Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.

Venturi Mask

The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight, plastic, cone-shaped device capable of delivering high-flow rates of oxygen (FiO2).

Advantages: The Venturi mask provides a low level of supplemental oxygen with precise FiO2 and has the potential for additional humidity. It benefits Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients who need constant, low oxygen concentrations.

Disadvantages: The Venturi mask must be removed for eating. It can be uncomfortable and may muffle the patient's voice. Ensuring that the ports are not occluded by clothing or linens is vital, as this could lead to oxygen delivery at an unsafe concentration.

Nursing Responsibilities: Nursing duties associated with the Venturi mask include changing the entrainment device to deliver higher concentrations of O₂ and ensuring that the air entrainment ports are not occluded. Nurses should also monitor the patient's comfort and remove the mask for eating.

Transtracheal Oxygen Catheter

The transtracheal oxygen delivery system involves inserting a small catheter into the trachea under local anesthesia. This catheter is attached to the oxygen source and does not interfere with talking, eating, or drinking. It delivers oxygen throughout the respiratory cycle. The collar attaches to the neck with an elastic strap and can deliver humidity and O₂ through the tracheostomy. However, some O₂ concentration may be lost to the atmosphere because the collar does not fit tightly.

Advantages: Patients report improved mobility, comfort, appearance, and lower cost with this delivery system.

Disadvantages: The transtracheal oxygen catheter requires frequent and regular cleaning. It is a surgical intervention with an associated risk of complications. Due to the collar's loose fit, some oxygen concentration can also be lost.

Nursing Responsibilities: Nursing responsibilities include regular cleaning of the collar and around the tracheostomy to prevent fluid aspiration and infection. Nurses must also periodically drain the tubing distal to the tracheostomy due to condensation.