Bu eser Ulusal Doğa Bilim Vakfı Çin (21301104), orta üniversiteler (FRF-TP-16-019A3) ve devlet anahtar laboratuvar, Kimya Mühendisliği (SKL-ChE-14A04) için temel araştırma fonu tarafından desteklenmiştir.

1. sentez, Mono-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic asit 18 , 19 <ol><li>tepki <ol><li>tartmak 31.80 g sodyum hipofosfit hidrat, 16.00 g Asetik asit, 8,42 g 2,3-Dimetil-1-butene, 0.73 g di - tert-butylnperoxide (DTBP) ve 25.00 g tetrahydrofuran (THF) 100 mL Teflon kaplı paslanmaz çelik basınçlı kap içine bir manyetik karıştırıcı basınçlı kap koymak ve bunu mühür</li>
		<li>Manyetik stirringapparatus altında olan bir dikey tüp ocağında basınçlı kap koymak. Manyetik karıştırma aparatı başlatın ve hızı 800 rpm'de ayarlayın.</li>
		<li>Ayarlamak için otoklav bağlı sıcaklık denetleyicisinin Isıtma programı: ısı oda sıcaklığından 120 ° C-90 dk sırasında 8 h için 120 ° C'de korumak sonra doğal olarak oda sıcaklığına kadar sakin ol. Isıtma programını başlatmak.</li>
	</ol></li> <li>Tedavi sonrası <ol><li>ürünleri bir 250 mL bir boyun yuvarlak alt şişesi aktarmak, Teflon kaplama 50 mL THF ile yıkayın ve tüm ürünler aktarılmasını sağlamak için aynı balonun eklemek.</li>
		<li>Çıkarmak belgili tanımlık THF ve döner Buharlaştırıcı kullanarak unreacted olefins.</li>
		<li>Residua 250 mL huni ayıran içine aktarmak, sırasıyla şişesi 80 mL etil eter ve 30 mL deiyonize su ile yıkayın ve onları tüm ürünler aktarılmasını sağlamak için aynı ayıran huni içine eklemek.</li>
		<li>Ekle 50 mL % 4 NaOH çözüm yukarıdaki ayıran huni içine şiddetle çalkalanır ve sulu faz ayırın. 20 mL % 4 NaOH çözümleri ile organik faz üç kez ayıklamak (20 mL × sulu faz pH 10 aşıyor emin olmak için 3).</li>
		<li>Sulu çözümler yukarıdaki adımda birleştirmek ve huni ayıran 500 mL aktarmak.</li>
		<li>Ekleyin 90 mL % 10 H 2 4 çözüm ve 50 mL etil eter, şiddetle çalkalanır ve organik faz; ayrı sonra özü 30 mL etil eter ile sulu faz üç kez (30 mL × 3).</li>
		<li>Adım 1.2.6 etil eter çözümlerinde birleştirmek ve huni ayıran başka bir 500 mL transfer.</li>
		<li>(100 mL × 4) ile 100 mL doymuş NaCl çözümleri dört yıka.</li>
		<li>Çözünür su kaldırmak için susuz MgSO 4 4 g ekleyin. Katı kaldırmak için filtre ve sıvı temiz 250 mL bir boyun yuvarlak alt kabı içinde toplamak.</li>
		<li>Rotary Evaporatör 17.92 g ham ürün elde etmek için kullanarak etil eter kaldırmak.</li>
	</ol></li></ol> 2. Mono-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic asit arıtma <ol><li>Amantadin çözüm hazırlanması <ol><li>bir 500 mL ölçek deiyonize su 100 ml Amantadin hidroklorür 22.28 g geçiyoruz.</li>
		<li>Doymuş NaOH çözüm ve 5 dakika süreyle heyecan eklemek 100 mL</li>
		<li>150 mL etil eter ekleyin ve karıştırın kadar 2.1.2 adımda oluşturulan beyaz çökelti kaybolur.</li>
		<li>Çözümleri huni ayıran 500 mL aktarmak, etil eter ile kabı için üç kez yıkayın (50 mL × 3) ve onları aynı ayıran huni birleştirmek.</li>
		<li>Sulu faz ayırmak ve doymuş NaCl çözümleri beş ile organik faz (100 mL × 5) yıkayın.</li>
		<li>Çözünür su kaldırmak için susuz MgSO 4 4 g ekleyin. Amantadin etil eter çözüm elde etmek için filtre.</li>
	</ol></li> <li>Amantadin hazırlanması &#8729; mono-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic asit tuz <ol><li>drop-wise ham mono-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic asit ürün Amantadin ekleyin. Bırakma sırasında etil eter düzgün heyecan olabilir emin olmak için 150 mL ekleyin.</li>
		<li>Mono-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic asit ürün ile etil eter tüm ürün Amantadin çözüm için transfer edilir emin olmak için 50 mL içeren bir boyun yuvarlak alt şişeye yıka. Stir için 30 dk ve gecede oturup izin.</li>
		<li>Filtre küçük basınç azalır ve 200 mL etil eter filtre pastayla yıkayın.</li>
	</ol></li> <li>Mono-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic asit serbest <ol><li>filtre uygulanmış kek 500 mL kabı içine aktarmak, 1 M HCL, 80 mL ekleyin ve karıştırın için 5 dk.</li>
		<li>Eklemek 70 mL Etil asetat ve heyecan başka bir 5 dakika süreyle</li>
		<li>Çözümleri huni ayıran 250 mL aktarmak ve sulu faz ayırın.</li>
		<li>Sulu faz 40 mL Etil asetat ile tekrar ayıklar ve Etil asetat çözümleri birleştirir.</li>
		<li>30 mL (30 mL × 2) 1 M HCL iki kez Etil asetat Çözümle yıkama ve NaCl üç ardışık olarak (80 mL × 3), doymuş.</li>
		<li>Çözünür su kaldırmak için 4 g susuz MgSO 4 ekleyin. Filtre ve sıvı bir 250 mL bir boyun yuvarlak alt şişesi içinde toplamak.</li>
		<li>Etil asetat rotary Evaporatör kullanarak kaldırın ve 12.45 g saf mono-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic asit elde etmek (verim: %82.9).</li>
	</ol></li></ol> 3. Sentezi (2,3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4,4 &#39;-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic asit <ol><li>tepki <ol><li>Transfer tüm saf mono-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic asit ürünün içine 100 mL Teflon kaplı paslanmaz çelik Otoklav, Asetik asit, diisobutylene, DTBP, 0.30 g 25.39 g 4.95 g ekleyin, bir manyetik karıştırıcı basınçlı kap koymak ve bunu mühür</li>
		<li>Altında olan bir manyetik karıştırma aparatı dikey tüp ocağında basınçlı kap koymak ve manyetik karıştırma aparatı başlar.</li>
		<li>Sıcaklık denetleyicisinin Isıtma program ayarla: ısı oda sıcaklığından 135 ° C-90 dk sırasında 8 h 135 ° C'de korumak sonra doğal olarak oda sıcaklığına kadar sakin ol. Isıtma programını başlatmak.</li>
		<li>Reaksiyon sistemi oda sıcaklığına soğuduğunda DTBP başka bir 0.30 g ekleyin ve Isıtma programı yeniden.</li>
		<li>Tekrarlama adım 3.1.4 bir kez.</li>
	</ol></li> <li>Tedavi sonrası <ol><li>100 mL etil eter ürünüyle sulandırmak ve 250 bir huni ayıran mL transfer.</li>
		<li>30 mL % 4 ile yıkayın NaOH üç kez (30 mL × 3) Bu sulu faz pH 10 aşıyor emin olmak için.</li>
		<li>Kadar % 10 H 2 70 mL ekleyin ürün acidify için 4 çözüm.</li>
		<li>Sulu faz pH pH 6-7 eşittir kadar birkaç kez (80 mL her) ile doymuş NaCl çözüm yıka.</li>
		<li>Çözünür su kaldırmak için susuz MgSO 4 4 g ekleyin. Katı kaldırmak için filtre ve sıvı temiz 250 mL bir boyun yuvarlak alt kabı içinde toplamak.</li>
		<li>Çıkarmak belgili tanımlık etil eter ve döner Buharlaştırıcı 15,10 g ham ürün elde etmek için kullanarak unreacted olefins.</li>
	</ol></li></ol> 4. Arıtma (2,3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4,4 &#39;-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic asit <ol><li>saf co-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) elde etmek (2,4,4 &#39;-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic asit karmaşık <ol><li>erimesi 2,30 g NaOH 40 ml deiyonize su. Ham içeren şişeye NaOH çözüm ekleyin (2,3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4,4 &#39;-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic asit ürün ve şiddetle 5 dk. salla</li>
		<li>Ekle 0,5 M CoCl 2 çözüm daha fazla mavi çökelti oluşturulur ve şişeye çözümde pembe. kadar sallayarak süre dropwise < /li> <li>Filtre ve yıkama filtresi kek kadar deiyonize su ile mavi çökelti renksiz.</li>
		<li>250 mL kabı filtre kek transfer 100 mL aseton ekleyin koruyucu film ile kapatın ve sonra bir gece için 4 ° C'de soğutmak.</li>
		<li>Herhangi bir yabancı maddelerin serbest bırakmak için mavi çökelti tuzağa toplu olarak Pulverize.</li>
		<li>Filtre ve 100 mL taze aseton ile yıkayın. Oda sıcaklığında filtre pasta kuru ve sonra huni ayıran 250 mL transfer.</li>
	</ol></li> <li>Yeniden (2,3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4,4 &#39;-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic asit <ol><li>4 ve shake şiddetle kadar mavi çökelti kaybolur 120 mL etil eter ve 80 mL % 10 H 2 ekleyin.</li>
		<li>Sulu faz ayrı, organik yıkama aşama sıralı olarak 30 mL % 10 H 2 SO 4 bir kez ve sulu faz pH pH 6-7 eşittir kadar NaCl çözümler birkaç kez (80 mL her) doymuş.</li>
		<li>Çözünür su kaldırmak için susuz MgSO 4 4 g ekleyin. Katı kaldırma ve sıvı temiz 250 mL bir boyun yuvarlak alt kabı içinde toplamak için filtre.</li>
		<li>Etil eter rotary Evaporatör kullanarak kaldırın ve 11.46 g saf ürün elde etmek (verim: %52,8).</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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Yazarlar ifşa gerek yok.

En kritik protokol içinde mono-alkylphosphinic asit sentezi (şekil 1bir) adımdır. Bu tepki, daha yüksek bir verim ve daha az dialkylphosphinic asit yan ürün daha iyi. NaH2PO2/olefin A molar oranı artan verim artırmak ve dialkylphosphinic asit yan ürün üretimi inhibe. Ancak, bir büyük NaH2PO2 doz Ayrıca maliyet artırmak ve coşkulu bir soruna neden. NaH2PO2/olefin A tercih edilen molar oranı 3:...

Asidik organofosfor extractants yaygın olarak geleneksel hydrometallurgy alanında ayıklama ve nadir toprak iyonları1,2, demir harici metaller (Co/Ni3,4gibi) nadir metaller (ayrılması için kullanılır Hf/Zr gibi5V6,7), aktinitleri8, vb. Son yıllarda, onlar da ikincil kaynak geri dönüşüm ve üst düzey sıvı atık bertaraf9alanlarında daha fazla dikkat çekmiştir. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) fosforik asit (D2EHPA veya P204), 2-ethylhexylphosphoric asit mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA, PC 88A veya P507) ve Di-(2,4, 4'-trimethylpentyl)-dialkylphosphoric asit temsilcileri olan phosphinic asit (Cyanex272), Aminobenzensülforik asit mono alkil esterleri ve dialkylphosphinic asit sırasıyla, en sık kullanılan extractants vardır. Onların Asitlik aşağıdaki sırayla azalır: P204 &#62; P507 &#62; Cyanex 272. Karşılık gelen çıkarma yeteneği, ayıklama kapasite ve sıyırma Asitlik sırasına göre tüm P204 vardır &#62; P507 &#62; Cyanex 272 ve ayrılık performans olduğunu ters sırada. Bu üç extractants çoğu zaman etkili olur. Ancak, hala bazı koşullar vardır nereye onlar are değil çok verimli: ağır nadir toprak elementleri ayırma, varolan ana sorunları olan zavallı seçicilik ve P204 ve P507, yüksek sıyırma asit düşük çekme kapasitesi ve emülsiyon eğilim Cyanex 272 için ayıklama sırasında. Böylece, roman extractants gelişimi son yıllarda daha çok dikkat çekti.
Dialkylphosphinic asit extractants sınıf yeni extractants geliştirmek için en önemli araştırma unsurlarından biri olarak kabul edilir. Son araştırmalar çıkarma yeteneği dialkylphosphinic asit alkil organik10,11yapısına büyük ölçüde bağlı olduğunu gösterdi. Bu önemli ölçüde daha yüksek P507 bundan Cyanex 27212daha düşürmek için daha geniş bir aralıktan olabilir. Ancak, roman dialkylphosphinic asit extractants keşfi ticari organik yapısı10,12,13,14,-15sınırlı, 16. Dialkylphosphinic asit extractants da Grignard reaksiyonu yöntemi tarafından sentez rağmen sıkı12,17tepki koşullardır.
NSDAPA, iki alkyls farklı olan yeni extractants keşfi bir kapı açar. Dialkylphosphinic asit yapıları daha farklı hale getirir ve çıkarma ve ayrılık performans onun alkil yapıları her ikisini değiştirerek ince ayar. NSDAPA geleneksel sentetik yöntemi PH3 yüksek toksisite, titiz reaksiyon koşulları ve zor arıtma gibi birçok dezavantajları vardır bir fosfor kaynağı olarak kullanılır. Son zamanlarda bir fosfor (bkz. şekil 1) kaynağı ve başarılı bir şekilde üç NSDAPAs18sentezlenmiş olarak sodyum hipofosfit kullanarak NSDAPA sentez için yeni bir yöntem bildirdi. Bu ayrıntılı Protokolü deneyler yineleyin ve NSDAPA extractants sentetik yöntemi usta yeni uygulayıcıları yardımcı olabilir. Biz almak (2, 3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4, 4'-trimethylpentyl) bir örnek olarak phosphinic asit. Adları ve yapıları olefin A, ara mono-alkylphosphinic asit, organik B ve karşılık gelen NSDAPA, Tablo 1' de görüntülenir.

<table style="border-collapse:collapse;width:687pt" width="916">
	<colgroup>
		<col style="width:185pt" width="247" />
		<col style="width:290pt" width="387" />
		<col style="width:93pt" width="124" />
		<col style="width:119pt" width="158" />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="102" style="height:76.5pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="102" style="width:185pt;height:76.5pt" width="247">sodium hypophosphite hydrate</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Tianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagents Factory</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: NaH2PO2&#8729;H2O, purity &#8805;99.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">2,3-dimethyl-1-butene</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: C6H12, purity &#8805;99%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">diisobutylene</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Shanghai&#160;Aladdin&#160;Bio-Chem&#160;Technology&#160;Co.,&#160;LTD</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: C8H16, purity 97%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">acetic acid</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: C2H4O2, purity &#8805;99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">di-tert-butylnperoxide</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: C8H18O2, purity &#8805;97.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">tetrahydrofuran</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Beijing Chemical Works</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: C4H8O, purity A.R.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="102" style="height:76.5pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="102" style="width:185pt;height:76.5pt" width="247">amantadine hydrochloride</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Shanghai&#160;Aladdin&#160;Bio-Chem&#160;Technology&#160;Co.,&#160;LTD</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: C10H17N&#8729;HCl, purity 99%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">ethyl ether</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: C4H10O, purity &#8805;99.7%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">ethyl acetate</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: C4H8O2, purity &#8805;99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">acetone</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Beijing Chemical Works</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: C3H6O, purity &#8805;99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="75" style="height:56.25pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="75" style="width:185pt;height:56.25pt" width="247">sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: NaOH, purity &#8805;96.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">concentrated sulfuric acid</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: H2SO4, purity 95-98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="75" style="height:56.25pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="75" style="width:185pt;height:56.25pt" width="247">hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Beijing Chemical Works</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: HCl, purity 36-38%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="75" style="height:56.25pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="75" style="width:185pt;height:56.25pt" width="247">sodium chloride</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: NaCl, purity &#8805;99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77" style="height:57.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="77" style="width:185pt;height:57.75pt" width="247">anhydrous magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:290pt" width="387">Tianjin Jinke Institute of Fine Chemical Industry</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: MgSO4, purity &#8805;99.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="103" style="height:77.25pt">
			<td class="xl19" height="103" style="width:185pt;height:77.25pt" width="247">Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:290pt" width="387">Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:93pt" width="124"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:119pt" width="158">Molecular formula: CoCl2&#8729;6H2O, purity &#8805;99.0%</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of high purity nonsymmetric dialkylphosphinic acid extractants

Biz bir sentez mevcut (2,3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4, 4'-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic asit yüksek saflıkta nonsymmetric dialkylphosphinic asit extractants sentezi için bir yöntem göstermek için bir örnek olarak. Düşük toksik sodyum hipofosfit bir (2,3-Dimetil-1-monoalkylphosphinic asit ara oluşturmak için butene) organik ile tepki için fosfor kaynağı olarak seçilmiştir. Sadece monoalkylphosphinic asit dialkylphosphinic asit ile Amantadin nedeniyle tepki değil iken bir amantadine∙mono-alkylphosphinic asit tuz formu Amantadin ile tepki olarak Amantadin dialkylphosphinic asit yan ürünü kaldırmak için kabul edildi onun büyük steric engel. Saf monoalkylphosphinic asit sonra organik nonsymmetric dialkylphosphinic asit (NSDAPA) vermeye B (diisobutylene) ile tepki. Unreacted monoalkylphosphinic asit-ebilmek var olmak kolayca çıkarmak bir basit Bankası-asit tarafından tedavi sonrası ve diğer organik kirleri kobalt tuzu yağış ayrılabilir. Yapısı (2, 3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4, 4'-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic asit olduğunu doğruladı 31P NMR, 1H NMR, ESI-MS ve FT-IR. tarafından Saflık potentiometric titrasyon yöntemi tarafından tespit edildi ve saflığı % 96 aşabilir sonuçlar gösterir.

31 P NMR spektrumları için mono-(2,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic asit önce ve sonra arıtma Amantadin yöntemi (Resim 1a-b) tarafından toplanmıştır. 31 P NMR spectra, 1H NMR spectra, MS spectra ve FT-IR spektrumları için toplanan (2,3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4, 4'-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic asit (bkz şekil 3, şekil 4, şekil 5...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants at JoVE.com

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Yüksek saflıkta Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic asit Extractants sentezi

Alarak yüksek saflıkta nonsymmetric dialkylphosphinic asit extractants sentezi için bir protokol sunulmuştur (2,3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4, 4'-trimethylpentyl) bir örnek olarak phosphinic asit.

We present the synthesis of (2,3-dimethylbutyl)(2,4,4&#39;-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid as an example to demonstrate a method for the synthesis of high ...

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7.4K Görüntüleme.  University of Science and Technology Beijing. Alarak yüksek saflıkta nonsymmetric dialkylphosphinic asit extractants sentezi için bir protokol sunulmuştur (2,3-dimethylbutyl) (2,4, 4'-trimethylpentyl) bir örnek olarak phosphinic asit.

Video: Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order to streamline synthesis by saving steps, time and material compared to conventional methods that require the introduction and removal of activating or directing groups. Therefore, the functionalization of C-H bonds is also attractive for green chemistry. Under oxidative conditions, two C-H bonds or one C-H and one heteroatom-H bond can be transformed to C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, respectively. Often these oxidative coupling reactions require synthetic oxidants, expensive catalysts or high temperatures. Here, we describe a two-step procedure to functionalize indole derivatives, more specifically tetrahydrocarbazoles, by C-H amination using only elemental oxygen as oxidant. The reaction uses the principle of C-H functionalization via Intermediate PeroxideS (CHIPS). In the first step, a hydroperoxide is generated oxidatively using visible light, a photosensitizer and elemental oxygen. In the second step, the N-nucleophile, an aniline, is introduced by Br&#248;nsted-acid catalyzed activation of the hydroperoxide leaving group. The products of the first and second step often precipitate and can be conveniently filtered off. The synthesis of a biologically active compound is shown.

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

A two-step procedure for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active indole-derivatives by C-H functionalization with anilines is described, using photo- and Br&#248;nsted acid catalysis.

Intermediate Peroksitlerin yoluyla fotokimyasal ve Asit-katalize CH fonksiyonlandırmalar tarafından Antiviral tetrahidrokarbazole Türevlerinin Sentezi (CİPS)

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order ...

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Synthesis of Immunotargeted Magneto-plasmonic Nanoclusters

Magnetic and plasmonic properties combined in a single nanoparticle provide a synergy that is advantageous in a number of biomedical applications including contrast enhancement in novel magnetomotive imaging modalities, simultaneous capture&#160;and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs),&#160;and multimodal molecular imaging combined with photothermal therapy of cancer cells. These applications have stimulated significant interest in development of protocols for synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles with optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region and a strong magnetic moment. Here, we present a novel protocol for synthesis of such hybrid nanoparticles that is based on an oil-in-water microemulsion method. The unique feature of the protocol described herein is synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles of various sizes from primary blocks which also have magneto-plasmonic characteristics. This approach yields nanoparticles with a high density of magnetic and plasmonic functionalities which are uniformly distributed throughout the nanoparticle volume. The hybrid nanoparticles can be easily functionalized by attaching antibodies through the Fc moiety leaving the Fab portion that is responsible for antigen binding available for targeting.

Here, we describe a protocol for synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles with a strong magnetic moment and a strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance. The protocol also includes antibody conjugation to the nanoparticles through the Fc moiety for various biomedical applications which require molecular specific targeting.

Immunotargeted sentezi Magneto-plasmonik nanoklastırlar

Magnetic and plasmonic properties combined in a single nanoparticle provide a synergy that is advantageous in a number of biomedical applications ...

Synthesis of Indoxyl-glycosides for Detection of Glycosidase Activities

Indoxyl glycosides proved to be valuable and versatile tools for monitoring glycosidase activities. Indoxyls are released by enzymatic hydrolysis and are rapidly oxidized, for example by atmospheric oxygen, to indigo type dyes. This reaction enables fast and easy screening in vivo without isolation or purification of enzymes, as well as rapid tests on agar plates or in solution (e.g., blue-white screening, micro-wells) and is used in biochemistry, histochemistry, bacteriology and molecular biology. Unfortunately the synthesis of such substrates proved to be difficult, due to various side reactions and the low reactivity of the indoxyl hydroxyl function. Especially for glucose type structures low yields were observed. Our novel approach employs indoxylic acid ester as key intermediates. Indoxylic acid esters with varied substitution patterns were prepared on scalable pathways. Phase transfer glycosylations with those acceptors and peracetylated glycosyl halides can be performed under common conditions in high yields. Ester cleavage and subsequent mild silver mediated glycosylation yields the peracetylated indoxyl glycosides in high yields. Finally deprotection is performed according to Zempl&#233;n.

Indoxyl glycosides are well-established and widely used tools for enzyme screening and enzyme activity monitoring. Especially for glucose type structures previous syntheses proved to be challenging and low yielding. Our novel approach employs indoxylic acid esters as precious intermediates to yield a considerable number of indoxyl glycosides in good yields.

Glikosidaz Faaliyetlerinin Belirlenmesi için indoksil-glikozitler sentezi

Indoxyl glycosides proved to be valuable and versatile tools for monitoring glycosidase activities. Indoxyls are released by enzymatic hydrolysis and are ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical properties for applications in photonics, drug delivery and coating technology. Here we present a new family of colloidal building blocks, coined supramolecular colloids, whose self-assembly is controlled through surface-functionalization with a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) derived supramolecular moiety. Such BTAs interact via directional, strong, yet reversible hydrogen-bonds with other identical BTAs. Herein, a protocol is presented that describes how to couple these BTAs to colloids and how to quantify the number of coupling sites, which determines the multivalency of the supramolecular colloids. Light scattering measurements show that the refractive index of the colloids is almost matched with that of the solvent, which strongly reduces the van der Waals forces between the colloids. Before photo-activation, the colloids remain well dispersed, as the BTAs are equipped with a photo-labile group that blocks the formation of hydrogen-bonds. Controlled deprotection with UV-light activates the short-range hydrogen-bonds between the BTAs, which triggers the colloidal self-assembly. The evolution from the dispersed state to the clustered state is monitored by confocal microscopy. These results are further quantified by image analysis with simple routines using ImageJ and Matlab. This merger of supramolecular chemistry and colloidal science offers a direct route towards light- and thermo-responsive colloidal assembly encoded in the surface-grafted monolayer.

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of colloids coated with supramolecular moieties is described. These supramolecular colloids undergo self-assembly upon the activation of the hydrogen-bonds between the surface-anchored molecules by UV-light.

Supramoleküler Kolloidlerin Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the synthetic methods for the preparation of gold nanorods are still not fully optimized. In this paper we describe a new, highly efficient, two-step protocol based on the use of hydroquinone as a mild reducing agent. Our approach allows the preparation of nanorods with a good control of size and aspect ratio (AR) simply by varying the amount of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and silver ions (Ag+) present in the "growth solution". By using this method, it is possible to markedly reduce the amount of CTAB, an expensive and cytotoxic reagent, necessary to obtain the elongated shape. Gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of about 3 can be obtained in the presence of just 50 mM of CTAB (versus 100 mM used in the standard protocol based on the use of ascorbic acid), while shorter gold nanorods are obtained using a concentration as low as 10 mM.

This paper describes a protocol for the synthesis of gold nanorods, based on the use of hydroquinone as reducing agent, plus the different mechanisms for controlling their size and aspect ratio.

Altın nanorods hidrokinon Esaslı Sentezi

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

Synthesis of Hierarchical ZnO/CdSSe Heterostructure Nanotrees

A two-step chemical vapor deposition procedure is here employed to prepare tree-like hierarchical ZnO/CdSSe hetero-nanostructures. The structures are composed of CdSSe branches grown on ZnO nanowires that are vertically aligned on a transparent sapphire substrate. The morphology was measured via scanning electron microscopy. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Both the ZnO stem and CdSSe branches have a predominantly wurtzite crystal structure. The mole ratio of S and Se in the CdSSe branches was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The CdSSe branches result in strong visible light absorption. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy showed that the stem and branches form a type-II heterojunction. PL lifetime measurements showed a decrease in the lifetime of emission from the trees when compared to emission from individual ZnO stems or CdSSe branches and indicate fast charge transfer between CdSSe and ZnO. The vertically aligned ZnO stems provide a direct electron transport pathway to the substrate and allow for efficient charge separation after photoexcitation by visible light. The combination of the abovementioned properties makes ZnO/CdSSe nanotrees promising candidates for applications in solar cells, photocatalysis, and opto-electronic devices.

Here, we prepare and characterize novel tree-like hierarchical ZnO/CdSSe nanostructures, where CdSSe branches are grown on vertically aligned ZnO nanowires. The resulting nanotrees are a potential material for solar energy conversion and other opto-electronic devices.

Hiyerarşik ZnO / CdSSe Heteroyapı Nanotrees sentezi

A two-step chemical vapor deposition procedure is here employed to prepare tree-like hierarchical ZnO/CdSSe hetero-nanostructures. The structures are ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of NixNb1-xO nanoparticles with different atomic compositions (x = 0.03, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20) have been prepared by chemical precipitation. These NixNb1-xO catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed the sponge-like and fold-like appearance of Ni0.97Nb0.03O and Ni0.92Nb0.08O on the NiO surface, and the larger surface area of these NixNb1-xO catalysts, compared with the bulk NiO. Maximum surface area of 173 m2/g can be obtained for Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts. In addition, the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin-derived compounds using the synthesized Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts have been investigated.

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

A protocol for the synthesis of sponge-like and fold-like Ni1-xNbxO nanoparticles by chemical precipitation is presented.

Nb2O5 sentezi için kimyasal yağış yöntemi toplu nikel katalizör yüksek belirli yüzey alanı ile modifiye

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a challenge, as it requires asymmetric growth of symmetric crystals. Here, we report a distinctive synthesis of substrate-bound Au nanowires. This template-free synthesis employs thiolated ligands and substrate adsorption to achieve the continuous asymmetric deposition of Au in solution at ambient conditions. The thiolated ligand prevented the Au deposition on the exposed surface of the seeds, so the Au deposition only occurs at the interface between the Au seeds and the substrate. The side of the newly deposited Au nanowires is immediately covered with the thiolated ligand, while the bottom facing the substrate remains ligand-free and active for the next round of Au deposition. We further demonstrate that this Au nanowire growth can be induced on various substrates, and different thiolated ligands can be used to regulate the surface chemistry of the nanowires. The diameter of the nanowires can also be controlled with mixed ligands, in which another &#34;bad&#34; ligand could turn on the lateral growth. With the understanding of the mechanism, Au nanowire-based nanostructures can be designed and synthesized.

We report a solution-based method to synthesize substrate-bound Au nanowires. By tuning the molecular ligands used during the synthesis, the Au nanowires can be grown from various substrates with different surface properties. Au nanowire-based nanostructures can also be synthesized by adjusting the reaction parameters.

Substrat bağlı Au Nanowires bir aktif yüzey büyüme mekanizması yoluyla sentezi

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a ...

Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes

A convenient synthetic route for spirocyclic heterocycles is well sought after due to the molecule&#39;s potential use in biological systems. By means of solid-phase synthesis, regenerating Michael (REM) linker strategies, and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, a library of structurally similar heterocycles, both with and without a spirocyclic center, can be constructed. The main advantages of the solid-support synthesis are as follows: first, each reaction step can be driven to completion using a large excess of reagents resulting in high yields; next, the use of commercially available starting materials and reagents keep the costs low; finally, the reaction steps are easy to purify via simple filtration. The REM linker strategy is attractive because of its recyclability and traceless nature. Once a reaction scheme is completed, the linker can be reused multiple times. In a typical solid-phase synthesis, the product contains either a part of or the whole linker, which can prove undesirable. The REM linker is &#34;traceless&#34; and the point of attachment between the product and the polymer is indistinguishable. The high diastereoselectivity of the intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is well documented. Limited by the insolubility of the solid support, the reaction progression can only be monitored by a change in the functional groups (if any) via infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Thus, the structural identification of intermediates cannot be characterized by conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Other limitations to this method stem from the compatibilities of the polymer/linker to the desired chemical reaction scheme. Herein we report a protocol that allows for the convenient production of spirocyclic heterocycles that, with simple modifications, can be automated with high-throughput techniques.

Here we present a protocol to demonstrate an efficient method for the synthesis of spirocyclic heterocycles. The five-step process utilizes solid-phase synthesis and regenerating Michael linker strategies. Generally difficult to synthesize, we present a customizable method for the synthesis of spirocyclic molecules otherwise inaccessible to other modern approaches.

Katı faz [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes sentezi

A convenient synthetic route for spirocyclic heterocycles is well sought after due to the molecule&#39;s potential use in biological systems. By means of ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of their interactions with cell membranes, lipid bilayers, and viruses. The hydrophilic ligands make these particles colloidally stable in aqueous solutions and the combination with hydrophobic ligands creates an amphiphilic particle that can be loaded with hydrophobic drugs, fuse with the lipid membranes, and resist nonspecific protein adsorption. Many of these properties depend on nanoparticle size and the composition of the ligand shell. It is, therefore, crucial to have a reproducible synthetic method and reliable characterization techniques that allow the determination of nanoparticle properties and the ligand shell composition. Here, a one-phase chemical reduction, followed by a thorough purification to synthesize these nanoparticles with diameters below 5 nm, is presented. The ratio between the two ligands on the surface of the nanoparticle can be tuned through their stoichiometric ratio used during synthesis. We demonstrate how various routine techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry, are combined to comprehensively characterize the physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles.

Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles can be used in many biological applications. A protocol to synthesize gold nanoparticles coated by a binary mixture of ligands and a detailed characterization of these particles is presented.

Amphiphilik altın nanopartiküller sentezi ve karakterizasyonu

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of ...