Name: channelrhodopsin2 mediated stimulation of synaptic potentials at drosophila neuromuscular junctions
Uploaded: 2009-03-16T00:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Channelrhodopsin2 Mediated Stimulation of Synaptic Potentials at Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions at JoVE.com

Este trabalho foi financiado pelo National Institutes of Health concede RO1GM-33205 e MH-067284 a LC Griffith e por uma bolsa de estudos da Universidade de Verão de pesquisa Brandeis graduação para NJ Hornstein. Experimentos preliminares para esta técnica foram realizados no Laboratório de Biologia Marinha, como parte do 2008 Sistemas Neurais e Comportamento curso de verão (NIMH subvenção: R25 MH059472) de Woods Hole, MA.

Parte 1: o cuidado de animais e cruzes genética <ol><li> Manter-UAS ChR2 e linhas OK371-GAL4 voar em frascos separados contendo media voar padrão 8. </li><li> Coletar virgens de linhas OK371-GAL4 e machos de mosca-UAS ChR2 linhas. </li><li> Coloque os machos e as fêmeas em um frasco contendo media voar padrão misturado com 1 mM all-trans retinal (ATR). ATR alimentos deve ser feita pelo primeiro derretimento media voar regularmente no microondas por 1 minuto ~. Uma vez derretid...

<ol>
	<li>Keshishian, H., Broadie, K., Chiba, A., Bate, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Drosophila+neuromuscular+junction:+a+model+system+for+studying+synaptic+development+and+function.">The Drosophila neuromuscular junction: a model system for studying synaptic development and function.</a> Annu Rev Neurosci. 19, 545 (1996).</li><li>Collins, C. A., DiAntonio, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synaptic+development:+insights+from+Drosophila.">Synaptic development: insights from Drosophila.</a> Curr Opin Neurobiol. 17 (1), 35 (2007).</li><li>Lagow, R. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modification+of+a+hydrophobic+layer+by+a+point+mutation+in+syntaxin+1A+regulates+the+rate+of+synaptic+vesicle+fusion.">Modification of a hydrophobic layer by a point mutation in syntaxin 1A regulates the rate of synaptic vesicle fusion.</a> PLoS Biol. 5 (4), e72 (2007).</li><li>Nagel, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light+activation+of+channelrhodopsin-2+in+excitable+cells+of+Caenorhabditis+elegans+triggers+rapid+behavioral+responses.">Light activation of channelrhodopsin-2 in excitable cells of Caenorhabditis elegans triggers rapid behavioral responses.</a> Curr Biol. 15 (24), 2279 (2005).</li><li>Nagel, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Channelrhodopsin-2,+a+directly+light-gated+cation-selective+membrane+channel.">Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (24), 13940 (2003).</li><li>Schroll, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light-induced+activation+of+distinct+modulatory+neurons+triggers+appetitive+or+aversive+learning+in+Drosophila+larvae.">Light-induced activation of distinct modulatory neurons triggers appetitive or aversive learning in Drosophila larvae.</a> Curr Biol. 16 (17), 1741 (2006).</li><li>Lin, D. M., Auld, V. J., Goodman, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+neuronal+cell+ablation+in+the+Drosophila+embryo:+pathfinding+by+follower+growth+cones+in+the+absence+of+pioneers.">Targeted neuronal cell ablation in the Drosophila embryo: pathfinding by follower growth cones in the absence of pioneers.</a> Neuron. 14 (4), 707 (1995).</li><li>Ralph Greenspan, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Fly Pushing: The Theory and Practice of Drosophila Genetics, 2nd ed. , (2004).</li></ol>

Passos críticos envolvem tanto a dissecção inicial e à entrada das células musculares. Se os nervos são cortados ou músculo está danificado durante a dissecção inicial é difícil continuar o resto do experimento. Durante a dissecção, deve-se ter muito cuidado para dissecar ângulo tesoura para cima, tanto quanto possível durante a incisão dorsal. Durante a segunda etapa crucial, entrando em uma célula muscular, deve-se prestar atenção para uma hiperpolarização passado ~ 30 mV. Valores acima de -30 mV...

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Material Name</td>
<td>Type</td>
<td>Company</td>
<td>Catalogue Number</td>
<td>Comment</td>
</tr>	
<tr>
<td>Sylgard</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ellsworth adhesives </td>
<td>4019862</td>
<td><a href="http://www.ellsworth.com" target="_blank">www.ellsworth.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Minutens Pins</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>26002-10</td>
<td><a href="http://www.finescience.com" target="_blank">www.finescience.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dissecting Dish</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Neuroprobe Intracellular Amplifier and Head Stage</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>A-M Systems</td>
<td>680100</td>
<td><a href="http://www.a-msystems.com" target="_blank">www.a-msystems.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.adinstruments.com/products/hardware/corporate/product/ML866/" target="_blank">Powerlab 4/30 data acquisition system</a></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.adinstruments.com" target="_blank">AD instruments</a></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.adinstruments.com" target="_blank">www.adinstruments.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Grass stimulator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Grass instruments</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.grasstechnologies.com" target="_blank">www.grasstechnologies.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Desktop Computer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Dell</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.dell.com" target="_blank">www.dell.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dissecting Scope</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Leica</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.leica-microsystems.com" target="_blank">www.leica-microsystems.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Light Source</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Dolan-Jenner</td>
<td>41446-062</td>
<td><a href="http://www.dolan-jenner.com" target="_blank">www.dolan-jenner.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fly Media</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>All-Trans-Retinal</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>116-31-4</td>
<td><a href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com" target="_blank">www.sigmaaldrich.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OK-371 Gal4 Flies</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Aberle lab, Griffith lab, Bloomington stock center </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UAS-ChR2 Flies</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fiala lab, Griffith lab </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LED controller circuit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Built in Griffith lab</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.ledsupply.com" target="_blank">http://www.ledsupply.com</a> 
<a href="http://www.futureelectronics.com" target="_blank">http://www.futureelectronics.com</a> 
Composed of: 
1. 200 mA Buck Puck 
2. Blue LED 
3. Insulated wire 
4. Circuit bread board </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LED Heat Sink</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Thor Labs</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.thorlabs.com/" target="_blank">http://www.thorlabs.com/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Air Table</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>TMC</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.techmfg.com/products/accessories/intro3.html" target="_blank">http://www.techmfg.com/products/accessories/intro3.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Faraday Cage</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Built in Griffith lab</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Leica Leitz M Micro-Manipulator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Leica Leitz</td>
<td>ACS01</td>
<td><a href="http://www.leica-microsystems.com" target="_blank">www.leica-microsystems.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Electrode Holder</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Axon Instruments</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.axon.com" target="_blank">www.axon.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Borosilicate Glass</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>FHC</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.fh-co.com/p14-15.pdf" target="_blank">www.fh-co.com/p14-15.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Electrode Puller</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.sutter.com" target="_blank">www.sutter.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HL 3.1 Saline with 0.8mM Ca2+</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Contents (mM): 
NaCl:70 KCl:5 CaCl2: 0.8 MgCl2:4Sucrose:115 
NaHCO3: 10 Trehalose: 5 HEPES
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Micro-Dissection Tools</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://www.finescience.com" target="_blank">www.finescience.com</a></td>
</tr>		
</tbody>
</table>

channelrhodopsin2 mediated stimulation of synaptic potentials at drosophila neuromuscular junctions

O<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Larval preparação neuromuscular tem provado ser uma ferramenta útil para estudar a fisiologia sináptica<sup&gt; 1,2,3</sup&gt;. Atualmente, o único meio disponível para evocar potenciais excitatórios juncional (EJPs) nesta preparação envolve o uso de eletrodos de sucção. Em ambas as pesquisas e laboratórios de ensino, os alunos muitas vezes têm dificuldade em manobrar e manipular este tipo de eletrodo estimulante. No presente trabalho, mostramos como remotamente estimular potenciais sinápticos no MNJ larval sem o uso de eletrodos de sucção. Expressando channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2)<sup&gt; 4,5,6</sup&gt; Em<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Neurônios motores usando o<em&gt; GAL4-UAS</emSistema&gt;<sup&gt; 7</sup&gt;, E fazendo pequenas alterações a uma plataforma de eletrofisiologia básica, fomos capazes de evocar de forma confiável EJPs com pulsos de luz azul. Esta técnica pode ser de uso particular em laboratórios de ensino onde alunos neurofisiologia tempo de prática equipamento e os recursos são limitados.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Channelrhodopsin2 Mediated Stimulation of Synaptic Potentials at Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions at JoVE.com

Channelrhodopsin2 Mediated Stimulation of Synaptic Potentials at Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions

Este procedimento utiliza um canal activado pela luz azul de algas e células específicas de ferramentas de expressão genética para evocar potenciais sinápticos com pulsos de luz na junção neuromuscular (MNJ), em<em&gt; Drosophila</emLarvas&gt;. Esta técnica é um barato e fácil de usar alternativas ao estímulo de sucção do eletrodo para estudos de fisiologia sináptica em pesquisa e laboratórios de ensino.

Channelrhodopsin2 Estimulação Mediated de Potenciais Synaptic em Drosophila Junções Neuromusculares

The Drosophila larval neuromuscular preparation has proven to be a useful tool for studying synaptic physiology1,2,3. Currently, the only means available ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Channelrhodopsin2 Mediated Stimulation of Synaptic Potentials at Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions

Loading Drosophila Nerve Terminals with Calcium Indicators

Carregando Drosophila terminais nervosos com indicadores de cálcio

Calcium plays many roles in the nervous system but none more impressive than as the trigger for neurotransmitter release, and none more profound than as ...

Biologia

Operant Learning of Drosophila at the Torque Meter

Aprendizagem operante de Drosophila no medidor de Torque

For experiments at the torque meter, flies are kept on standard fly medium at 25&deg;C and 60% humidity with a 12hr light/12hr dark regime. A standardized ...

A Magnetic Tether System to Investigate Visual and Olfactory Mediated Flight Control in Drosophila

Um sistema de acoplamento magnético para Investigar controle de vôo visual e olfativo Mediated em Drosophila

It has been clear for many years that insects use visual cues to stabilize their heading in a wind stream. Many animals track odors carried in the wind. ...

Electrophysiological Methods for Recording Synaptic Potentials from the NMJ of Drosophila Larvae

Métodos eletrofisiológicos de gravação Potenciais Synaptic do MNJ de larvas de Drosophila

In this video, we describe the electrophysiological methods for recording synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of Drosophila larva. ...

Visually Mediated Odor Tracking During Flight in Drosophila

Visualmente Rastreamento Odor Mediated Durante o Voo em Drosophila

Flying insects use visual cues to stabilize their heading in a wind stream. Many animals additionally track odors carried in the wind. As such, visual ...

Visualizing the Live Drosophila Glial-neuromuscular Junction with Fluorescent Dyes

Visualizing the Live Drosophila Glial-neuromuscular Junction with Fluorescent Dyes

Visualizando o Live Drosophila Junção neuromuscular-Glial com corantes fluorescentes

Our project identified GFP labeled glial structures at the developing larval fly neuromuscular synapse. To look at development of live glial-nerve-muscle ...

Dissecting and Recording from The C. Elegans Neuromuscular Junction

Dissecação e gravação a partir da junção neuromuscular C. Elegans

Neurotransmission is the process by which neurons transfer information via chemical signals to their post-synaptic targets, on a rapid time scale.   This ...

In vivo Imaging of Intact Drosophila Larvae at Sub-cellular Resolution

In vivo Imaging of Intact Drosophila Larvae at Sub-cellular Resolution

Na imagem in vivo de larvas Drosophila Intact no Sub-celular Resolução

Recent improvements in optical imaging, genetically encoded fluorophores and genetic tools allowing efficient establishment of desired transgenic animal ...

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element CRE Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Comparação quantitativa de Cis-Regulamentação elemento (CRE) Atividades em transgênicos Drosophila melanogaster</em

Gene expression patterns are specified by cis-regulatory element (CRE) sequences, which are also called enhancers or cis-regulatory modules. A typical CRE ...

Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila

Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila

Recombineering Construções recombinação homóloga em<em&gt; Drosophila</em

The continued development of techniques for fast, large-scale manipulation of endogenous gene loci will broaden the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a ...