A voltage doubler circuit integrates two main components: a clamping section and a rectifier section. The clamping section consists of a capacitor (C₁) and a diode (D₁), whereas the rectifier section is equipped with another diode (D₂) and capacitor (C₂). This circuit produces an output voltage with twice the amplitude of the sinusoidal input voltage.

The circuit begins to operate when a sinusoidal input is introduced to the clamping section. Under ideal conditions, this section outputs a voltage waveform across diode D₁, effectively clamping the positive peaks at zero volts and permitting the negative peak to achieve a magnitude that is twice that of the sinusoidal input's amplitude. This transformed waveform from the clamping section, then feeds into the rectifier section. Here, a remarkable transformation occurs, yielding a DC voltage across capacitor C₂. This voltage mirrors twice the amplitude of the initial sinusoidal input providing the doubling effect that gives the circuit its name and marks its primary function.

The principle behind the voltage doubler is not only confined to doubling but can also be adapted to multiply the input voltage by higher factors, broadening its application scope. Voltage doublers are pivotal in various fields, finding their usage in scientific instruments, enhancing signal processing techniques, and serving as essential components in DC-DC converters within numerous electronic gadgets. This capability to efficiently double the voltage makes the voltage doubler circuit a cornerstone in electronic design and application.