Name: an emerging target paradigm to evoke fast visuomotor responses on human upper limb muscles
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles at JoVE.com

Bu çalışma, Kanada Doğa Bilimleri ve Mühendislik Araştırma Konseyi'nden (NSERC; RGPIN 311680) ve Kanada Sağlık Araştırma Enstitüleri'nden (CIHR; MOP-93796). RAK, Ontario Lisansüstü Bursu ile desteklendi ve ALC bir NSERC CREATE bursu ile desteklendi. Bu el yazmasında açıklanan deneysel cihaz Kanada Yenilik Vakfı tarafından desteklenmiştir. Ek destek Kanada İlk Araştırma Mükemmellik Fonu (BrainsCAN) geldi.

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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-species+comparison+of+anticipatory+and+stimulus-driven+neck+muscle+activity+well+before+saccadic+gaze+shifts+in+humans+and+nonhuman+primates.">Cross-species comparison of anticipatory and stimulus-driven neck muscle activity well before saccadic gaze shifts in humans and nonhuman primates.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 114 (2), 902-913 (2015).</li><li>Franklin, D. W., Reichenbach, A., Franklin, S., Diedrichsen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+evolution+of+spatial+computations+for+visuomotor+control.">Temporal evolution of spatial computations for visuomotor control.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 36 (8), 2329-2341 (2016).</li><li>Krekelberg, B., Vatakis, A., Kourtzi, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implied+motion+from+form+in+the+human+visual+cortex.">Implied motion from form in the human visual cortex.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 94 (6), 4373-4386 (2005).</li><li>Gribble, P. 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Yazarların açıklayacak bir şeyi yok.

İnsanlar, gerektiğinde, en az afferent ve efferent iletim gecikmelerine yaklaşan gecikme gevemelerinde hızlı, görsel güdümlü eylemler üretme kapasitesine sahiptir. Biz daha önce hızlı visuomotor yanıtlar 6 için yeni bir önlem olarak üst ekstremite uyarıcı kilitli yanıtları (SLR) tarif ettik6,9,10. Görme uyarıcıdan etkilenen üst ekstremite kas alımının ilk yönü için deneme-by-deneme kriter sağlamad...

Cep telefonumuzda bir mesaj fark ettiğimizde, telefonumuzu kaldırıp mesajı okumak için görsel olarak yönlendirilmiş bir erişim gerçekleştirmemiz istenir. Telefonun şekli ve boyutu gibi görsel özellikler, hedefe başarılı bir şekilde ulaşmamızı sağlayan motor komutlarına dönüştürülür. Bu tür visuomotor dönüşümler yüksek derecede kontrol sağlayan laboratuvar koşullarında incelenebilir. Ancak, yanıt süresinin önemli olduğu senaryolar vardır, örneğin, düşerse telefonu yakalamak. Hızlı visuomotor davranışların laboratuvar çalışmaları genellikle, hedef konumundaki bazı değişikliklerden sonra uçuş ortasında devam eden hareketlerin değiştirildiği yer değiştirmiş hedef paradigmalarına dayanır (örn. bkz. ref.1,2). Bu tür online düzeltmeler oluşabilir iken <150 ms3, bu kol düşük geçiş filtreleme özellikleri nedeniyle tek başına kinematik kullanarak hızlı visuomotor çıkış tam zamanlamasını tespit etmek zordur, ve hızlı visuomotor çıkış zaten orta uçuş bir hareket yerini çünkü. Bu tür komplikasyonlar hızlı visuomotor yanıtların altında yatan substratlar hakkında belirsizliğe yol açar (gözden geçirilmek üzere ref.4'e bakınız). Bazı çalışmalar, fronto-parietal kortikal alanlar yerine superior kolikulus gibi subkortikal yapıların çevrimiçi düzeltmeler başlatabileceğini düşündürmektedir5.
Altta yatan nöral yüzeylere ilişkin bu belirsizlik, en azından kısmen, hızlı visuomotor sistemin çıkışı için güvenilir bir biyomarker eksikliği nedeniyle olabilir. Son zamanlarda statik duruşlardan oluşabilen ve elektromiyografi (EMG) ile kaydedilen hızlı visuomotor yanıtların bir ölçüsünü tanımladık. Uyarıcı kilitli yanıtlar (SLR) gönüllühareketöncesinde EMG aktivitesizaman kilitli patlamaları 6,7, sürekli gelişen ~ 100 ms uyarıcı başlangıcından sonra. Adından da anlaşılacağı gibi, SLR uyarıcı başlangıçlı tarafından uyarılmış, nihai bir hareket8 tevkif veya ters yönde hareket etse bile devam9. Ayrıca, dinamik bir paradigma hedef deplasman tarafından uyarılmış SLR kısa gecikme online düzeltmeler ile ilişkilidir10. Böylece, SLR sistematik kısa gecikme RTs dahil hızlı visuomotor sistemin çıktısını incelemek için objektif bir önlem sağlamak, onlar statik bir duruş oluşturulan olabilir ve hızlı visuomotor yanıtın ilk aşaması ile ilgisi olmayan diğer EMG sinyalleri ayrıştırılmış.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, SLR'leri sağlam bir şekilde ortaya çıkan görsel güdümlü bir erişim paradigması sunmaktır. SLR araştıran önceki çalışmalarda katılımcılar arasında daha az% 100 algılama oranları bildirdin, hatta daha invaziv intramüsküler kayıtları kullanırken6,8,9. Düşük algılama oranları ve invaziv kayıtlara duyulan güven, hastalıkta veya yaşam süresi boyunca hızlı visuomotor sisteme yönelik gelecekteki araştırmalarda SLR önlemlerinin kullanışlılığını sınırlar. Bazı denekler sadece SLR ifade olmayabilir, uyaranlar ve davranış paradigmaları daha önce kullanılan SLR uyandırmak için ideal olmayabilir. SLR geçmiş raporlar genellikle katılımcıların statik doğru görsel güdümlü ulaşır oluşturmak paradigmalar kullanmış, aniden görünen hedefleri6,9. Ancak, hızlı bir visuomotor sistem büyük olasılıkla bir hızla düşen veya uçan bir nesne ile etkileşim gerekir senaryolarda gerekli olan, statik uyaranyerine hareket daha iyi slr uyandırmak eğer merak bir yol açan. Bu nedenle, göz hareketlerini incelemek için kullanılan hareketli bir hedef paradigma adapte ettik11, ve bir pro / anti görsel güdümlü erişim görevi ile birleştirilmiştir SLR9. Daha önce kullanılan paradigmaların sonuçları ile karşılaştırıldığında6,8,9, ortaya çıkan hedef paradigmasında ki SLR'lerin daha erken evrimleştiği, daha yüksek büyüklüklere ulaştığı ve katılımcı örneğimizde daha yaygın olduğu bulunmuştur. Genel olarak, ortaya çıkan hedef paradigma, nesnel EMG önlemlerinin yüzey kayıtları, klinik popülasyonlar içinde ve yaşam süresi boyunca güçbirlaltı çalışması yla güvenilir bir şekilde yapılabildiği kadar hızlı visuomotor yanıtların ekspresyonunu teşvik etmektedir. Ayrıca, ortaya çıkan hedef paradigma birçok farklı şekilde değiştirilebilir, duyusal içine daha ayrıntılı araştırmalar teşvik, bilişsel, ve hızlı visuomotor yanıtları değiştirmek veya değiştirmek motor faktörler.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Bagnoli-8 Desktop Surface EMG System</td><td>Delsys Inc.</td><td></td><td>Another reaching apparatus may be used</td></tr><tr><td>Kinarm End-Point Robot</td><td>Kinarm, Kingston, Ontario, Canada</td><td></td><td>Another reaching apparatus may be used</td></tr><tr><td>MATLAB (version R2016a) Stateflow and Simulink applications</td><td>The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PROPixx projector</td><td>VPIXX Saint-Bruno, QC, Canada</td><td></td><td>This is a custom built addon for the Kinarm. Other displays may be used. Resolution: 1920 x 1080. Standard viewing monitors may also be used.</td></tr></tbody></table>

an emerging target paradigm to evoke fast visuomotor responses on human upper limb muscles

Görülen bir nesneye ulaşmak için görsel bilgilerin motor komutlarına dönüştürülmesi gerekir. Nesnenin rengi, şekli ve boyutu gibi görsel bilgiler işlenir ve çok sayıda beyin alanına entegre edilir, daha sonra sonuçta motor çevreye aktarılır. Bazı durumlarda, bir reaksiyon mümkün olduğunca hızlı gereklidir. Bu hızlı visuomotor dönüşümler, ve altta yatan nörolojik yüzeyler, güvenilir bir biyomarker yoksun olduğu gibi insanlarda kötü anlaşılmaktadır. Uyarıcı kilitli yanıtlar (SLR) kısa gecikme (<100 ms) elektromiyografik (EMG) aktivitesi nin ilk dalgasını temsil eden ve görsel uyarıcı sunumundan etkilenen ilk kas alımını temsil eder. SLR hızlı visuomotor dönüşümlerin ölçülebilir bir çıkış sağlar, ancak SLR sürekli geçmiş çalışmalarda tüm konularda gözlenmemiştir. Burada, sürekli olarak sağlam SLR'leri çağrıştıran bir engelin altında hareket eden bir hedefin ani ortaya çıkışını içeren yeni, davranışsal bir paradigma tanımlıyoruz. Statik uyaranlar kullanılarak SLR'ları araştıran önceki çalışmalarla karşılaştırıldığında, bu ortaya çıkan hedef paradigmasıyla uyarılmış SLR'ler daha büyüktü, daha erken evrimleşmiş ve tüm katılımcılarda mevcuttu. Erişim reaksiyon süreleri (RTs) da ortaya çıkan hedef paradigma hızlandırıldı. Bu paradigma, çeşitli duyusal, bilişsel ve motor manipülasyonların hızlı visuomotor tepkiler üzerindeki etkisinin sistematik olarak incelenmesine izin verebilecek çok sayıda modifikasyon fırsatı sağlar. Genel olarak, sonuçlarımız ortaya çıkan bir hedef paradigmasının hızlı bir visuomotor sistem içinde sürekli ve sağlam bir aktivite yitirme yeteneğine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Uyarıcı kilitli tepkiler (SLR) hareket başlangıcı ile ilişkili kas işe büyük vole önce de gelişmeye uyarıcı başlangıçlı kilitli kas aktivitesi zaman kısa patlamalar vardır. SLR'nin zamana kilitlenmiş yapısı, reaksiyon süresi (RT) için sıralanmış tüm denemeleri görüntülerken ~100 ms'de görülebilen bir kas aktivitesi 'bantlama'yı üretti(Şekil 1a, gri kutularla vurgulanmıştır). Şekil 1a'dagösterildiği gibi, SLR'ler hedef ko...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles at JoVE.com

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

Burada sunulan görsel güdümlü ulaşır sırasında insan üst ekstremite kasları üzerinde sağlam hızlı visuomotor tepkiler ortaya çıkarır bir davranış paradigmasıdır.

İnsan Üst Ekstremite Kaslarında Hızlı Visuomotor Tepkiler uyandırmak için Yükselen Bir Hedef Paradigma

To reach towards a seen object, visual information has to be transformed into motor commands. Visual information such as the object&#8217;s color, shape, ...

an-emerging-target-paradigm-to-evoke-fast-visuomotor-responses-on

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

4.2K Görüntüleme.  Western University. Burada sunulan görsel güdümlü ulaşır sırasında insan üst ekstremite kasları üzerinde sağlam hızlı visuomotor tepkiler ortaya çıkarır bir davranış paradigmasıdır.

Video: An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone else's action becomes anticipatory simulation of a complementary act. TMS was delivered to the left primary motor cortex corresponding to the hand to induce the highest level of MEP activity from the abductor digiti minimi (ADM; the muscle serving little finger abduction) as well as the first dorsal interosseus (FDI; the muscle serving index finger flexion/extension) muscles. A neuronavigation system was used to maintain the position of the TMS coil, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right ADM and FDI muscles. Producing original data with regard to motor resonance, the combined TMS/MEP technique has taken research on the perception-action coupling mechanism a step further. Specifically, it has answered the questions of how and when observing another person's actions produces motor facilitation in an onlooker's corresponding muscles and in what way corticospinal excitability is modulated in social contexts.

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, neuronavigation, and registration of electromyographic activity of hand muscles were used in this study to explore corticospinal excitability while participants were observing action sequences.

Eylem Gözlemi Sırasında Kortikospinal Uyarilebilirlik Modülasyonu

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone ...

Davranış

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Kinesthetic awareness is important to successfully navigate the environment. When we interact with our daily surroundings, some aspects of movement are deliberately planned, while others spontaneously occur below conscious awareness. The deliberate component of this dichotomy has been studied extensively in several contexts, while the spontaneous component remains largely under-explored. Moreover, how perceptual processes modulate these movement classes is still unclear. In particular, a currently debated issue is whether the visuomotor system is governed by the spatial percept produced by a visual illusion or whether it is not affected by the illusion and is governed instead by the veridical percept. Bistable percepts such as 3D depth inversion illusions (DIIs) provide an excellent context to study such interactions and balance, particularly when used in combination with reach-to-grasp movements. In this study, a methodology is developed that uses a DII to clarify the role of top-down processes on motor action, particularly exploring how reaches toward a target on a DII are affected in both deliberate and spontaneous movement domains.

It is unclear how top-down signals from the ventral visual stream affect movement. We developed a paradigm to test motor behavior towards a target on a 3D depth inversion illusion. Significant differences are reported in both deliberate, goal-directed movements and automatic actions under illusory and veridical viewing conditions.

Motor Davranış Top-down Görsel Süreçlerin Etkisi keşfedin Yöntemleri

Kinesthetic awareness is important to successfully navigate the environment. When we interact with our daily surroundings, some aspects of movement are ...

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks

There are several advantages that functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents in the study of the neural control of human movement. It is relatively flexible with respect to participant positioning and allows for some head movements during tasks. Additionally, it is inexpensive, light weight, and portable, with very few contraindications to its use. This presents a unique opportunity to study functional brain activity during motor tasks in individuals who are typically developing, as well as those with movement disorders, such as cerebral palsy. An additional consideration when studying movement disorders, however, is the quality of actual movements performed and the potential for additional, unintended movements. Therefore, concurrent monitoring of both blood flow changes in the brain and actual movements of the body during testing is required for appropriate interpretation of fNIRS results. Here, we show a protocol for the combination of fNIRS with muscle and kinematic monitoring during motor tasks. We explore gait, a unilateral multi-joint movement (cycling), and two unilateral single-joint movements (isolated ankle dorsiflexion, and isolated hand squeezing). The techniques presented can be useful in studying both typical and atypical motor control, and can be modified to investigate a broad range of tasks and scientific questions.

Monitoring brain activity during upright motor tasks is of great value when investigating the neural source of movement disorders. Here, we demonstrate a protocol that combines functional near infrared spectroscopy with continuous monitoring of muscle and kinematic activity during 4 types of motor tasks.

Motorlu Görevler sırasında Eşzamanlı Kinematik ve EMG İzleme ile Duyusal ve Motor Beyin Bölgeleri Fonksiyonel Yakın Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi

There are several advantages that functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents in the study of the neural control of human movement. It is ...

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular function include transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and three-dimensional motion capture. The advent of readily available and cost-effective virtual reality solutions has expanded the capabilities of researchers in recreating &#8220;real-world&#8221; environments and movements in a laboratory setting. Naturalistic movement analysis will not only garner a greater understanding of motor control in healthy individuals, but also permit the design of experiments and rehabilitation strategies that target specific motor impairments (e.g. stroke). The combined use of these tools will lead to increasingly deeper understanding of neural mechanisms of motor control. A key requirement when combining these data acquisition systems is fine temporal correspondence between the various data streams. This protocol describes a multifunctional system&#8217;s overall connectivity, intersystem signaling, and the temporal synchronization of recorded data. Synchronization of the component systems is primarily accomplished through the use of a customizable circuit, readily made with off the shelf components and minimal electronics assembly skills.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and 3D motion capture are commonly used non-invasive techniques for investigating neuromuscular function in humans. In this paper, we describe a protocol that synchronously samples data generated by all three of these tools along with the unique addition of virtual reality stimulus presentation and feedback.

Transkraniyal Manyetik Uyarım, Elektromiyografi, Hareket Yakalama ve Sanal Gerçeklik kullanma İnsan Motor Kontrol incelenmesi için çok fonksiyonlu Kur

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular ...

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral motor impairments that are frequently dominated in the upper limb. In addition to a reduced movement capacity of the affected upper limb, several children with unilateral CP show a reduced awareness of the remaining movement capacity of that limb. This phenomenon of disregarding the preserved capacity of the affected upper limb is regularly referred to as Developmental Disregard (DD). Different theories have been postulated to explain DD, each suggesting slightly different guidelines for therapy. Still, cognitive processes that might additionally contribute to DD in children with unilateral CP have never been directly studied. The current protocol was developed to study cognitive aspects involved in upper limb control in children with unilateral CP with and without DD. This was done by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from the ongoing EEG during target-response tasks asking for a hand-movement response. ERPs consist of several components, each of them associated with a well-defined cognitive process (e.g., the N1 with early attention processes, the N2 with cognitive control and the P3 with cognitive load and mental effort). Due to its excellent temporal resolution, the ERP technique enables to study several covert cognitive processes preceding overt motor responses and thus allows insight into the cognitive processes that might contribute to the phenomenon of DD. Using this protocol adds a new level of explanation to existing behavioral studies and opens new avenues to the broader implementation of research on cognitive aspects of developmental movement restrictions in children.

Several children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy seem to disregard the preserved capacity of their affected upper limb. This Developmental Disregard is extensively described in the literature but the involved cognitive processes have not been studied. To study underlying cognitive factors of upper limb control, an event-related potential protocol was developed.

Hedef-cevap Görevleri sırasında olaya ilişkin Potansiyeller Tek Taraflı Serebral Palsili Çocuklarda Üst Ekstremite Kullanım Bilişsel Süreçler Eğitim için

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral ...

Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use of TMS to study human movement, has been limited by the challenges related to precisely timing the delivery of TMS to features of the unfolding movement and, also, by accurately characterizing kinematics and kinetics. To overcome these technical challenges, TMS delivery and acquisition systems should be integrated with an online motion tracking system. The present manuscript details technical innovations that integrate multiple acquisition systems to facilitate and advance the use of TMS to study human movement. Using commercially available software and hardware systems, a step-by-step approach to both the hardware assembly and the software scripts necessary to perform TMS studies triggered by specific features of a movement is provided. The approach is focused on the study of upper limb, planar, multi-joint reaching movements. However, the same integrative system is amenable to a multitude of sophisticated studies of human motor control.

The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study human motor control requires the integration of data acquisition systems to control TMS delivery and simultaneously record human behavior. The present manuscript provides a detailed methodology for integrating data acquisition systems for the purpose of investigating human movement via TMS.

Çoklu Veri Toplama Sistemleri Birleştirilmesi kortikospinal Çıkışı ve Multi-segment Biyomekanik Eğitim için

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use ...

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

As far as acquiring motor skills is concerned, training by voluntary physical movement is superior to all other forms of training (e.g. training by observation or passive movement of trainee&#39;s hands by a robotic device). This obviously presents a major challenge in the rehabilitation of a paretic limb since voluntary control of physical movement is limited. Here, we describe a novel training scheme we have developed that has the potential to circumvent this major challenge. We exploited the voluntary control of one hand and provided real-time movement-based manipulated sensory feedback as if the other hand is moving. Visual manipulation through virtual reality (VR) was combined with a device that yokes left-hand fingers to passively follow right-hand voluntary finger movements. In healthy subjects, we demonstrate enhanced within-session performance gains of a limb in the absence of voluntary physical training. Results in healthy subjects suggest that training with the unique VR setup might also be beneficial for patients with upper limb hemiparesis by exploiting the voluntary control of their healthy hand to improve rehabilitation of their affected hand.

We describe a novel virtual-reality based setup which exploits voluntary control of one hand to improve motor-skill performance in the other (non-trained) hand. This is achieved by providing real-time movement-based sensory feedback as if the non-trained hand is moving. This new approach may be used to enhance rehabilitation of patients with unilateral hemiparesis.

Sanal gerçeklik bir yandan Motor beceri bilgi aktarmak için kullanma

As far as acquiring motor skills is concerned, training by voluntary physical movement is superior to all other forms of training (e.g. training by ...

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Assessment of reactive balance traditionally imposes some type of perturbation to upright stance or gait followed by measurement of the resultant corrective behavior. These measures include muscle responses, limb movements, ground reaction forces, and even direct neurophysiological measures such as electroencephalography. Using this approach, researchers and clinicians can infer some basic principles regarding how the nervous system controls balance to avoid a fall. One limitation with the way in which these assessments are currently used is that they heavily emphasize reflexive actions without any need to revise automatic postural reactions. Such an exclusive focus on these highly stereotypical reactions would fail to adequately address how we can modify these reactions should the need arise (e.g., avoiding an obstacle with a recovery step). This would appear to be a glaring omission when one considers the enormous complexity of the environments we face daily. Overall, the status quo when evaluating the neural control of balance fails to truly expose how higher brain resources contribute to preventing falls in complex settings. The present protocol offers a way to require suppression of automatic, but inappropriate corrective balance reactions, and force a selection among alternative action choices to successfully recover balance following postural perturbation.

Here we offer a protocol that allows the user to selectively change affordances and/or constraints on movements that are relevant for recovering balance after postural perturbation.

Reaktif Dengede Yanıt İnhibisyonu ve Eylem Seçimini Vurgulamak Için Modifiye Yalın ve Serbest Bırakma Tekniği

Assessment of reactive balance traditionally imposes some type of perturbation to upright stance or gait followed by measurement of the resultant ...

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

A stroke is caused when an artery carrying blood from heart to an area in the brain bursts or a clot obstructs the blood flow to brain thereby preventing delivery of oxygen and nutrients. About half of the stroke survivors are left with some degree of disability. Innovative methodologies for restorative neurorehabilitation are urgently required to reduce long-term disability. The ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure, function and connections as a response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli is called neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity is involved in post-stroke functional disturbances, but also in rehabilitation. Beneficial neuroplastic changes may be facilitated with non-invasive electrotherapy, such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and sensory electrical stimulation (SES). NMES involves coordinated electrical stimulation of motor nerves and muscles to activate them with continuous short pulses of electrical current while SES involves stimulation of sensory nerves with electrical current resulting in sensations that vary from barely perceivable to highly unpleasant. Here, active cortical participation in rehabilitation procedures may be facilitated by driving the non-invasive electrotherapy with biosignals (electromyogram (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG)) that represent simultaneous active perception and volitional effort. To achieve this in a resource-poor setting, e.g., in low- and middle-income countries, we present a low-cost human-machine-interface (HMI) by leveraging recent advances in off-the-shelf video game sensor technology. In this paper, we discuss the open-source software interface that integrates low-cost off-the-shelf sensors for visual-auditory biofeedback with non-invasive electrotherapy to assist postural control during balance rehabilitation. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept on healthy volunteers.

A novel low-cost human-machine interface for interactive post-stroke balance rehabilitation system is presented in this article. The system integrates off-the-shelf low-cost sensors towards volitionally driven electrotherapy paradigm. The proof-of-concept software interface is demonstrated on healthy volunteers.

İnme sonrası Denge Rehabilitasyon bir Nöromüsküler Elektriksel Stimülasyon Sistemi ile düşük maliyetli Sensörler entegre bir İnsan-makine arayüzü

A stroke is caused when an artery carrying blood from heart to an area in the brain bursts or a clot obstructs the blood flow to brain thereby preventing ...

Nörobilim

Capturing Dynamic Finger Gesturing with High-resolution Surface Electromyography and Computer Vision

Finger gestures are a critical element in human communication, and as such, finger gesture recognition is widely studied as a human-computer interface for state-of-the-art prosthetics and optimized rehabilitation. Surface electromyography (sEMG), in conjunction with deep learning methods, is considered a promising method in this domain. However, current methods often rely on cumbersome recording setups and the identification of static hand positions, limiting their effectiveness in real-world applications. The protocol we report here presents an advanced approach combining a wearable surface EMG and finger&#160;tracking system to capture comprehensive data during dynamic hand movements. The method records muscle activity from soft printed electrode arrays (16 electrodes) placed on the forearm as subjects perform gestures in different hand positions and during movement. Visual instructions prompt subjects to perform specific gestures while EMG and finger positions are recorded. The integration of synchronized EMG recordings and finger tracking data enables comprehensive analysis of muscle activity patterns and corresponding gestures. The reported approach demonstrates the potential of combining EMG and visual tracking technologies as an important resource for developing intuitive and responsive gesture recognition systems with applications in prosthetics, rehabilitation, and interactive technologies. This protocol aims to guide researchers and practitioners, fostering further innovation and application of gesture recognition in dynamic and real-world scenarios.

The paper presents a comprehensive protocol for simultaneously recording hand-electromyography (EMG) and visual finger tracking during natural finger gesturing. The visual data is designed to serve as the ground truth for the development of accurate EMG-based computational models for finger gesture recognition.

Yüksek Çözünürlüklü Yüzey Elektromiyografisi ve Bilgisayarlı Görü ile Dinamik Parmak Hareketlerini Yakalama

Finger gestures are a critical element in human communication, and as such, finger gesture recognition is widely studied as a human-computer interface for ...