Name: microinjection of mrna and morpholino antisense oligonucleotides in zebrafish embryos.
Uploaded: 2009-05-07T00:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microinjection of mRNA and Morpholino Antisense Oligonucleotides in Zebrafish Embryos. at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the NIH and PKD foundation to ZS. All animal experiments were conducted according to Yale Animal Resources Center (YARC) and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines.

Part 1: Preparation of micropipettes, and microinjection chamber plates
<ol>
	<li>Fabricate micropipettes by heating and pulling borosilicate glass capillary tubes (World Precision Instruments, Inc., 1B100-4) in a micropipette puller device (Sutter Instruments Inc., Flaming/Brown P-97). Store in a Petri dish on top of small amount of clay or adhesive tape.</li>
	<li>Pour 1.5% agarose (American Bioanlytical, Inc., AB00972-00500) in 1x E3 medium plates molded with wedge-shaped troughs that will serve as an easy method fo...

<ol>
	<li>Westerfield, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The zebrafish book. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio). , (2000).</li><li>Nasevicius, A., Ekker, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effective+targeted+gene+'knockdown'+in+zebrafish.">Effective targeted gene 'knockdown' in zebrafish.</a> Nat Genet. 26, 216-220 (2000).</li><li>Draper, B., Morcos, P., Kimmel, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+zebrafish+fgf8+pre-mRNA+splicing+with+morpholino+oligos:+a+quantifiable+method+for+gene+knockdown.">Inhibition of zebrafish fgf8 pre-mRNA splicing with morpholino oligos: a quantifiable method for gene knockdown.</a> Genesis. 30, 154-156 (2001).</li><li>Sun, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+genetic+screen+in+zebrafish+identifies+cilia+genes+as+a+principal+cause+of+cystic+kidney.">A genetic screen in zebrafish identifies cilia genes as a principal cause of cystic kidney.</a> Development. 131, 4085-4093 (2004).</li><li>Stuart, G., McMurray, J., Westerfield, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Replication,+integration+and+stable+germ-line+transmission+of+foreign+sequences+injected+into+early+zebrafish+embryos.">Replication, integration and stable germ-line transmission of foreign sequences injected into early zebrafish embryos.</a> Development. 103, 403-412 (1988).</li><li>Stuart, G., Vielkind, J., McMurray, J., Westerfield, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+lines+of+transgenic+zebrafish+exhibit+reproducible+patterns+of+transgene+expression.">Stable lines of transgenic zebrafish exhibit reproducible patterns of transgene expression.</a> Development. 109, 577-584 (1990).</li><li>Culp, P., N&#252;sslein-Volhard, C., Hopkins, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-frequency+germ-line+transmission+of+plasmid+DNA+sequences+injected+into+fertilized+zebrafish+eggs.">High-frequency germ-line transmission of plasmid DNA sequences injected into fertilized zebrafish eggs.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88, 7953-7957 (1991).</li><li>Strehlow, D., Heinrich, G., Gilbert, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+fates+of+the+blastomeres+of+the+16-cell+zebrafish+embryo.">The fates of the blastomeres of the 16-cell zebrafish embryo.</a> Development. 120, 1791-1798 (1994).</li><li>Helde, K., Wilson, E., Cretekos, C., Grunwald, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+early+cells+to+the+fate+map+of+the+zebrafish+gastrula.">Contribution of early cells to the fate map of the zebrafish gastrula.</a> Science. 265, 517-520 (1994).</li><li>Lin, S., Long, W., Chen, J., Hopkins, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+germ-line+chimeras+in+zebrafish+by+cell+transplants+from+genetically+pigmented+to+albino+embryos.">Production of germ-line chimeras in zebrafish by cell transplants from genetically pigmented to albino embryos.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89, 4519-4523 (1992).</li><li>Long, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GATA-1+expression+pattern+can+be+recapitulated+in+living+transgenic+zebrafish+using+GFP+reporter+gene.">GATA-1 expression pattern can be recapitulated in living transgenic zebrafish using GFP reporter gene.</a> Development. 124, 4105-4111 (1997).</li><li>Murphey, R., Zon, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+molecule+screening+in+the+zebrafish.">Small molecule screening in the zebrafish.</a> Methods. 39, 255-261 (2006).</li></ol>

Microinjection into zebrafish embryos is a well-established and robust technique for exploring the role of a particular gene in development. Applications include overexpression, misexpression, and knockdown assays of your gene of interest as well as epistatic analysis between multiple genes. Microinjection in zebrafish has been widely used for generating transgenic animals, and mapping cell fate in early blastula embryos5,6,7,8,9. In addition, the application of this technique serves as a key step in generatin...

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		<th>Material Name</th>
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<td>1x E3 Medium</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>5 mM NaCl 
0.17 mM KCl 
0.33 mM CaCl2 
0.33 mM MgSO2 
0.1% Methylene blue</td>
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			All other materials are listed in the protocol.		</div>

microinjection of mrna and morpholino antisense oligonucleotides in zebrafish embryos.

An essential tool for investigating the role of a gene during development is the ability to perform gene knockdown, overexpression, and misexpression studies. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), microinjection of RNA, DNA, proteins, antisense oligonucleotides and other small molecules into the developing embryo provides researchers a quick and robust assay for exploring gene function in vivo. In this video-article, we will demonstrate how to prepare and microinject in vitro synthesized EGFP mRNA and a translational-blocking morpholino oligo against pkd2, a gene associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), into 1-cell stage zebrafish embryos. We will then analyze the success of the mRNA and morpholino microinjections by verifying GFP expression and phenotype analysis. Broad applications of this technique include generating transgenic animals and germ-line chimeras, cell-fate mapping and gene screening. Herein we describe a protocol for overexpression of EGFP and knockdown of pkd2 by mRNA and morpholino oligonucleotide injection.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microinjection of mRNA and Morpholino Antisense Oligonucleotides in Zebrafish Embryos. at JoVE.com

Microinjection of mRNA and Morpholino Antisense Oligonucleotides in Zebrafish Embryos.

Microinjection is a well-established and effective method for introducing foreign substances into fertilized zebrafish embryos. Here, we demonstrate a robust microinjection technique for performing mRNA overexpression, and morpholino oligonucleotide gene knockdown studies in zebrafish.

An essential tool for investigating the role of a gene during development is the ability to perform gene knockdown, overexpression, and misexpression ...

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