Name: programmed electrical stimulation in mice
Uploaded: 2010-05-26T17:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Programmed Electrical Stimulation in Mice at JoVE.com

X.H.T.W. is a W.M. Keck Foundation Distinguished Young Scholar in Medical Research, and is also supported by NIH/NHLBI grants R01-HL089598 and R01HL091947, and Muscular Dystrophy Association grant #69238. This work is also supported in part by the Fondation Leducq Alliance for CaMKII Signalling in Heart. N.L. is the recipient of the 2009-2010 Michel Mirowski International Fellowship in Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology from Heart Rhythm Society and 2009-2012 American Heart Association Postdoc Fellowship.

Part 1. Surgical preparation
<ol>
	<li>In case programmed electrical stimulation experiments are performed as survival surgeries in mice sterile conditions will be necessary. However, the most common type of experiment is terminal in nature, for which regular clear surgical techniques suffice.</li>
 <li>The mouse is anesthetized using 2% isoflurane in 0.5 L/min 100% O2. </li>
 <li>Hair clippers are used to shave the fur from the neckline to mid chest level.</li>
 <li>The anesthetized mouse is p...

<ol>
	<li>Nattel, S., Shiroshita-Takeshita, A., Brundel, B. J., Rivard, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+atrial+fibrillation:+lessons+from+animal+models.">Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: lessons from animal models.</a> Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 48, 9-9 (2005).</li><li>Verheule, S., Sato, T., Everett, T. t., Engle, S. K., Otten, D., Rubart-von der Lohe, M., Nakajima, H. O., Nakajima, H., Field, L. J., Olgin, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+vulnerability+to+atrial+fibrillation+in+transgenic+mice+with+selective+atrial+fibrosis+caused+by+overexpression+of+TGF-beta1.">Increased vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in transgenic mice with selective atrial fibrosis caused by overexpression of TGF-beta1.</a> Circ Res. 94, 1458-1458 (2004).</li><li>Sood, S., Chelu, M. G., Oort, R. J. v. a. n., Skapura, D., Santonastasi, M., Dobrev, D., Wehrens, X. H., H, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracellular+calcium+leak+due+to+FKBP12.6+deficiency+in+mice+facilitates+the+inducibility+of+atrial+fibrillation.">Intracellular calcium leak due to FKBP12.6 deficiency in mice facilitates the inducibility of atrial fibrillation.</a> Heart Rhythm. 5, 1047-1047 (2008).</li><li>Chelu, M. G., Sarma, S., Sood, S., Wang, S., van Oort, R. J., Skapura, D. G., Li, N., Santonastasi, M., Muller, F. U., Schmitz, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calmodulin+kinase+II-mediated+sarcoplasmic+reticulum+Ca2++leak+promotes+atrial+fibrillation+in+mice.">Calmodulin kinase II-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak promotes atrial fibrillation in mice.</a> J Clin Invest. 119, 1940-1940 (2009).</li><li>Mathur, N., Subeena, S., Wang, S., van Oort, R. J., Sarma, S., Li, N., Skapura, D., Bayle, J. H., Valderrabano, M., Wehrens, X. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sudden+Infant+Death+Syndrome+in+Mice+With+an+Inherited+Mutation+in+RyR.">Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Mice With an Inherited Mutation in RyR.</a> Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. , (2009).</li></ol>

During cardiac catheterization, extensive bleeding during catheterization could increase the heart rate due to hypovolemia. In this case, an intraperitoneal injection of sterile saline (0.3 1.0 mL) could normalize filling pressure and reduce hemodynamic stress in the mouse.
Exposure to isoflurane longer than 2 hours, or higher concentrations of isoflurane (&gt;2 %) could suppress cardiac and respiratory functions in the mouse. Therefore, it is recommended that all studies be completed in le...

programmed electrical stimulation in mice

Genetically-modified mice have emerged as a preferable animal model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying conduction abnormalities, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.1 Intracardiac pacing studies can be performed in mice using a 1.1F octapolar catheter inserted into the jugular vein, and advanced into the right atrium and ventricle. Here, we illustrate the steps involved in performing programmed electrical stimulation in mice. Surface ECG and intracardiac electrograms are recorded simultaneously in the atria, atrioventricular junction, and ventricular myocardium, whereas intracardiac pacing of the atrium is performed using an external stimulator. Thus, programmed electrical stimulation in mice provides unique opportunities to explore molecular mechanisms underlying conduction defects and cardiac arrhythmias.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Programmed Electrical Stimulation in Mice at JoVE.com

Programmed Electrical Stimulation in Mice

Programmed electrical stimulation provides the ability to determine conduction properties of the heart, and the possibility to induce and terminate cardiac arrhythmias using various pacing protocols. Using a transvenous catheter, intracardiac electrogram recordings can be obtained in mice following programmed electrical stimulation protocols to identify arrhythmogenic substrates.

Genetically-modified mice have emerged as a preferable animal model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying conduction abnormalities, atrial and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene ...

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that directs chronic, high frequency electrical stimulation to specific targets in the brain through ...

Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

Gene electrotransfer is a physical method used to deliver genes into the cells by application of short and intense electric pulses, which cause ...

A Murine Model of Muscle Training by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

En murint Model of Muscle Training ved nevromuskulær elektrisk stimulering

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a common clinical modality that is widely used to restore1, maintain2 or enhance3-5 muscle functional ...

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Breathing-kontrollert elektrisk stimulering (BreEStim) for forvaltning av Nevropatisk smerte og spastisitet

Electrical stimulation (EStim) refers to the application of electrical current to muscles or nerves in order to achieve functional and therapeutic goals. ...

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Påvisning av Architectural Distortion i Prior Mammografi<em&gt; Via</em&gt; Analyse av Oriented Patterns

We demonstrate methods for the detection of architectural distortion in prior mammograms of interval-cancer cases based on analysis of the orientation of ...

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Eksitotoksiske Stimulering av Hjerne Microslices som en<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Modell av Stroke

Examining molecular mechanisms involved in neuropathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, can be difficult when using whole animal systems. As ...

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Kontrollere Parkinsons sykdom med Adaptive dyp hjernestimulering

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) has the potential to improve the treatment of Parkinson&#39;s disease by optimizing stimulation in real time ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

Carotisar infusjoner for farmakokinetiske og farmakodynamiske Analyse av Taxaner i Mus

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

En Multimodal Imaging- og stimulering basert metode for å vurdere Connectivity-relaterte Brain Excitability hos pasienter med epilepsi

Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) is a technique that identifies connectivity between different brain regions based on correlations ...