The financial support by DFG (German research foundation, project CZ 55/30-1) for parts of this work is gratefully acknowledged.

1. Deneysel Kurulum Montaj <ol><li> Vücuda yakın tarafına hazırlanması <ol><li> Yerleştirin ve bir collimated ışık demeti sağlayan lazer düzeltmek - veya fiberin çıkış faset kolimasyon optik fiber birleştiğinde lazer kullanır. </li><li> referans ve nesne ışınına lazer ışını bölmek polarize ışın ayırıcı (PBS) koyun. Referans kiriş ve (uzak tarafında) nesne ışınının gücü kabaca aynı olana kadar montaj onun rotasyon hwp çevirerek yarım dalga plakaları (HWP) yönünü çevirin. referans ve nesne kiriş hem içine bir ekran koyarak bu kontrol edin. Referans ışınının kutuplaşma polarizasyon duyarlı uzaysal ışık modülatörü (SLM) sığacak şekilde PBS yönünü seçin. </li><li> İki kiriş içine referans ışını bölmek için referans ışınına bir ışın ayırıcı (BS) koyun. BS1 gelen bu iki profil, sırasıyla OM1 ve OM2 geçebilir optik modülatörleri (OM) yerleştirin. &lt;/ Li&gt; <li> İki ayna istihdam BS2 de OM1 ve OM2 geçen iki kirişler birleştirin. Her iki kirişler mekansal ayrılır, böylece ışın bölücülerin ve aynaları ayarlayınız. </li><li> Dikkatle her iki kiriş insidansı yönü ilk başta piksel SLM düzlemi, görmezden BS3 ve BS4 dik olmasını sağlamak için BS5 aynı hizaya getirin. İlk başta, hiçbir şey, yani SLM görüntülenir, bu (2. adımda boyunca) kalibrasyon sonuna kadar bir ayna gibi davranır. </li><li> konumu ve iki lens (L) arasındaki mesafeyi tamamlayıcı metal oksit yarı iletken (CMOS) kamerada SLM uçağın keskin bir görüntü elde etmek için Kepler teleskobu oluşturan ayarlayın. sapmaları en aza indirmek için L1 ve L2 doğru yönünü (düz kenarlar birbirine bakacak) izleyin. </li></ol></li><li> Uzak taraf hazırlanması <ol><li> İki kiriş içine nesne ışını bölmek ve iki aynalar kullanılarak BS8 onları birleştirmek için BS7 kullanın. Yine, kiriş bölücülerin ve mil ayarlamakHer iki profil uzamsal olarak ayrılmış şekilde rrors. </li><li> mikroskop objektif (OBJ) bunları hedefliyoruz BS9 kullanarak her iki gözünüzü almaması. modlu fiber (MMF) uzak ucunda obj2 Odak. L3 ve şarj çiftli aygıt (CCD) kamera kullanılarak MMF geri yansıma gözlemleyerek odağı kontrol edin. </li></ol></li><li> Bağlama yakın ve uzak yan <ol><li> MMF kullanan obj1 çıkan nesne kiriş ışık .birleştirecek. </li><li> ilk başta doğrusal polarize (LP) görmezden BS6 kullanarak nesne ışın bölün. Referans BS3 de kiriş ve BS4 bir ayna kullanılarak hem hem nesne kirişler birleştirin. kiriş bölücülerin ve aynaları ayarlayın, böylece küçük bir açı (en az 1 °) ile kesişen SLM de referans ve nesne ışın örtüşme her çift. </li><li> Referans gücü ve nesne ışın, hwp yönünü çevirerek 1.1.2 adıma göre yaklaşık eşit olduğundan emin olun. </li><li> girişim p kontrolattern CMOS kamera (hologram eksen-off) ve buna göre kesişme açısını ayarlayın. girişim saçak aralığı kabaca CMOS kamera iki piksel boyutunu eşit oluncaya kadar, açı arttırın. </li><li> Kamera görüntüsü farklı saçaklar gösterir, böylece CMOS kamera görüntüsünde girişim deseninin bir maksimum kontrast elde etmek için nesne ve referans ışınının kutuplaşmayı maç LP yönünü ayarlayın. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Sistem kalibrasyonu <ol><li> SLM ve CMOS arasındaki piksel ilişkisini kalibre <ol><li> Sadece referans kirişlerin birini kullanarak tüm SLM Aydınlatmak ve blok diğer başvuru ve kirişler nesneleri. </li><li> CMOS kamera ile SLM bir görüntü yakalamak. </li><li> Grafik yazılımı ve PC fare imleci kullanarak CMOS kamera görüntüsünde SLM sol üst köşesinde, örneğin koordinatlarını alın. kökenli noktası olarak bu piksel koordinatlarını kullanınSLM ilgili. </li><li> Tüm ışın blokları kaldırmak. </li></ol></li><li> Sinyal yollarını Kalibre <ol><li> Her iki referans ışını 2 ve nesne ışını 2 engelleyin. </li><li> CMOS kamera ile hologramın bir görüntü yakalamak. Açısal spektrum yöntemi 19 kullanılarak kaydedilen hologram fazı değerlendirin. kirişin 1 karşılık gelen bölgede ters faz hesaplamak. </li><li> Eski ışın blokları kaldırmak ve şimdi hem referans ışını 1 ve nesne ışını 1 blok. </li><li> CMOS kamera ile hologramın bir görüntü yakalamak. Yine açısal spektrum yöntemi kullanılarak kaydedilen hologram fazı ölçün. kiriş 2, ilgili bölgede ters faz hesaplamak. </li><li> Tüm ışın blokları kaldırmak. </li></ol></li></ol> 3. Sinyalleri Verici <ol><li> Nesne ışını engelleyin. </li><li> birlikte kiriş 1 ve 2&#39;ye karşılık gelen bölgelerde hesaplanan ters faz görüntüleri Dikiş ve ekranSLM üzerindeki tüm görüntü, genellikle bilgisayar grafik bağlantı noktasını kullanarak. </li><li> OM1 ve OM2 etkinleştirerek giriş sinyalleri 1 ve 2 modülasyonunu başlatın. </li><li> CCD kamera çıkış sinyalleri 1 ve 2 gözlemleyin. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

deneysel kurulum (protokolünde aşama 1) montajı birbirine göre optik bileşenleri ayrıntılı bir hizalama gerektirir. en önemli yönü yüksek bir PBR sağlamak amacıyla SLM üzerine referans ışınlarının dikdörtgen insidansı. ikiden fazla iletilen sinyallere setup artırmak amacıyla, ek bir ışın ayırma kullanılabilir. Bir alternatif olarak, elyaf bazlı bir uygulama daha kompakt ve sistem Biophotonics in situ araştırmalarda taşınabilir olmasını sağlayan s...

Bir çok modlu fiber (MMF) üzerinden birden ışık sinyallerinin iletimi iletişim mühendisliği 1 ve Biophotonics 2 belirgindir. haberleşme mühendisliği, uzay-bölmeli çoklama (SDM) çoklu tek modlu liflere kıyasla sınırlı alanlarda daha yüksek bir kullanımından yararlanan gelecekteki veri transferi uygulamaları için fiber optik iletim kapasitesini artırmak amacıyla kalıcı bir çözüm olduğuna inanılmaktadır 3.. Biophotonics, biyolojik numuneler bir MMF endoskop 4 ile ışık verici tarafından manipüle edilir. Örneğin, MMF endoskoplar kullanılarak bireysel nöronların bağımsız optik kontrol beyinde 5 nöron ağları araştırmak için optogenetics ilgi olduğunu. Ancak, MMF giriş faset üzerine yansıtılan ışık Outpu yayılması sırasında bozulma nedeniyle mod karıştırma ve dağılma tabidirMMF t faset. Bunun bir sonucu olarak, ışık yayılma sinyali iletim güçleştirmektedir, değiştirilir. Wavefront şekillendirme yöntemleri 6, 7 uzaysal ışık modülatörlerinin (SLM) kullanarak medya saçılma uygulanan ve bağlı hafif yayılması 8 sırasında saçılma bozulma için tazminat imkan verirler. Bir optik geribildirim 9 kullanarak çıktıyı optimize iteratif yaklaşım vardır. Bu yaklaşımlar yerine zaman, çünkü çok sayıda tekrarlamalar için gerekliliği ve özgürlük yüksek derecede tüketen modülatör elemanlarının çok sayıda gelen bulunmaktadır. Başka bir yaklaşım tamamen iletim matrisinin 10 tarafından açıklanan MMF içinde bozulma tespit etmektir. iletilecek modları sayısı büyükse, bu da zaman alıcı olacaktır. Bunun aksine, dijital optik faz konjugasyon (DOPC) olarak kabul edilirSadece birkaç odak noktalar beri, hızlı ve burada avantajlı MMF çıkış faset oluşturulan gerekmektedir. Faz konjugasyon yaklaşımları da biyolojik doku 12, 13, 14 ile odaklama veya görüntüleme için gösterilmiştir. Şimdiye kadar, DOPC, tek bir saat sinyali sadece 15, 16 kullanılmıştır, ve MMF 17 ışığın iletimi için uygulanmıştır. Birden fazla bağımsız sinyaller için bir DOPC yaklaşım başarılı olmamıştır. Biz bir tek faz-sadece SLM 18 istihdam her sinyal için şekillendirme bireysel wavefront kullanarak birden fazla ışık sinyallerinin bağımsız iletimini sağlayan gelişmiş bir DOPC yöntem geliştirdik. Bu amaçla, SLM Her bir sinyal için iletilecek bölgeler halinde bölünür. Önerilen deney düzeneği Şekil 1 &#39;de gösterilmektedirKalibrasyon gerçek iletim öncesi), bir gerçekleştirilir burada, b) &#39;de oluşur. <img alt="Şekil 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55407/55407fig1.jpg" /> Şekil 1: Deney düzeneği. BS = ışın ayırıcı, CCD = şarj çiftli aygıt, OM = optik modülatör, CMOS = tamamlayıcı metal oksit yarı iletken, HWP = yarım dalga plakası, L = objektif, LP = doğrusal polarize, MMF = modlu fiber, OBJ = mikroskop objektif, PBS = ışın ayırıcı, SLM = uzaysal ışık modülatörü polarize (faz için) - tasvir edilmektedir: (a) kalibrasyon ve (b) iletimi için sadece ilgili kirişler <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55407/55407fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">bu rakamın daha büyük bir versiyonunu görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a>

<table><tbody><tr><td>spatial light modulator</td><td>Holoeye</td><td>PLUTO-VIS-016</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CMOS camera</td><td>Mikrotron</td><td>MC4082</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>diode-pumped solid state laser</td><td>Laser Quantum</td><td>torus 532</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CCD camera</td><td>IDS</td><td>U3-3482LE-M CMOS</td><td>camera; suitable as well</td></tr><tr><td>lens 1</td><td>Qioptiq</td><td>G063204000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>lens 2</td><td>Qioptiq</td><td>G063203000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>lens 3</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>AC508-180-A-ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>multimode fiber</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>M14L02</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>beam splitters</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>BS013</td><td>9x</td></tr><tr><td>polarizing beam splitters</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PBS251</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>mirrors</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PF10-03-P01</td><td>5x</td></tr><tr><td>microscope objectives</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RMS20X</td><td>2x</td></tr><tr><td>half wave plates</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>WPH10M-532</td><td>2x</td></tr><tr><td>linear polarizer</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>LPVISB050-MP2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>optical modulators</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>MC2000B-EC</td><td>2x</td></tr><tr><td>linear and rotation stage for CMOS camera</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>XYR1/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>fiber connector</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>S120-SMA</td><td>2x</td></tr><tr><td>reducing ring for microscope objectives</td><td>Qioptiq</td><td>G061621000</td><td>2x</td></tr><tr><td>xy adjustment for objective adapters</td><td>Qioptiq</td><td>G061025000</td><td>2x</td></tr><tr><td>z translation mount for fiber adapter</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>SM1Z</td><td>2x</td></tr><tr><td>rods for fiber alignment to objectives</td><td>Qioptiq</td><td>G061210000</td><td>8x</td></tr><tr><td>mounts for lenses 1 and 2 plus two phantom mounts</td><td>Qioptiq</td><td>G061047000</td><td>4x</td></tr><tr><td>rail carriers for objective and lens mounts</td><td>Qioptiq</td><td>G061372000</td><td>6x</td></tr><tr><td>rail for rail carriers</td><td>Qioptiq</td><td>G061359000</td><td>2x</td></tr><tr><td>adapter for CCD camera to 1 post</td><td></td><td></td><td>in-house</td></tr><tr><td>adapter for laser to 4 posts</td><td></td><td></td><td>in-house</td></tr><tr><td>mount for lens 3</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>LMR2/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>mounts for half wave plates</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RSP1D/M</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>mounts for mirrors</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>KM100</td><td>5x</td></tr><tr><td>mount for linear polarizer</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RSP05/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>mounts for beam splitters and SLM</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>KM100PM/M</td><td>11x</td></tr><tr><td>clamping arms for beam splitters and SLM</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PM4/M</td><td>11x</td></tr><tr><td>posts for mounts, rail carriers and adapters</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>TR75/M</td><td>29x</td></tr><tr><td>holders for posts</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PH50/M</td><td>29x</td></tr><tr><td>pedestals for holders</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>BE1/M</td><td>29x</td></tr><tr><td>clamping forks for pedestals</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>CF125</td><td>29x</td></tr></tbody></table>

transmission of multiple signals through an optical fiber using wavefront shaping

Bir çok modlu fiber üzerinden birden fazla bağımsız optik sinyallerin iletim fiber içinde yayılması sırasında ışık bozulmayı telafi etmek için dalga cephesi şekillendirme kullanılarak gerçekleştirilir. Metodoloji, optik dalga cephesi tek modülatör farklı bölgelerinde modüle edilir, yalnızca tek bir uzaysal ışık modülatörü, ışık sinyalinin her bir bölge kullanılarak bir dijital optik faz konjügasyonu dayanır. Dijital optik faz konjugasyon yaklaşımları (örneğin) fiber dalga yayılımı davranış tam tayini gerçekleştirilir, diğer dalga cephesi şekillendirme yaklaşımlar, daha hızlı olduğu kabul edilir. sadece ışık sinyali başına bir kalibrasyon gerektirir çünkü aksine, sunulan yaklaşım zaman etkilidir. Önerilen yöntem haberleşme mühendisliği mekansal bölmeli çoklama için potansiyel uygundur. Ayrıntılı uygulama alanları özellikle o da, Biophotonics endoskopik ışık teslim edilirbiyolojik doku tek hücre olan ptogenetics, seçici yüksek uzaysal ve zamansal çözünürlüğe sahip aydınlatılmaya.

<html> 2 m uzunluğunda elyaf uzak tarafında tipik çıkış sinyalleri, Şekil 2&#39;de tasvir edilmiştir. İstenen odak nokta (zirve) prensip olarak DOPC kusurları nedeniyle istenmeyen bir benek deseni (arka plan), eşlik unutmayın. İlgili tepeden-arka oranı (PBR) 53 tutarında, 36 sırasıyla burada (hem sinyaller 1 ve 2 &#39;açık&#39; olan) (sadece sinyal 2 &#39;açık&#39;) ve 20 (sadece sinyal 1 &#39;açık&#39; olduğunu) . (: 1710, şu anda) kullanıldığ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping at JoVE.com

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

We demonstrate the transmission of multiple independent signals through a multimode fiber using wavefront shaping employing a single spatial light modulator. By modulating the wavefront for each signal individually, spatially separated foci are transmitted. Potential applications are multiplexed data transfer in communications engineering and endoscopic light delivery in biophotonics.

Wavefront Şekillendirme kullanarak bir Fiber Optik aracılığıyla Çoklu Sinyalleri İletim

The transmission of multiple independent optical signals through a multimode fiber is accomplished using wavefront shaping in order to compensate for the ...

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9.8K Görüntüleme.  TU Dresden. We demonstrate the transmission of multiple independent signals through a multimode fiber using wavefront shaping employing a single spatial light modulator. By modulating the wavefront for each signal individually, spatially separated foci are transmitted. Potential applications are multiplexed data transfer in communications engineering and endoscopic light delivery in biophotonics.

Video: Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave photonics systems rely fundamentally on the interaction between microwave and optical signals. These systems are extremely promising for various areas of technology and applied science, such as aerospace and communication engineering, sensing, metrology, nonlinear photonics, and quantum optics. In this article, we present the principal techniques used in our lab to build microwave photonics systems based on ultra-high Q whispering gallery mode resonators. First detailed in this article is the protocol for resonator polishing, which is based on a grind-and-polish technique close to the ones used to polish optical components such as lenses or telescope mirrors. Then, a white light interferometric profilometer measures surface roughness, which is a key parameter to characterize the quality of the polishing. In order to launch light in the resonator, a tapered silica fiber with diameter in the micrometer range is used. To reach such small diameters, we adopt the "flame-brushing" technique, using simultaneously computer-controlled motors to pull the fiber apart, and a blowtorch to heat the fiber area to be tapered. The resonator and the tapered fiber are later approached to one another to visualize the resonance signal of the whispering gallery modes using a wavelength-scanning laser. By increasing the optical power in the resonator, nonlinear phenomena are triggered until the formation of a Kerr optical frequency comb is observed with a spectrum made of equidistant spectral lines. These Kerr comb spectra have exceptional characteristics that are suitable for several applications in science and technology. We consider the application related to ultra-stable microwave frequency synthesis and demonstrate the generation of a Kerr comb with GHz intermodal frequency.

The customized techniques developed in our lab to build microwave photonics systems based on ultra-high Q whispering gallery mode resonators are presented. The protocols to obtain and characterize these resonators are detailed, and an explanation of some of their applications in microwave photonics is given.

Mikrodalga Fotonik Sistemleri Whispering-galeri-mod Rezonatörler dayanarak

Microwave photonics systems rely fundamentally on the interaction between microwave and optical signals. These systems are extremely promising for various ...

Mühendislik

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Today's telecommunication is based on optical packets which transmit the information in optical fiber networks around the world. Currently, the processing of the signals is done in the electrical domain. Direct storage in the optical domain would avoid the transfer of the packets to the electrical and back to the optical domain in every network node and, therefore, increase the speed and possibly reduce the energy consumption of telecommunications. However, light consists of photons which propagate with the speed of light in vacuum. Thus, the storage of light is a big challenge. There exist some methods to slow down the speed of the light, or to store it in excitations of a medium. However, these methods cannot be used for the storage of optical data packets used in telecommunications networks. Here we show how the time-frequency-coherence, which holds for every signal and therefore for optical packets as well, can be exploited to build an optical memory. We will review the background and show in detail and through examples, how a frequency comb can be used for the copying of an optical packet which enters the memory. One of these time domain copies is then extracted from the memory by a time domain switch. We will show this method for intensity as well as for phase modulated signals.

The article describes a procedure to store optical data packets with an arbitrary modulation, wavelength, and data rate. These packets are the basis of modern telecommunications.

Optik Veri paketler için yarı-ışık Depolama

Today's telecommunication is based on optical packets which transmit the information in optical fiber networks around the world. Currently, the processing ...

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

We develop and characterize a disordered polymer optical fiber that uses transverse Anderson localization as a novel waveguiding mechanism. The developed polymer optical fiber is composed of 80,000 strands of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) that are randomly mixed and drawn into a square cross section optical fiber with a side width of 250 &mu;m. Initially, each strand is 200 &mu;m in diameter and 8-inches long. During the mixing process of the original fiber strands, the fibers cross over each other; however, a large draw ratio guarantees that the refractive index profile is invariant along the length of the fiber for several tens of centimeters. The large refractive index difference of 0.1 between the disordered sites results in a small localized beam radius that is comparable to the beam radius of conventional optical fibers. The input light is launched from a standard single mode optical fiber using the butt-coupling method and the near-field output beam from the disordered fiber is imaged using a 40X objective and a CCD camera. The output beam diameter agrees well with the expected results from the numerical simulations. The disordered optical fiber presented in this work is the first device-level implementation of 2D Anderson localization, and can potentially be used for image transport and short-haul optical communication systems.

We develop and characterize a disordered polymer optical fiber that uses transverse Anderson localization as a novel waveguiding mechanism. This microstructured fiber can transport a small localized beam with a radius that is comparable to the beam radius of conventional optical fibers.

Işık Enine Anderson lokalizasyonu Düzensiz Polimer Fiber Optik imalatı ve Karakterizasyonu

We develop and characterize a disordered polymer optical fiber that uses transverse Anderson localization as a novel waveguiding mechanism. The developed ...

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Fiber Bragg gratings in multicore fibers can be used as compact and robust filters in astronomical and other research and commercial applications. Strong suppression at a single wavelength requires that all cores have matching transmission profiles. These gratings cannot be inscribed using the same method as for single-core fibers because the curved surface of the cladding acts as a lens, focusing the incoming UV laser beam and causing variations in exposure between cores. Therefore we use an additional optical element to ensure that the beam shape does not change while passing through the cross-section of the multicore fiber. This consists of a glass capillary tube which has been polished flat on one side, which is then placed over the section of the fiber to be inscribed. The laser beam enters the fiber through the flat surface of the capillary tube and hence maintains its original dimensions. This paper demonstrates the improvements in core-to-core uniformity for a 7-core fiber using this method. The technique can be generalized to larger multicore fibers.

We describe a technique for inscribing identical fiber Bragg gratings into each core of a multicore fiber. This is achieved by introducing an additional surface into the optical path to mitigate lensing by the curved surface of the fiber cladding.

Çok çekirdekli Fibers Bragg Izgaralar Yazma

Fiber Bragg gratings in multicore fibers can be used as compact and robust filters in astronomical and other research and commercial applications. Strong ...

High-Throughput Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Using a Photonic Chip

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) is commonly used in single molecule localization based super-resolution microscopy as it gives enhanced contrast due to optical sectioning. The conventional approach is to use high numerical aperture microscope TIRF objectives for both excitation and collection, severely limiting the field of view and throughput. We present a novel approach to generating TIRF excitation for imaging with optical waveguides, called chip-based nanoscopy. The aim of this protocol is to demonstrate how chip-based imaging is performed in an already built setup. The main advantage of chip-based nanoscopy is that the excitation and collection pathways are decoupled. Imaging can then be done with a low magnification lens, resulting in large field of view TIRF images, at the price of a small reduction in resolution. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were imaged using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), showing a resolution comparable to traditional super-resolution microscopes. In addition, we demonstrate the high-throughput capabilities by imaging a 500 &#181;m x 500 &#181;m region with a low magnification lens, providing a resolution of 76 nm. Through its compact character, chip-based imaging can be retrofitted into most common microscopes and can be combined with other on-chip optical techniques, such as on-chip sensing, spectroscopy, optical trapping, etc. The technique is thus ideally suited for high throughput 2D super-resolution imaging, but also offers great opportunities for multi-modal analysis.

Chip-based super-resolution optical microscopy is a novel approach to fluorescence microscopy and offers advantages in cost effectiveness and throughput. Here, the protocols for chip preparation and imaging are shown for TIRF microscopy and localization-based super-resolution microscopy.

Fotonik Çip Kullanarak Yüksek İşLeç Toplam İç Yansıma Floresansı ve Direkt Stokastik Optik Rekonstrüksiyon Mikroskobu

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) is commonly used in single molecule localization based super-resolution microscopy as it gives enhanced ...

Biyokimya

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

The aim of this article is to visually demonstrate the utilization of an interferometric method for encoding complex fields associated with coherent laser radiation. The method is based on the coherent sum of two uniform waves, previously encoded into a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) by spatial multiplexing of their phases. Here, the interference process is carried out by spatial filtering of light frequencies at the Fourier plane of certain imaging system. The correct implementation of this method allows arbitrary phase and amplitude information to be retrieved at the output of the optical system.
It is an on-axis, rather than off-axis encoding technique, with a direct processing algorithm (not an iterative loop), and free from coherent noise (speckle). The complex field can be exactly retrieved at the output of the optical system, except for some loss of resolution due to the frequency filtering process. The main limitation of the method might come from the inability to operate at frequency rates higher than the refresh rate of the SLM. Applications include, but are not limited to, linear and non-linear microscopy, beam shaping, or laser micro-processing of material surfaces.

We show how to encode the complex field of laser beams by using a single phase element. A common-path interferometer is employed to mix the phase information displayed into a phase-only spatial light modulator to finally retrieve the desired complex field pattern at the output of an optical imaging system.

Genlik ve lazer ışınları aşaması bir salt faz mekansal ışık modülatörü kullanarak şekillendirme

The aim of this article is to visually demonstrate the utilization of an interferometric method for encoding complex fields associated with coherent laser ...

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

A protocol is presented to build a custom low-cost yet high-performance femtosecond (fs) fiber laser. This all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) ytterbium-doped fiber laser is built completely using commercially available parts, including $8,000 in fiber optic and pump laser components, plus $4,800 in standard optical components and extra-cavity accessories. Researchers new to fiber optic device fabrication may also consider investing in basic fiber splicing and laser pulse characterization equipment (~$63,000). Important for optimal laser operation, methods to verify true versus apparent (partial or noise-like) mode-locked performance are presented. This system achieves 70 fs pulse duration with a center wavelength of approximately 1,070 nm and a pulse repetition rate of 31 MHz. This fiber laser exhibits the peak performance that may be obtained for an easily assembled fiber laser system, which makes this design ideal for research laboratories aiming to develop compact and portable fs laser technologies that enable new implementations of clinical multiphoton microscopy and fs surgery.

A method is presented to build a custom low-cost, mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser for potential applications in multiphoton microscopy, endoscopy, and photomedicine. This laser is built using commercially available parts and basic splicing techniques.

Multifoton Mikroskopisi için Tüm Normal Dağılımlı Femtosecond Fiber Lazerin Düşük Maliyetli Özel İmalat ve Mode-kilitli Çalışması

A protocol is presented to build a custom low-cost yet high-performance femtosecond (fs) fiber laser. This all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) ytterbium-doped ...

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) can produce low-divergence laser beams and can be used to control the emission angle electronically without the need for moving mechanical parts. This technology is particularly useful for beam steering applications. Here, we focus on OPAs integrated into SiN photonic circuits for a wavelength in the near infrared. A characterization method of such circuits is presented, which allows the output beam of integrated OPAs to be shaped and steered. Furthermore, using a wafer-scale characterization setup, several devices can easily be tested across multiple dies on a wafer. In this way, fabrication variations can be studied, and high-performance devices identified. Typical images of OPA beams are shown, including beams emitted from OPAs with and without a uniform waveguide length, and with varying numbers of channels. In addition, the evolution of output beams during the phase optimization process and beam steering in two dimensions is presented. Finally, a study of the variation in the beam divergence of identical devices is performed with respect to their position on the wafer.

Here, we describe the operation of a SiN integrated photonic circuit containing optical phased arrays. The circuits are used to emit low divergence laser beams in the near infrared and steer them in two dimensions.

Gofret Ölçekli Test İstasyonunda SiN Entegre Optik Fazlı Dizilerin Karakterizasyonu

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) can produce low-divergence laser beams and can be used to control the emission angle electronically without the need for ...

Multicolor Fluorescence Detection for Droplet Microfluidics Using Optical Fibers

Fluorescence assays are the most common readouts used in droplet microfluidics due to their bright signals and fast time response. Applications such as multiplex assays, enzyme evolution, and molecular biology enhanced cell sorting require the detection of two or more colors of fluorescence. Standard multicolor detection systems that couple free space lasers to epifluorescence microscopes are bulky, expensive, and difficult to maintain. In this paper, we describe a scheme to perform multicolor detection by exciting discrete regions of a microfluidic channel with lasers coupled to optical fibers. Emitted light is collected by an optical fiber coupled to a single photodetector. Because the excitation occurs at different spatial locations, the identity of emitted light can be encoded as a temporal shift, eliminating the need for more complicated light filtering schemes. The system has been used to detect droplet populations containing four unique combinations of dyes and to detect sub-nanomolar concentrations of fluorescein.

Multicolor fluorescence detection in droplet microfluidics typically involves bulky and complex epifluorescence microscope-based detection systems. Here we describe a compact and modular multicolor detection scheme that utilizes an array of optical fibers to temporally encode multicolor data collected by a single photodetector.

Damlacık Mikroakiskan için renkli Floresan Algılama Optik Elyaf kullanma

Fluorescence assays are the most common readouts used in droplet microfluidics due to their bright signals and fast time response. Applications such as ...

Biyomühendislik

Optimizing Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzers Based on Gain Spectrum Engineering

Demonstrated is a unique method for sensing performance enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA). A Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is superimposed with two symmetric Brillouin loss spectra (BLS). This leads to a complex engineered spectrum shape that is more resistant to the sensing system noise. Instead of only one pump and probe interaction as in the conventional BOTDA setup, three optical probe waves are exploited, with one probe located in the BGS and the other two symmetrically in the BLS. Due to the resistance and insensitivity of the engineered spectrum shape to the noise, the sensing performance is enhanced by 60% and the measurand resolution is doubled.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Kazanç spektrumu mühendisliğine dayalı Brillouin optik zaman alanı analizörlerini optimize etme

A protocol for Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers based on gain spectrum engineering is presented. Enhancements in the sensing performance, including sensing range and measurand resolution are achieved and the excess Brillouin intensity noise is studied. The protocol introduces a new way to enhance distributed Brillouin sensing performance.

Kazanç spektrumu mühendisliğine dayalı Brillouin optik zaman alanı analizörlerini optimize etme

Demonstrated is a unique method for sensing performance enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA). A Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is ...