The penis serves a dual role in sexual reproduction and urination. It consists of three main regions: the glans penis, the body, and the root, each with distinct functions and unique anatomical features.

Anatomy of the Penis

The glans penis, or the head, is the terminal part of the penis and houses the external urethral orifice, the exit point for urine and semen. Covered by the prepuce, or foreskin, the glans is noted for its sensitivity and plays a key role in sexual pleasure. The body of the penis, or the shaft, extends from the glans and is made up of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue. These tissues, surrounded by the tunica albuginea, include two dorsolateral corpora cavernosa and a single ventral corpus spongiosum. The erectile tissues are crucial for sexual function, filling with blood during arousal to enable penile erection.

Role of Erectile Tissue

The corpora cavernosa are primarily responsible for the erection of the penis. These tissues engorge with blood during sexual arousal, causing the penis to become erect. The corpus spongiosum, which surrounds the urethra, ensures that it remains open during ejaculation, allowing for the passage of semen. The interaction of these structures facilitates the mechanical aspects of sexual intercourse and ejaculation.

Root and Its Function

The root of the penis, comprising the bulb and the crura, anchors the penis to the pelvis. The bulb, an enlarged part of the corpus spongiosum, and the crura, the elongated ends of the corpora cavernosa, are essential for the stability and support of the penile structure.