2.5 x 10 5 etiketli hücreler ihtiva eden mümkün olan en küçük bir hacmi (en fazla 8 uL) yatırma yavaşça Petri kabı kondrojenik orta 3 mL ekleyin ve agregatlar oluştururlar. Bu sferoidler oluşmasına izin vererek, taşımadan 20-30 dakika süreyle Petri kabı bırakın ve daha sonra 37 ° C&#39;de ve% 5 CO2 inkübatörü içinde, 16 agrega içeren Petri kabı da dahil olmak üzere, komple bir cihaz yerleştirin. </li><li> Form kontrolü agrega aynı protokolü takip ve TGF-p3 olmadan kondrojenik ortamla tam orta yerine. <ol><li> 3D toplam yapı üretmek 8 çiftleri oluştururlar ve füzyon başlatmak için günde 8 temas eden 2 agrega yerleştirin. Gün 11, 4 dördüz oluşturmak üzere 2 çift durumlar birleştirme. Son olarak, nihai bir yapı elde etmek günde 15 4 dördüz kaynaştırmak. </li><li> Aynı zamanda, x 10 5 2.5 santrifüjleme ile bir araya toplanırlar 260 ° kök hücreleri etiketli15; ya da TGF-p3 olmadan kondrojenik ortamın 1.5 mL, 15 ml tüpler içinde 5 dakika boyunca gr (numune ve kontrol için, sırasıyla). </li></ol></li><li> Tohum iskeleleri manyetik olarak için, bir Petri kutusu içine her kurutuldu iskele yerleştirin. Pullulan / dekstran 21 yapılmış polisakarit gözenekli iskeleleri kullanın. Her bir yapı iskelesi için, TGF-p3 olmadan kondrojenik ortamın 350 uL 2 x 10 6 etiketli kök hücreleri sulandırmak ve dikkatli bir şekilde bir yapı iskeleti içine hücreleri pipetle. <ol><li> iskele içinde tam hücre penetrasyonu imkan vermek için 37 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca inkübe edin ve daha sonra yavaşça veya Petri kabı (sırasıyla numune ya da kontrol için,), TGF-p3 olmadan kondrojenik orta 3 ml. </li><li> Iskele gözenekler ve sınırlandırılması yolu ile hücre göçü için izin vermek üzere 2 ila 4 gün boyunca CO, 37 ° C&#39;de, manyetik cihazda cellularized iskele inkübe ve% 5. </li></ol></li><li> Aynı zamanda, özellıklerı tohum 2 x 10 6 </s&gt; Yukarı etiketli kök hücreler aynı yöntemi izleyerek ve pozitif kontroller olarak eşit seri başı iskeleleri elde etmek mıknatıs olmadan inkübe edin. </li></ol> Kondrositlere 4. Farklılaşma NOT: 4 günlük kuluçkadan sonra, mıknatıslar kaldırıp kondrojenik olgunlaşmasını ya bir Petri kabı (statik koşullar) veya bir biyoreaktör (dinamik koşullar) içinde devam ediyor. Negatif kontrol numuneleri TGF-p3 olmadan kondrojenik ortamla statik koşullarda olgunlaştırılır. <ol><li> Statik koşullarda, aynı Petri kabındaki cellularized iskele veya agrega tutun. 21 gün boyunca haftada iki kez kondrojenik orta değiştirin. </li><li> Dinamik koşullarda, biyoreaktör hazırlayın. <ol><li> üreticinin protokolüne uygun olarak uygun uzunlukta silikon tüp kesin. </li><li> 500 ml&#39;lik kültür odası, boru, 2-yollu rotatorlar ve kafesler: tüm malzemeleri otoklava. </li><li> steril microbio içine biyoreaktör parçaları yerleştirinMantıksal güvenlik istasyonu. Üreticinin talimatlarını takip 2 yönlü rotatörlerde ve kültür odasına boru bağlayın. </li><li> Dikkatle steril bir spatula kullanılarak sterilize kafeslerin içine cellularized iskele aktarın. kafes başına 2 iskeleleri yerleştirin. kafesleri hazır olduğunda, daha fazla rotasyon sırasında hareket onları tutmak için kapağın iğne içine yerleştirin. kondrojenik ortam ile kültür odası doldurun ve kafesleri içeren kapak ile kapatın. </li></ol></li><li> kondrojenik ortamla boru doldurmak için ve hava kabarcıklarını yok etmek için peristaltik pompa açın. </li><li> Yerleştirin ve biyoreaktör motora doldurulur odasını güvenceye ve kolun ve odanın her iki rotasyonları kontrol eden bilgisayar, açın. </li><li> kol ve bölme her iki dakika başına 5 dönüş (rpm) bir dönme hızı uygulanır. cellularized iskelelerinin sürekli beslenmesi için 10 rpm&#39;de bir akış hızında peristaltik pompa ayarlayın. </li></ol> Not: RNA ekstraksiyonu önce, bir enzimatik solüsyon ile iskeleleri sindirimi. <ol><li> pululanaz, 100 uL (40 U / mL) ve serum içermeyen DMEM ortamı 850 mL dekstranaz 50 uL (60 mg / ml) eklenerek enzimatik solüsyon 1 mL hazırlayın. </li><li> Serum içermeyen DMEM ortamı ile iki kez iskeleleri durulayın orta atmak ve iskele başına enzimatik çözeltisinin 800 uL ekleyin. , hafifçe çalkalanarak 37 ° C&#39;de 15-30 dakika süreyle inkübe edilir. </li><li> iskele tamamen çözülür, dikkatli bir şekilde orta aspire, 10 dakika boyunca 300 x g &#39;de bir 1,5-ml tüp hücreleri ihtiva eden çözelti, santrifüj transferi x 1 steril fosfat-tamponlu tuzlu su (PBS), santrifüj ile iki kez durulama 300 x g&#39;de 10 dakika ve RNA izolasyon çözeltisi içinde hücreler yeniden askıya. </li><li> , Agrega RNA çıkarmak RNA izolasyonu çözeltisi içinde sferoidler yerleştirmek için veTamamen RNA ekstraksiyonu yapılmadan önce bir homojenleştirici kullanarak ezmek. </li><li> Üreticinin talimatlarına uygun olarak, toplam RNA ekstraksiyonu için bir kit kullanılarak RNA izole edilir. </li><li> DNTP karışımı 1 uL (10 mM), 40 U / ml RNaz inhibitör rastgele primerler 250 ng kullanılarak, üreticinin talimatlarına uygun olarak, ters transkriptaz kullanılarak toplam RNA 400 ng tamamlayıcı DNA sentez; reaksiyonun nihai hacmi, 20 uL&#39;dir. Reaksiyonun sonunda, 100 uL nihai hacim elde etmek üzere damıtılmış su 80 uL ekleyin. </li><li> kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) için, 10 x seyreltildi cDNA ile, örneğin agrekan (AGC) ve kolajen II&#39;ye (Col II) ilgi konusu genlerin, göreceli ifade miktarını belirlemek için bir floresan madde içeren bir PCR karışımı kullanılır. referans gen ribozomal protein, büyük, P0 (RPLP0) ile gen ekspresyonunun seviyelerini normalize. AACT formülü - 2 ile hesaplamalar gerçekleştirin, AACT = ACt farklı durumun burada - Kontrol koşulu ACt anlamına gelir ve her bir ACt ilgi konusu genin, CT temsil eder - referans gen (RPLP0) arasında CT. </li><li> ortalama değerler ortalama (SEM) ± standart hata olarak istatistiksel ölçümleri belirler. n ≥ 2 bağımsız deneylerle analizi gerçekleştirin. santrifüj edilmiş peletler ve manyetik füzyonları (* p &lt;0.05) arasında istatistiki farklılıklarını analiz etmek için, Student t-testi kullanın. Kontrol skafold farklı yapı iskeleleri arasında istatistiksel farklılıkları (* p &lt;0.05) analiz etmek için bir Kruskal-Wallis testi (tek yönlü ANOVA parametrik olmayan) ile önem belirler. </li></ol> 6. Histolojik Analiz <ol><li> Steril 1 x PBS ile cellularized iskeleleri veya agregaların durulayın, oda sıcaklığında 1 saat için% 10 formalin çözeltisi içinde çözmek ve 1 x PBS ile yıkayın. </li><li> , PBS çıkarın optimum kesmeye örnekleri gömmekg sıcaklık bileşiği (OCT), ve sıvı azot içine daldırılmış bir izopentan küveti içinde dondurulur. -20 ° C&#39;de örnek saklayın. agregatlar veya cellularized İskele 12 um 8 mikron cryosections elde etmek için bir kriyostat ile örnekleri kesilir. </li><li> tolüen kullanılarak açıklık,% 100 etanol ile dehidre musluk suyu ile durulayın, 2 dakika süre ile% 0.5 toluidin mavisi çözeltisi ile cryosections Leke ve ışık mikroskopi için bir montaj ortamı ile montaj slaydları. </li></ol>

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H., Hur, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scaffold-free+formation+of+a+millimeter-scale+multicellular+spheroid+with+an+internal+cavity+from+magnetically+levitated+3T3+cells+that+ingested+iron+oxide-containing+microspheres.">Scaffold-free formation of a millimeter-scale multicellular spheroid with an internal cavity from magnetically levitated 3T3 cells that ingested iron oxide-containing microspheres.</a> Biotechnol Bioeng. 111 (5), 1038-1047 (2014).</li><li>Mattix, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+magnetic+cellular+spheroids+as+building+blocks+for+tissue+engineering.">Biological magnetic cellular spheroids as building blocks for tissue engineering.</a> Acta Biomaterialia. 10 (2), 623-629 (2014).</li><li>Mazuel, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Massive+Intracellular+Biodegradation+of+Iron+Oxide+Nanoparticles+Evidenced+Magnetically+at+Single-Endosome+and+Tissue+Levels.">Massive Intracellular Biodegradation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Evidenced Magnetically at Single-Endosome and Tissue Levels.</a> ACS Nano. 10 (8), 7627-7638 (2016).</li><li>Kim, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+generation+of+spheroids+using+magnetic+nanoparticles+for+three-dimensional+cell+culture.">High-throughput generation of spheroids using magnetic nanoparticles for three-dimensional cell culture.</a> Biomaterials. 34 (34), 8555-8563 (2013).</li><li>Shimizu, K., Ito, A., Honda, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+cell-seeding+into+3D+porous+scaffolds+by+use+of+magnetite+nanoparticles.">Enhanced cell-seeding into 3D porous scaffolds by use of magnetite nanoparticles.</a> J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 77 (2), 265-272 (2006).</li><li>Sensenig, R., Sapir, Y., MacDonald, C., Cohen, S., Polyak, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic+nanoparticle-based+approaches+to+locally+target+therapy+and+enhance+tissue+regeneration+in+vivo.">Magnetic nanoparticle-based approaches to locally target therapy and enhance tissue regeneration in vivo.</a> Nanomedicine (Lond). 7 (9), 1425-1442 (2012).</li><li>Waldman, S. D., Couto, D. C., Grynpas, M. D., Pilliar, R. M., Kandel, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-axial+mechanical+stimulation+of+tissue+engineered+cartilage:+review.">Multi-axial mechanical stimulation of tissue engineered cartilage: review.</a> Eur Cell Mater. 13, 66-74 (2007).</li><li>Takahashi, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compressive+force+promotes+sox9,+type+II+collagen+and+aggrecan+and+inhibits+IL-1beta+expression+resulting+in+chondrogenesis+in+mouse+embryonic+limb+bud+mesenchymal+cells.">Compressive force promotes sox9, type II collagen and aggrecan and inhibits IL-1beta expression resulting in chondrogenesis in mouse embryonic limb bud mesenchymal cells.</a> J Cell Sci. 111 (14), 2067-2076 (1998).</li><li>Campbell, J. J., Lee, D. A., Bader, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+compressive+strain+influences+chondrogenic+gene+expression+in+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Dynamic compressive strain influences chondrogenic gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Biorheology. 43, 455-470 (2006).</li><li>Vunjak-Novakovic, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioreactor+cultivation+conditions+modulate+the+composition+and+mechanical+properties+of+tissue-engineered+cartilage.">Bioreactor cultivation conditions modulate the composition and mechanical properties of tissue-engineered cartilage.</a> J Orthop Res. 17 (1), 130-138 (1999).</li></ol>

Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Burada sunulan teknikler manyetik nanopartiküllerin içselleştirilmesi güvenmek çünkü hücrelerin içinde lokalize bir kez Birincisi, bir önemli konu nanopartiküllerin sonucudur. Demir nanopartikullerin potansiyel toksisite veya maruz kalma 19, 22 boyutları, kaplama ve zamana bağlı olarak bozulmuş farklılaşma kapasitesi tetikleyebilir doğrudur. Kapsüllenmiş demir nanopartiküllerin magnetoferritin şeklinde, biyolojik manyetik nano parçacık <s...

Manyetik nanopartiküller zaten manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRI) için kontrast ajanları olarak klinikte kullanılmaktadır ve bunların tedavi edici uygulamalar genişleyen tutun. Örneğin, son zamanlarda etiketli hücreler implantasyonu, 1, 2, 3 ve belirlenen bir alanda bir dış manyetik alan kullanılarak in vivo olarak manipüle edilebilir ve yönlendirilebilir ve / veya muhafaza gösterilmiştir. Rejeneratif tıpta, vasküler dokuda 5, 6, 7, kemik 8 ve kıkırdak 9 içeren in vitro 4 organize dokular, mühendislikten geçirilmesi için de kullanılabilir. Eklem kıkırdağı zarar meydana geldiğinde çok sınırlı bir hücre dışı matris bileşenlerinin tamiratlar, avasküler bir ortamda batırılır. Bu nedenle, Araştırma, Forh anda anzasının bulunduğu yere implante edilebilir hyalin kıkırdak değiştirmeleri mühendisliği odaklanmıştır. Diğer kondrosit 12, 13 içine ayırt etmek mezenkimal kök hücreler (MSC) kapasitesini vurgulamak sırasında bir otolog değiştirme üretmek için, bir araştırma grupları, bir hücre kaynağı 10, 11 otolog kondrositlerin kullanılmasını araştırmaktadır. Onların kemik iliği örneklemesi oldukça basittir ve bunların fenotipi 14 kaybetme riski sağlıklı kondrosit kurbanını gerektirmez burada değinmeyecek önceki çalışmalarda, biz, MSC seçildi. Kök hücrelerin kondrojenik farklılaşma başlatılması için gerekli erken adım onların yoğunlaşma olduğunu. Hücre kümeleri genellikle santrifüj veya mikrokütle kültürü 15 kullanılarak oluşturulur; Bununla birlikte, bu yoğunlaştırma yöntemleri neither kalın iskeleler de agrega füzyon kontrol etmek için potansiyeli olan, hücre kümeleri oluşturmak için potansiyel göstermektedir. Bu makalede, MSC manyetik etiketleme ve manyetik cazibe kullanarak kök hücrelerin yoğuşmalı için yenilikçi bir yaklaşım açıklar. Bu teknik, bir milimetre çaplı kıkırdak doku 9 elde etmek üzere bir diğeri ile agrega füzyon yoluyla iskele-3D yapıları oluşturmak üzere kanıtlanmıştır. kalın ve büyük yapı iskeleleri manyetik tohumlama da işlenmiş doku boyutunu artırmak implantasyon için daha kolay bir şekilde faydalı olan bir şekil tasarımı ve kıkırdak tamir klinik uygulamalar için potansiyel çeşitlendirilmesi olasılığını sağlamıştır. Burada, doğal polisakaritler, pullulan ve dekstran oluşan gözenekli yapı iskeleleri içine MSC manyetik tohumlama için ayrıntılarıyla protokolü, iskeleler, daha önce kök hücreleri 16, 17 sınırlandırmak için kullanılmaktadır. Kondrojenik farklılaşma finall olduy hücrelerin yüksek yoğunluğa sahip tohumlanmış iskelesinin matris çekirdek içine sürekli besin ve gaz yayılmasını sağlamak için bir biyo-reaktörde gerçekleştirilmiştir. hücrelere besin, kondrojenik büyüme faktörleri ve gaz sağlamanın yanı sıra, biyoreaktör mekanik stimülasyonu sundu. Genel olarak, bir biyo-reaktör içinde dinamik olgunlaşma ile birlikte kök hücreleri sınırlandırmak için kullanılan manyetik teknolojisi, belirgin kondrojenik farklılaşma artırabilir.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Iron&#160; oxide (maghemite) nanoparticules ( &#947;-Fe2O3)</td>
			<td>PHENIX - University Paris 6</td>
			<td>Made and given by C. M&#233;nager</td>
			<td>Mean diameter of 8.1 nm and negative surface charge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polysaccharide Pullulan/Dextran scaffolds</td>
			<td>LIOAD - University Nantes</td>
			<td>Made and given by C. Le Visage</td>
			<td>Prepared from a 75:25 mixture of pullulan/dextran in alkaline conditions (10M NaOH). Porosity: 185-205&#181;m; Thickness: 7mm; Surface area: 1.8cm2.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TisXell Regeneration System</td>
			<td>QuinXell Technologies</td>
			<td>QX900-002</td>
			<td>Biaxial bioreactor with 500 mL culture chamber&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cage for scaffolds: Histosette II M492&#160;</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>720-0909</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>PT-2501</td>
			<td>Three independant batches have been used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MSCGM BulletKit medium</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>PT-3001</td>
			<td>For the complete medium, add the provided BulletKit (containing serum, glutamine and antibiotics) to the MSCGM medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM with Glutamax I</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>31966-021</td>
			<td>No sodium pyruvate, no HEPES</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI medium 1640, no Glutamine</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>31870-025</td>
			<td>No sodium pyruvate, no HEPES</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS w/o CaCl2 w/o MgCl2</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>14190-094</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.05% Trypsin-EDTA (1x)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25300-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin (10.000U/mL)/Streptomicin (10.000&#181;g/mL)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ITS Premix Universal Culture Supplement (20x)</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354352</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pyruvate solution 100mM</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S8636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Ascorbic Acid 2-phosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A8960</td>
			<td>Prepare the concentrated solution (25 mM) in distilled water extemporaneously</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Proline</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P5607</td>
			<td>Prepare the 175 mM stock solution diluted in distilled water and store at 4&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D4902</td>
			<td>Prepare the 1 mM stock solution diluted in Ethanol 100% and store at -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TGF-beta 3 protein 10&#181;g</td>
			<td>Interchim</td>
			<td>30R-AT028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tri-sodium citrate</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>33615.268</td>
			<td>Prepare the 1M stock solution diluted in distilled water and store at 4&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pullulanase from Bacillus acidopullulyticus</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P2986</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextranase from Chaetomium erraticum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D0443</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NucleoSpin RNA Extraction Kit</td>
			<td>Macherey-Nagel</td>
			<td>740955.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SuperScript II Reverse Transcriptase</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>18064-014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Random Primer - Hexamer&#160;</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>C1181</td>
			<td>500 &#181;g/mL: Use diluted 1/2 and put 1 &#181;L per sample</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant RNAsin ribonuclease inhibitor</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>N2511</td>
			<td>40 U/&#181;L: put 1 &#181;L per sample</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR nucleotide dNTP mix (10mM each)</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10842321</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SyBr Green PCR Master Mix</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>4368708</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Step One Plus Real-Time PCR System</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>4381792</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formalin solution 10% neutral buffered</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>HT5012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCT solution</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>361603E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopentane</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M32631</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluidine blue O</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>1.15930.0025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol absolute</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>20821.310</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluene</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>1.08323.1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting medium Pertex</td>
			<td>Histolab</td>
			<td>840</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPLP0 Primer for qPCR</td>
			<td>Eurogentec</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5&#39;-TGCATCAGTAC 
			CCCATTCTATCAT-3&#39; ; 
			5&#39;-AAGGTGTAATC 
			CGTCTCCACAGA-3&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aggrecan Primer for qPCR</td>
			<td>Eurogentec</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5&#39;-TCTACCGCTGCGAGGTGAT-3&#39; ; 3&#39;-TGTAATGGAACACGATGCCTTT-5&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen II Primer for qPCR</td>
			<td>Eurogentec</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5&#39;-ACTGGATTGACCCCAACCAA-3&#39; ; 3&#39;-TCCATGTTGCAGAAAACCTTCA-5&#39;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

3d magnetic stem cell aggregation and bioreactor maturation for cartilage regeneration

Kıkırdak mühendislik, doğal dokusuna benzer bir in vitro fonksiyonel implant oluşturmada zorluklar nedeniyle bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Son zamanlarda otolog değiştirmeler geliştirilmesi için araştırdı bir yaklaşım kondrositlere kök hücrelerin farklılaşmasını içerir. Bu kondorjenez gereklidir kök hücre sıkıştırılması derecesi başlatmak için; Bu yüzden, hücre çekicilerin olarak minyatür bir manyetik alan kaynakları kullanılarak, kalın yapı iskeleleri ve iskele içermeyen içinde hem de manyetik olarak yoğunlaştırma hücrelerin uygulanabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu durum, manyetik yaklaşım, aynı zamanda, toplam füzyon kılavuz ve skafold içermeyen, organize oluşturmak için kullanılan, üç boyutlu (3D) boyut olarak birkaç milimetre dokular. gelişmiş bir boyuta sahip ek olarak, manyetik tahrikli füzyonuyla oluşturulan doku kolajen II ekspresyonunda önemli bir artış mevcuttur, ve benzer bir gelişme agrekan ifadesi için gözlemlendi. doğal kıkırdak kuvvetleri t tabi tutuldu olarakşapka onun 3D yapısını etkilemiş, dinamik olgunlaşma da yapıldı. mekanik uyaran sağlayan bir biyo-reaktör, 21 günlük bir süre boyunca kültüre manyetik ekildi iskeleleri kullanılmıştır. Biyoreaktör olgunlaşma ölçüde cellularized iskele içine kondrojenezi geliştirilmiş; Bu koşullar altında elde edilen hücre dışı matris, kolajen II ve agrekan zengin oldu. Bu çalışma, geliştirilmiş kondrojenik farklılaşması, her iki iskele içermeyen ve polisakarid iskeleleri için bir biyo-reaktör içinde etiketlenmiş kök hücrelerin manyetik yoğunlaştırılması ve dinamik olgunlaşma yenilikçi potansiyel özetlenmektedir.

İlk olarak, gruplar ayrı ayrı 2.5 x 10 5 etiketli kök hücreleri (Şekil 2A) biriktirilmesiyle mikro mıknatıslar kullanılarak oluşturulabilir. Bu tek agregalar (girişlerinin boyu yaklaşık olarak 0.8 mm), daha sonra ardışık manyetik indüklenen füzyon daha büyük yapılar sayesinde içine birleştirilebilir. Örneğin, kondrojenik olgunlaşma 8. günde, agrega çiftleri oluşturmak üzere çiftler halinde temas halinde yerleştirilmiştir; quadr...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about 3D Magnetic Stem Cell Aggregation and Bioreactor Maturation for Cartilage Regeneration at JoVE.com

3D Magnetic Stem Cell Aggregation and Bioreactor Maturation for Cartilage Regeneration

Kök hücrelerden kondrogenezis kültür koşulları ince ayar gerektirir. Burada, hücreleri yoğunlaştırmak için bir manyetik yaklaşım sunmak, önemli bir adım kondorjenez başlatmak için. Buna ek olarak, bir biyo-reaktör içinde dinamik olgunlaşma hücresel yapıların mekanik uyarma uygulanır ve kıkırdak hücre dışı matris üretimini artırdığını göstermektedir.

Kıkırdak Yenileme için 3D Manyetik Kök Hücre Toplama ve Biyoreaktör Olgunlaşma

Cartilage engineering remains a challenge due to the difficulties in creating an in vitro functional implant similar to the native tissue. An approach ...

3d-magnetic-stem-cell-aggregation-bioreactor-maturation-for-cartilage

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

9.7K Görüntüleme.  UMR 7057 CNRS and University Paris Diderot.  Kök hücrelerden kondrogenezis kültür koşulları ince ayar gerektirir. Burada, hücreleri yoğunlaştırmak için bir manyetik yaklaşım sunmak, önemli bir adım kondorjenez başlatmak için. Buna ek olarak, bir biyo-reaktör içinde dinamik olgunlaşma hücresel yapıların mekanik uyarma uygulanır ve kıkırdak hücre dışı matris üretimini artırdığını göstermektedir. 

Video: 3D Magnetic Stem Cell Aggregation and Bioreactor Maturation for Cartilage Regeneration

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) can be isolated in sufficient numbers from multiple tissues for purposes of skeletal tissue engineering1-3. PSCs are a FACS-sorted population of 'pericytes' (CD146+CD34-CD45-) and 'adventitial cells' (CD146-CD34+CD45-), each of which we have previously reported to have properties of mesenchymal stem cells. PSCs, like MSCs, are able to undergo osteogenic differentiation, as well as secrete pro-osteogenic cytokines1,2. In the present protocol, we demonstrate the osteogenicity of PSCs in several animal models including a muscle pouch implantation in SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice, a SCID mouse calvarial defect and a femoral segmental defect (FSD) in athymic rats. The thigh muscle pouch model is used to assess ectopic bone formation. Calvarial defects are centered on the parietal bone and are standardly 4 mm in diameter (critically sized)8. FSDs are bicortical and are stabilized with a polyethylene bar and K-wires4. The FSD described is also a critical size defect, which does not significantly heal on its own4. In contrast, if stem cells or growth factors are added to the defect site, significant bone regeneration can be appreciated. The overall goal of PSC xenografting is to demonstrate the osteogenic capability of this cell type in both ectopic and orthotopic bone regeneration models.

Human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) are a novel stem cell class for skeletal tissue regeneration similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PSCs can be isolated by FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting) from adipose tissue procured during standard liposuction procedures, then combined with an osteoinductive scaffold to achieve bone formation in vivo.

Kemik Rejenerasyon için İnsan perivasküler Kök Hücre kullanın

Human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) can be isolated in sufficient numbers from multiple tissues for purposes of skeletal tissue engineering1-3. PSCs are ...

Biyomühendislik

Alginate Microcapsule as a 3D Platform for Propagation and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC) to Different Lineages

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are emerging as an attractive alternative source for cell replacement therapy since they can be expanded in culture indefinitely and differentiated to any cell types in the body. Various types of biomaterials have also been used in stem cell cultures to provide a microenvironment mimicking the stem cell niche1-3. The latter is important for promoting cell-to-cell interaction, cell proliferation, and differentiation into specific lineages as well as tissue organization by providing a three-dimensional (3D) environment4 such as encapsulation. The principle of cell encapsulation involves entrapment of living cells within the confines of semi-permeable membranes in 3D cultures2. These membranes allow for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen and stimuli across the membranes, whereas antibodies and immune cells from the host that are larger than the capsule pore size are excluded5. Here, we present an approach to culture and differentiate hESC DA neurons in a 3D microenvironment using alginate microcapsules. We have modified the culture conditions2 to enhance the viability of encapsulated hESC. We have previously shown that the addition of p160-Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632 and human fetal fibroblast-conditioned serum replacement medium (hFF-CM) to the 3D platform significantly enhanced the viability of encapsulated hESC in which the cells expressed definitive endoderm marker genes1. We have now used this 3D platform for the propagation of hESC and efficient differentiation to DA neurons. Protein and gene expression analyses after the final stage of DA neuronal differentiation showed an increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for DA neurons, &gt;100 folds after 2 weeks. We hypothesized that our 3D platform using alginate microcapsules may be useful to study the proliferation and directed differentiation of hESC to various lineages. This 3D system also allows the separation of feeder cells from hESC during the process of differentiation and also has potential for immune-isolation during transplantation in the future.

Alginate Microcapsule as a 3D Platform for Propagation and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells hESC to Different Lineages

We have optimized a microencapsulation technique as an effective 3D platform for propagation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells to endoderm and dopaminergic (DA) neurons. It also provides an opportunity for immune-isolation of cells from the host during transplantation. This platform can be adapted for other cell types.

Farklı soy İnsan Embriyonik Kök Hücreleri (hESC) Yayılması ve Farklılaşma için 3D Platformu olarak aljinat Mikrokapsül

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are emerging as an attractive alternative source for cell replacement therapy since they can be expanded in culture ...

Preparation of 3D Fibrin Scaffolds for Stem Cell Culture Applications

Stem cells are found in naturally occurring 3D microenvironments in vivo, which are often referred to as the stem cell niche 1. Culturing stem cells inside of 3D biomaterial scaffolds provides a way to accurately mimic these microenvironments, providing an advantage over traditional 2D culture methods using polystyrene as well as a method for engineering replacement tissues 2. While 2D tissue culture polystrene has been used for the majority of cell culture experiments, 3D biomaterial scaffolds can more closely replicate the microenvironments found in vivo by enabling more accurate establishment of cell polarity in the environment and possessing biochemical and mechanical properties similar to soft tissue.3 A variety of naturally derived and synthetic biomaterial scaffolds have been investigated as 3D environments for supporting stem cell growth. While synthetic scaffolds can be synthesized to have a greater range of mechanical and chemical properties and often have greater reproducibility, natural biomaterials are often composed of proteins and polysaccharides found in the extracelluar matrix and as a result contain binding sites for cell adhesion and readily support cell culture. Fibrin scaffolds, produced by polymerizing the protein fibrinogen obtained from plasma, have been widely investigated for a variety of tissue engineering applications both in vitro and in vivo 4. Such scaffolds can be modified using a variety of methods to incorporate controlled release systems for delivering therapeutic factors 5. Previous work has shown that such scaffolds can be used to successfully culture embryonic stem cells and this scaffold-based culture system can be used to screen the effects of various growth factors on the differentiation of the stem cells seeded inside 6,7.
 This protocol details the process of polymerizing fibrin scaffolds from fibrinogen solutions using the enzymatic activity of thrombin. The process takes 2 days to complete, including an overnight dialysis step for the fibrinogen solution to remove citrates that inhibit polymerization. These detailed methods rely on fibrinogen concentrations determined to be optimal for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell culture. Other groups have further investigated fibrin scaffolds for a wide range of cell types and applications - demonstrating the versatility of this approach 8-12.

This work details the preparation of 3D fibrin scaffolds for culturing and differentiating plutipotent stem cells. Such scaffolds can be used to screen the effects of various biological compounds on stem cell behavior as well as modified to contain drug delivery systems.

3D Fibrin hazırlanması Kök Hücre Kültürü Uygulamaları için iskeleleri

Stem cells are found in naturally occurring 3D microenvironments in vivo, which are often referred to as the stem cell niche 1. Culturing stem cells ...

Nonhuman Primate Lung Decellularization and Recellularization Using a Specialized Large-organ Bioreactor

There are an insufficient number of lungs available to meet current and future organ transplantation needs. Bioartificial tissue regeneration is an attractive alternative to classic organ transplantation. This technology utilizes an organ&#39;s natural biological extracellular matrix (ECM) as a scaffold onto which autologous or stem/progenitor cells may be seeded and cultured in such a way that facilitates regeneration of the original tissue. The natural ECM is isolated by a process called decellularization. Decellularization is accomplished by treating tissues with a series of detergents, salts, and enzymes to achieve effective removal of cellular material while leaving the ECM intact. Studies conducted utilizing decellularization and subsequent recellularization of rodent lungs demonstrated marginal success in generating pulmonary-like tissue which is capable of gas exchange in vivo. While offering essential proof-of-concept, rodent models are not directly translatable to human use. Nonhuman primates (NHP) offer a more suitable model in which to investigate the use of bioartificial organ production for eventual clinical use.
The protocols for achieving complete decellularization of lungs acquired from the NHP rhesus macaque are presented. The resulting acellular lungs can be seeded with a variety of cells including mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells. The manuscript also describes the development of a bioreactor system in which cell-seeded macaque lungs can be cultured under conditions of mechanical stretch and strain provided by negative pressure ventilation as well as pulsatile perfusion through the vasculature; these forces are known to direct differentiation along pulmonary and endothelial lineages, respectively. Representative results of decellularization and cell seeding are provided.

Whole-organ decellularization produces natural biological scaffolds that may be used for regenerative medicine. The description of a nonhuman primate model of lung regeneration in which whole lungs are decellularized and then seeded with adult stem cells and endothelial cells in a bioreactor that facilitates vascular circulation and liquid media ventilation is presented.

There are an insufficient number of lungs available to meet current and future organ transplantation needs. Bioartificial tissue regeneration is an ...

Engineering 3D Cellularized Collagen Gels for Vascular Tissue Regeneration

Synthetic materials are known to initiate clinical complications such as inflammation, stenosis, and infections when implanted as vascular substitutes. Collagen has been extensively used for a wide range of biomedical applications and is considered a valid alternative to synthetic materials due to its inherent biocompatibility (i.e., low antigenicity, inflammation, and cytotoxic responses). However, the limited mechanical properties and the related low hand-ability of collagen gels have hampered their use as scaffold materials for vascular tissue engineering. Therefore, the rationale behind this work was first to engineer cellularized collagen gels into a tubular-shaped geometry and second to enhance smooth muscle cells driven reorganization of collagen matrix to obtain tissues stiff enough to be handled.
The strategy described here is based on the direct assembling of collagen and smooth muscle cells (construct) in a 3D cylindrical geometry with the use of a molding technique. This process requires a maturation period, during which the constructs are cultured in a bioreactor under static conditions (without applied external dynamic mechanical constraints) for 1 or 2 weeks. The &#8220;static bioreactor&#8221; provides a monitored and controlled sterile environment (pH, temperature, gas exchange, nutrient supply and waste removal) to the constructs. During culture period, thickness measurements were performed to evaluate the cells-driven remodeling of the collagen matrix, and glucose consumption and lactate production rates were measured to monitor the cells metabolic activity. Finally, mechanical and viscoelastic properties were assessed for the resulting tubular constructs. To this end, specific protocols and a focused know-how (manipulation, gripping, working in hydrated environment, and so on) were developed to characterize the engineered tissues.

In this work, we present a technique for the rapid fabrication of living vascular tissues by direct culturing of collagen, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In addition, a new protocol for the mechanical characterization of engineered vascular tissues is described.

Vasküler Doku Rejenerasyon için Mühendislik 3D cellularized Kollajen jeller

Synthetic materials are known to initiate clinical complications such as inflammation, stenosis, and infections when implanted as vascular substitutes. ...

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

Human articular cartilage is highly susceptible to damage and has limited self-repair and regeneration potential. Cell-based strategies to engineer cartilage tissue offer a promising solution to repair articular cartilage. To select the optimal cell source for tissue repair, it is important to develop an appropriate culture platform to systematically examine the biological and biomechanical differences in the tissue-engineered cartilage by different cell sources. Here we applied a three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic hydrogel culture platform to systematically examine cartilage regeneration potential of juvenile, adult, and osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes. The 3D biomimetic hydrogel consisted of synthetic component poly(ethylene glycol) and bioactive component chondroitin sulfate, which provides a physiologically relevant microenvironment for in vitro culture of chondrocytes. In addition, the scaffold may be potentially used for cell delivery for cartilage repair in vivo. Cartilage tissue engineered in the scaffold can be evaluated using quantitative gene expression, immunofluorescence staining, biochemical assays, and mechanical testing. Utilizing these outcomes, we were able to characterize the differential regenerative potential of chondrocytes of varying age, both at the gene expression level and in the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the engineered cartilage tissue. The 3D culture model could be applied to investigate the molecular and functional differences among chondrocytes and progenitor cells from different stages of normal or aberrant development.

Cartilage repair represents an unmet medical challenge and cell-based approaches to engineer human articular cartilage are a promising solution. Here, we describe three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic hydrogels as an ideal tool for the expansion and maturation of human articular chondrocytes.

Eklem Kondrosit Kültür ve Kıkırdak Üretimi için 3D hidrojel iskeleleri

Human articular cartilage is highly susceptible to damage and has limited self-repair and regeneration potential. Cell-based strategies to engineer ...

Using Adhesive Patterning to Construct 3D Paper Microfluidic Devices

We demonstrate the use of patterned aerosol adhesives to construct both planar and nonplanar 3D paper microfluidic devices. By spraying an aerosol adhesive through a metal stencil, the overall amount of adhesive used in assembling paper microfluidic devices can be significantly reduced. We show on a simple 4-layer planar paper microfluidic device that the optimal adhesive application technique and device construction style depends heavily on desired performance characteristics. By moderately increasing the overall area of a device, it is possible to dramatically decrease the wicking time and increase device success rates while also reducing the amount of adhesive required to keep the device together. Such adhesive application also causes the adhesive to form semi-permanent bonds instead of permanent bonds between paper layers, enabling single-use devices to be non-destructively disassembled after use. Nonplanar 3D origami devices also benefit from the semi-permanent bonds during folding, as it reduces the likelihood that unrelated faces may accidently stick together. Like planar devices, nonplanar structures see reduced wicking times with patterned adhesive application vs uniformly applied adhesive.

We demonstrate the use of patterned aerosol adhesives to construct 3D paper microfluidic devices. This method of adhesive application forms semi-permanent bonds between layers, enabling single-use devices to be non-destructively disassembled after use and to ease folding complex nonplanar structures.

3D Kağıt mikroakışkan Cihazlar Construct Yapışkan Desenlendirme kullanma

We demonstrate the use of patterned aerosol adhesives to construct both planar and nonplanar 3D paper microfluidic devices. By spraying an aerosol ...

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass based substrates, and hydrogel-based tube formation assays. These assays, while informative, do not recapitulate lumen geometry, proper extracellular matrix, and multi-cellular proximity, which play key roles in modulating vascular function. This manuscript describes an injection molding method to generate engineered vessels with diameters on the order of 100 &#181;m. Microvessels are fabricated by seeding endothelial cells in a microfluidic channel embedded within a native type I collagen hydrogel. By incorporating parenchymal cells within the collagen matrix prior to channel formation, specific tissue microenvironments can be modeled and studied. Additional modulations of hydrodynamic properties and media composition allow for control of complex vascular function within the desired microenvironment. This platform allows for the study of perivascular cell recruitment, blood-endothelium interactions, flow response, and tissue-microvascular interactions. Engineered microvessels offer the ability to isolate the influence from individual components of a vascular niche and precisely control its chemical, mechanical, and biological properties to study vascular biology in both health and disease.

This manuscript presents an injection molding method to engineer microvessels that recapitulate physiological properties of endothelium. The microfluidic-based process creates patent 3D vascular networks with tailorable conditions, such as flow, cellular composition, geometry, and biochemical gradients. The fabrication process and examples of potential applications are described.

Micropatterning ve 3D mikrodamarlar Meclisi

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass ...

Bioprinting of Cartilage and Skin Tissue Analogs Utilizing a Novel Passive Mixing Unit Technique for Bioink Precellularization

Bioprinting is a powerful technique for the rapid and reproducible fabrication of constructs for tissue engineering applications. In this study, both cartilage and skin analogs were fabricated after bioink pre-cellularization utilizing a novel passive mixing unit technique. This technique was developed with the aim to simplify the steps involved in the mixing of a cell suspension into a highly viscous bioink. The resolution of filaments deposited through bioprinting necessitates the assurance of uniformity in cell distribution prior to printing to avoid the deposition of regions without cells or retention of large cell clumps that can clog the needle. We demonstrate the ability to rapidly blend a cell suspension with a bioink prior to bioprinting of both cartilage and skin analogs. Both tissue analogs could be cultured for up to 4 weeks. Histological analysis demonstrated both cell viability and deposition of tissue specific extracellular matrix (ECM) markers such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen I respectively.

Cartilage and skin analogs were bioprinted using a nanocellulose-alginate based bioink. The bioinks were cellularized prior to printing via a single step passive mixing unit. The constructs were demonstrated to be uniformly cellularized, have high viability, and exhibit favorable markers of differentiation.

Bioprinting kıkırdak ve cilt doku analogları bir roman pasif birimi teknik Bioink Precellularization için karıştırma kullanmak

Bioprinting is a powerful technique for the rapid and reproducible fabrication of constructs for tissue engineering applications. In this study, both ...

Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics

Human embryonic stem cells demonstrate a unique ability to respond to morphogens in vitro by self-organizing patterns of cell fate specification that correspond to primary germ layer formation during embryogenesis. Thus, these cells represent a powerful tool with which to examine the mechanisms that drive early human development. We have developed a method to culture human embryonic stem cells in confined colonies on compliant substrates that provides control over both the geometry of the colonies and their mechanical environment in order to recapitulate the physical parameters that underlie embryogenesis. The key feature of this method is the ability to generate polyacrylamide hydrogels with defined patterns of extracellular matrix ligand at the surface to promote cell attachment. This is achieved by fabricating stencils with the desired geometric patterns, using these stencils to create patterns of extracellular matrix ligand on glass coverslips, and transferring these patterns to polyacrylamide hydrogels during polymerization. This method is also compatible with traction force microscopy, allowing the user to measure and map the distribution of cell-generated forces within the confined colonies. In combination with standard biochemical assays, these measurements can be used to examine the role mechanical cues play in fate specification and morphogenesis during early human development.

Extracellular matrix ligands can be patterned onto polyacrylamide hydrogels to enable the culture of human embryonic stem cells in confined colonies on compliant substrates. This method can be combined with traction force microscopy and biochemical assays to examine the interplay between tissue geometry, cell-generated forces, and fate specification.

Doku Seviyesi Mekaniğinin Kontrol Altına Almak İçin Uyumlu Yüzeylerde İnsan Embriyonik Kök Hücre Kolonilerinin Geometrisinin Desenlemi

Human embryonic stem cells demonstrate a unique ability to respond to morphogens in vitro by self-organizing patterns of cell fate specification that ...