1.2 : Mortar

Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities in masonry units, securing steel reinforcements and other structural components within walls.

The aesthetic aspect of mortar is significant, with its color greatly influencing the overall appearance of masonry work. Colors can be customized using organic pigments, with white mortar achieved through specific white ingredients. The curing process of mortar is critical for achieving optimal strength and durability in construction. Beyond masonry, mortar finds applications in plastering, pointing, grouting, and as an adhesive for ceramics. The choice of mortar color is vital, as it constitutes a considerable portion of a wall's visible area, influencing the aesthetic appeal of brick, stone, or concrete masonry walls. Before major construction projects, sample walls may be built to finalize the color combination of brick and mortar, ensuring the desired visual outcome.