Name: channelrhodopsin2 mediated stimulation of synaptic potentials at drosophila neuromuscular junctions
Uploaded: 2009-03-16T00:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Channelrhodopsin2 Mediated Stimulation of Synaptic Potentials at Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions at JoVE.com

이 작품은 LC 그리피스 건강 보조금 RO1GM - 33205와 MH - 067284 국립 연구소에 의해 그리고 NJ Hornstein에 브랜다 이스 대학 섬머 스쿨 학부 연구 장학 지원했다. 우즈 홀, MA에서이 기법에 대한 예비 실험은 2008 년 신경 시스템 및 행동 여름 코스 (R25 MH059472 NIMH 부여)의 일환으로 해양 생물학 연구소에서 수행되었다.

1 부 : 동물 관리 및 유전 십자가 <ol><li> UAS - ChR2 및 표준 비행 미디어 8을 포함하는 별도의 병의 OK371 - GAL4 플라이 라인 유지합니다. </li><li> OK371 - GAL4 플라이 라인과 UAS - ChR2 라인의 남성의 처녀를 수집합니다. </li><li> 1 ㎜ 모든 트랜스 망막 (ATR)과 혼합 표준 플라이 미디어가 들어있는 유리병에 남성과 여성 모두를 넣어. ATR 음식은 ~ 1 분간 전자렌지에 처음으로 용해 정...

<ol>
	<li>Keshishian, H., Broadie, K., Chiba, A., Bate, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Drosophila+neuromuscular+junction:+a+model+system+for+studying+synaptic+development+and+function.">The Drosophila neuromuscular junction: a model system for studying synaptic development and function.</a> Annu Rev Neurosci. 19, 545 (1996).</li><li>Collins, C. A., DiAntonio, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synaptic+development:+insights+from+Drosophila.">Synaptic development: insights from Drosophila.</a> Curr Opin Neurobiol. 17 (1), 35 (2007).</li><li>Lagow, R. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modification+of+a+hydrophobic+layer+by+a+point+mutation+in+syntaxin+1A+regulates+the+rate+of+synaptic+vesicle+fusion.">Modification of a hydrophobic layer by a point mutation in syntaxin 1A regulates the rate of synaptic vesicle fusion.</a> PLoS Biol. 5 (4), e72 (2007).</li><li>Nagel, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light+activation+of+channelrhodopsin-2+in+excitable+cells+of+Caenorhabditis+elegans+triggers+rapid+behavioral+responses.">Light activation of channelrhodopsin-2 in excitable cells of Caenorhabditis elegans triggers rapid behavioral responses.</a> Curr Biol. 15 (24), 2279 (2005).</li><li>Nagel, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Channelrhodopsin-2,+a+directly+light-gated+cation-selective+membrane+channel.">Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (24), 13940 (2003).</li><li>Schroll, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light-induced+activation+of+distinct+modulatory+neurons+triggers+appetitive+or+aversive+learning+in+Drosophila+larvae.">Light-induced activation of distinct modulatory neurons triggers appetitive or aversive learning in Drosophila larvae.</a> Curr Biol. 16 (17), 1741 (2006).</li><li>Lin, D. M., Auld, V. J., Goodman, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+neuronal+cell+ablation+in+the+Drosophila+embryo:+pathfinding+by+follower+growth+cones+in+the+absence+of+pioneers.">Targeted neuronal cell ablation in the Drosophila embryo: pathfinding by follower growth cones in the absence of pioneers.</a> Neuron. 14 (4), 707 (1995).</li><li>Ralph Greenspan, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Fly Pushing: The Theory and Practice of Drosophila Genetics, 2nd ed. , (2004).</li></ol>

중요 단계는 초기 절개와 근육 세포의 입력을 모두 포함하고 있습니다. 초기 절개하는 동안 신경이 절단되거나 근육이 손상된 경우 그것은 실험의 나머지 부분을 계속하기가 어렵습니다. 해부하는 동안, 하나 등 지느러미 절개하는 동안 이상 최대한 가위를 해부 각도 매우 신중해야합니다. 두 번째 중요한 단계 동안, 근육 세포를 입력할 하나는 과거 hyperpolarization ~ 30 뮤직 비디오에 대한 감시해?...

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Material Name</td>
<td>Type</td>
<td>Company</td>
<td>Catalogue Number</td>
<td>Comment</td>
</tr>	
<tr>
<td>Sylgard</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ellsworth adhesives </td>
<td>4019862</td>
<td><a href="http://www.ellsworth.com" target="_blank">www.ellsworth.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Minutens Pins</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>26002-10</td>
<td><a href="http://www.finescience.com" target="_blank">www.finescience.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dissecting Dish</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Neuroprobe Intracellular Amplifier and Head Stage</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>A-M Systems</td>
<td>680100</td>
<td><a href="http://www.a-msystems.com" target="_blank">www.a-msystems.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.adinstruments.com/products/hardware/corporate/product/ML866/" target="_blank">Powerlab 4/30 data acquisition system</a></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.adinstruments.com" target="_blank">AD instruments</a></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.adinstruments.com" target="_blank">www.adinstruments.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Grass stimulator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Grass instruments</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.grasstechnologies.com" target="_blank">www.grasstechnologies.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Desktop Computer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Dell</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.dell.com" target="_blank">www.dell.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dissecting Scope</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Leica</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.leica-microsystems.com" target="_blank">www.leica-microsystems.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Light Source</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Dolan-Jenner</td>
<td>41446-062</td>
<td><a href="http://www.dolan-jenner.com" target="_blank">www.dolan-jenner.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fly Media</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>All-Trans-Retinal</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>116-31-4</td>
<td><a href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com" target="_blank">www.sigmaaldrich.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OK-371 Gal4 Flies</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Aberle lab, Griffith lab, Bloomington stock center </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UAS-ChR2 Flies</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fiala lab, Griffith lab </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LED controller circuit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Built in Griffith lab</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.ledsupply.com" target="_blank">http://www.ledsupply.com</a> 
<a href="http://www.futureelectronics.com" target="_blank">http://www.futureelectronics.com</a> 
Composed of: 
1. 200 mA Buck Puck 
2. Blue LED 
3. Insulated wire 
4. Circuit bread board </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LED Heat Sink</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Thor Labs</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.thorlabs.com/" target="_blank">http://www.thorlabs.com/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Air Table</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>TMC</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.techmfg.com/products/accessories/intro3.html" target="_blank">http://www.techmfg.com/products/accessories/intro3.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Faraday Cage</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Built in Griffith lab</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Leica Leitz M Micro-Manipulator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Leica Leitz</td>
<td>ACS01</td>
<td><a href="http://www.leica-microsystems.com" target="_blank">www.leica-microsystems.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Electrode Holder</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Axon Instruments</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.axon.com" target="_blank">www.axon.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Borosilicate Glass</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>FHC</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.fh-co.com/p14-15.pdf" target="_blank">www.fh-co.com/p14-15.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Electrode Puller</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.sutter.com" target="_blank">www.sutter.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HL 3.1 Saline with 0.8mM Ca2+</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Contents (mM): 
NaCl:70 KCl:5 CaCl2: 0.8 MgCl2:4Sucrose:115 
NaHCO3: 10 Trehalose: 5 HEPES
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Micro-Dissection Tools</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.finescience.com" target="_blank">www.finescience.com</a></td>
</tr>		
</tbody>
</table>

channelrhodopsin2 mediated stimulation of synaptic potentials at drosophila neuromuscular junctions

<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; 애벌레 신경근육학 준비는 시냅스 생리학을 공부에 유용한 도구로 입증되었습니다<sup&gt; 1,2,3</sup&gt;. 현재, 유일하게이 준비 흥분성의 junctional 잠재력 (EJPs)를 보여주고에 사용할 의미 흡입 전극의 사용을 포함한다. 연구 및 교육 실험실 모두에서, 학생들은 종종 어려움 자극 전극의 유형을 작전하고 조작 있습니다. 현재 작업에서 우리는 원격 흡입 전극을 사용하지 않고 애벌레 NMJ에 신경 잠재력을 자극하는 방법을 보여줍니다. channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2)을 표현함으로써<sup&gt; 4,5,6</sup&gt;에<em&gt; Drosophila</em를 사용하여&gt; 모터 뉴런<em&gt; GAL4 - UAS</em&gt; 시스템<sup&gt; 7</sup&gt;, 그리고 기본적인 전기 생리학의 장비에 약간 변화를주고, 우리는 푸른 빛의 펄스와 EJPs을 안정적으로 보여주고 수 있었다. 이 기술은 학생 릭 연습 시간과 자원이 제한됩니다 neurophysiology 교육 연구소에서 특정 사용이 될 수 있습니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Channelrhodopsin2 Mediated Stimulation of Synaptic Potentials at Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions at JoVE.com

Channelrhodopsin2 Mediated Stimulation of Synaptic Potentials at Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions

이 절차에 신경근육학 교차로 (NMJ)에서 광 펄스로 신경 잠재력을 보여주고에 푸른 빛을 활성화 algal 채널 및 셀 - 특정 유전자 표현 도구를 사용하여<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; 애벌레. 이 기술은 저렴하고 연구 및 교육 연구소에서 신경 생리학 연구를위한 흡입 전극 자극을 대체 사용하기 쉬운 것입니다.

에서 시냅틱 후보의 Channelrhodopsin2 중재 ​​자극 Drosophila 신경근육학 분기점

The Drosophila larval neuromuscular preparation has proven to be a useful tool for studying synaptic physiology1,2,3. Currently, the only means available ...

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Biology

Channelrhodopsin2 Mediated Stimulation of Synaptic Potentials at Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions

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Calcium plays many roles in the nervous system but none more impressive than as the trigger for neurotransmitter release, and none more profound than as ...

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For experiments at the torque meter, flies are kept on standard fly medium at 25&deg;C and 60% humidity with a 12hr light/12hr dark regime. A standardized ...

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Drosophila에서 Visual과 강한 중재 플라이트 컨트롤을 맡은 이후로 자기 테더 시스템

It has been clear for many years that insects use visual cues to stabilize their heading in a wind stream. Many animals track odors carried in the wind. ...

Electrophysiological Methods for Recording Synaptic Potentials from the NMJ of Drosophila Larvae

Drosophila의 애벌레의 NMJ에서 시냅틱 후보를 녹음 Electrophysiological 방법

In this video, we describe the electrophysiological methods for recording synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of Drosophila larva. ...

Visually Mediated Odor Tracking During Flight in Drosophila

Drosophila의 비행 중 시각 인한 악취 추적

Flying insects use visual cues to stabilize their heading in a wind stream. Many animals additionally track odors carried in the wind. As such, visual ...

Visualizing the Live Drosophila Glial-neuromuscular Junction with Fluorescent Dyes

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라이브를 떠올리 Drosophila</em형광 염료와 함께> Glial - 신경근육학 융티온

Our project identified GFP labeled glial structures at the developing larval fly neuromuscular synapse. To look at development of live glial-nerve-muscle ...

Dissecting and Recording from The C. Elegans Neuromuscular Junction

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Neurotransmission is the process by which neurons transfer information via chemical signals to their post-synaptic targets, on a rapid time scale.   This ...

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Recent improvements in optical imaging, genetically encoded fluorophores and genetic tools allowing efficient establishment of desired transgenic animal ...

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의 양적 비교 CIS</em트렌스 제닉에서> - 규제 요소 (CRE) 활동 Drosophila melanogaster</em

Gene expression patterns are specified by cis-regulatory element (CRE) sequences, which are also called enhancers or cis-regulatory modules. A typical CRE ...

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The continued development of techniques for fast, large-scale manipulation of endogenous gene loci will broaden the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a ...

에서 시냅틱 후보의 Channelrhodopsin2 중재 ​​자극 Drosophila 신경근육학 분기점

에서 시냅틱 후보의 Channelrhodopsin2 중재 자극 Drosophila 신경근육학 분기점