Name: quantification of &gamma;h2ax foci in response to ionising radiation
Uploaded: 2010-04-06T19:35:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantification of ÃŽÂ³H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation at JoVE.com

澳大利亚核科学与工程学院的支持，是公认的事实。 TCK的是AINSE奖项的收件人。表观医学实验室是支持由国家卫生和澳大利亚的医学研究理事会（566559）。 LM是由墨尔本研究所（墨尔本大学）和生物医学成像的华润补充奖学金支持。莫纳什显微成像（DRS斯蒂芬科迪ISKA卡迈克尔）的支持是这项工作的宝贵。

<html>细胞制备<ol><li>生长在角质形成细胞无血清培养人角质形成细胞（FEP - 1811）（K - SFM; Invitrogen公司）与表皮生长因子，牛垂体提取物和20微克/毫升庆大霉素的补充，在37 ° C和5％的CO 2 。 </li><li>用胰酶- EDTA（0.05％V / V）分离制备单细胞悬液</li><li>细胞接种于8实验室TEK第二microchamber幻灯片（万细胞/孔）和幻灯片，在37 ° C和5％的CO 2孵育3天。 </li></ol>放射<ol><l...

<ol>
	<li>Rogakou, E. P., Boon, C., Redon, C., Bonner, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Megabase+chromatin+domains+involved+in+DNA+double-strand+breaks+in+vivo.">Megabase chromatin domains involved in DNA double-strand breaks in vivo.</a> J. Cell Biol. 146, 905-916 (1999).</li><li>Bonner, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gamma+H2AX+and+cancer.">Gamma H2AX and cancer.</a> Nature Reviews Cancer. 8 (12), 957-967 (2008).</li><li>Savic, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+of+Dynamic+[gamma]-H2AX+Domains+along+Broken+DNA+Strands+Is+Distinctly+Regulated+by+ATM+and+MDC1+and+Dependent+upon+H2AX+Densities+in+Chromatin.">Formation of Dynamic [gamma]-H2AX Domains along Broken DNA Strands Is Distinctly Regulated by ATM and MDC1 and Dependent upon H2AX Densities in Chromatin.</a> Molecular Cell. 34 (3), 298-310 (2009).</li><li>Downs, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Binding+of+chromatin-modifying+activities+to+phosphorylated+histone+H2A+at+DNA+damage+sites.">Binding of chromatin-modifying activities to phosphorylated histone H2A at DNA damage sites.</a> Mol Cell. 16 (6), 979-990 (2004).</li><li>Chowdhury, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=[gamma]-H2AX+Dephosphorylation+by+Protein+Phosphatase+2A+Facilitates+DNA+Double-Strand+Break+Repair.">[gamma]-H2AX Dephosphorylation by Protein Phosphatase 2A Facilitates DNA Double-Strand Break Repair.</a> Molecular Cell. 20 (5), 801-809 (2005).</li><li>Nakada, S., Chen, G., Gingras, A., Durocher, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PP4+is+a+gamma+H2AX+phosphatase+required+for+recovery+from+the+DNA+damage+checkpoint.">PP4 is a gamma H2AX phosphatase required for recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint.</a> EMBO Rep. 9 (10), 1019-1026 (2008).</li><li>Altaf, M., Auger, A., Covic, M., C&#244;t&#233;, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Connection+between+histone+H2A+variants+and+chromatin+remodeling+complexes.">Connection between histone H2A variants and chromatin remodeling complexes.</a> Biochem Cell Biol. 87 (1), 35-50 (2009).</li><li>Kusch, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acetylation+by+Tip60+Is+Required+for+Selective+Histone+Variant+Exchange+at+DNA+Lesions.">Acetylation by Tip60 Is Required for Selective Histone Variant Exchange at DNA Lesions.</a> Science. 306, 2084-2087 (2004).</li><li>Hurlin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progression+of+human+papillomavirus+type+18-immortalized+human+keratinocytes+to+a+malignant+phenotype.">Progression of human papillomavirus type 18-immortalized human keratinocytes to a malignant phenotype.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88 (2), 570-574 (1991).</li><li>Dickey, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=H2AX:+functional+roles+and+potential+applications.">H2AX: functional roles and potential applications.</a> Chromosoma. , (2009).</li></ol>

暴露于电离辐射（γ射线），γH2AX灶形式迅速和疫源地号码后达到最大，在30-60 分钟之间2。因此，1小时后照射时间点反映初始DSB的形成。我们的实验中，我们已经用2 Gy的临床相关的辐射剂量。然而，该方法可用于辐射剂量高达4戈瑞检测初始DSB的形成;灶明显的重叠排除在较高剂量准确定量。可用于更高的辐射剂量辐照后的潜伏期较长时间，γH2AX灶因维修，造成量化的数字。通常情况下，4...

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Keratinocyte-Serum Free Medium (K-SFM)</td>
<td>Media</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>17005042</td>
<td>Keratinocyte media supplemented with human recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor 1-53 (EGF 1-53), and Bovine Pituitary Extract (BPE).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lab Tek lI Chamber Slides (8-well)</td>
<td>Chamber Slides</td>
<td>Nunc Denmark</td>
<td>NUN154534</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Coverslips (22x50mm)</td>
<td>Coverslips</td>
<td>Menzel-Gl&auml;ser</td>
<td>CS2250100</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>A7906</td>
<td>BSA (1%) is used to block any non-specific antibody binding. Primary and secondary antibodies are diluted in BSA.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PBS (without Ca2+ and Mg2+)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>17-517Q</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>0.5% Trypsin-EDTA x10</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>15400-054</td>
<td>Trypsin-EDTA (0.05%) used to detach cells from culture flasks.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Triton X-100</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>T8787</td>
<td>Triton X-100 (0.1%) used to permeabilise cells.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>158127</td>
<td>Paraformaldehyde (4%) used to fix cells.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mouse monoclonal anti-phospho histone-H2AX antibody</td>
<td>Primary Antibody</td>
<td>Millipore</td>
<td>16193</td>
<td>Dilution of primary antibody (1:500), in 1% BSA.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L)</td>
<td>Secondary Antibody</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>11029</td>
<td>Dilution of secondary antibody (1:500), in 1% BSA.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TOPRO3</td>
<td>DNA Stain</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>T3605</td>
<td>DNA stain commonly used: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI). Can only be used with microscopes with the appropriate excitation laser.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ProLong Gold</td>
<td>Anti-fade solution</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>P36930</td>
<td>Refractive index of 1.42 at 20&deg;C.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tissue Culture Flask, Vented Cap</td>
<td>Culture Flask</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>353112</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Tissue Culture Dish (150x25mm)</td>
<td>Petridish</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>353025</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Coplin Jar, glass</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Grale Scientific P/L</td>
<td>1771-OG</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Staining Trough</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Grale Scientific P/L</td>
<td>V1991.99</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Gammacell 1000 Elite Irradiator</td>
<td>Gamma Irradiator</td>
<td>Nordion International Inc.</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Zeiss LSM 510 Meta Confocal</td>
<td>Confocal Microscope</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Metamorph</td>
<td>Software for Imaging analysis</td>
<td>Molecular Devices, USA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

quantification of &gamma;h2ax foci in response to ionising radiation

DNA双链断裂（DSB的），这是无论是内源性代谢过程或外源性​​诱导，是最关键的DNA损伤一个方面的生存和保持基因组完整性。早期反应的双链断裂感应是组蛋白H2A变体，H2AX的磷酸化，丝氨酸139残留，在高度保守的C -末端SQEY图案，形成γH2AX<sup&gt; 1</sup&gt;。 （ATR）的双链断裂感应后，H2AX的迅速磷酸化的磷脂，inosito 3 - 激酶（PIKK）蛋白家族，共济失调毛细血管扩张症（ATM）的突变，DNA -蛋白激酶催化亚基和ATM和RAD3相关<sup&gt; 2</sup&gt;。通常情况下，只有少数几个碱基对（BP）在DSB有牵连，但是，有显着的信号放大，信号和修复DNA损伤的染色质修饰的重要性。 H2AX的磷酸化介导主要由ATM染色邻近地区的利差，影响约0.03％的细胞总H2AX的每DSB<sup&gt; 2,3</sup&gt;。这相当于约2000 H2AX的分子跨越〜2 MBP染色质的地区，周围的DSB网站和离散γH2AX灶形成的结果，可以很容易地可视化和免疫荧光显微镜定量磷酸化<sup&gt; 2</sup&gt;。 γH2AX在DSB的损失反映了修复，但是，有一些争论什么定义完整的双链断裂的修复，它已经提出，重新加入DNA的两条链是足够的，然而，它也被建议重新恢复压实原有的染色质状态是必要的<sup&gt; 4-8</sup&gt;。 γH2AXdisappearence涉及至少部分，去磷酸化磷酸酶，磷酸酶2A和磷酸4C<sup&gt; 5,6</sup&gt;。此外，去除再分配涉及与H2A.Z组蛋白交流的γH2AX有牵连<sup&gt; 7,8</sup&gt;。重要的是，γH2AX灶的定量分析，导致了广泛的应用在医学和核研究。在这里，我们展示了初始γ辐照壁人角质形成细胞DNA的损伤γH2AX灶的检测和定量的评价最常用的免疫方法<sup&gt; 9</sup&gt;。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantification of ÃŽÂ³H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation at JoVE.com

Quantification of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â³H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

DNA双链分子标记γH2AX形成条纹的量化已成为辐射生物学中的一个非常宝贵的工具。在这里，我们表现出免疫荧光法检测细胞对辐射的暴露后γH2AX灶的定量使用。

电离辐射的反应定量的γH2AX灶

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are induced by either endogenous metabolic processes or by exogenous sources, are one of the most critical DNA ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Quantification of &gamma;H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Quantitation of &gamma;H2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

Quantitation of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â³H2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

定量组织样本中的γH2AX灶

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly lethal and genotoxic lesions, that can arise either by endogenous (physiological or pathological) ...

科研

生物学

Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of &gamma;H2AX following Ionizing Radiation

Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â³H2AX following Ionizing Radiation

评价以下电离辐射的空间分布的γH2AX

An early molecular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is phosphorylation of the Ser-139 residue within the terminal SQEY motif of the histone ...

Polarized Translocation of Fluorescent Proteins in Xenopus Ectoderm in Response to Wnt Signaling

Polarized Translocation of Fluorescent Proteins in Xenopus Ectoderm in Response to Wnt Signaling

偏光易位荧光蛋白爪蟾外胚层响应Wnt信号

Cell polarity is a fundamental property of eukaryotic cells that is dynamically regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors during embryonic ...

Two- and Three-Dimensional Live Cell Imaging of DNA Damage Response Proteins

二维和三维活细胞成像的DNA损伤反应蛋白

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious DNA lesions a cell can encounter. If left unrepaired, DSBs harbor great potential to generate ...

Measuring Glutathione-induced Feeding Response in Hydra

测量水润谷胱甘肽诱导饲养响应

Hydra is among the most primitive organisms possessing a nervous system and chemosensation for detecting reduced glutathione (GSH) for capturing the prey. ...

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using  BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

考试蛋白在哺乳动物细胞中绑定到新生的DNA使用的BrdU芯片插槽西方技术

Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1,2) localize to the sites of DNA replication. In the previous study, using a selective inhibitor and a genetic ...

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

结晶纤维素积累高分辨率的量化<em&gt;拟南芥</em&gt;根监视特定组织细胞壁修改

Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall, the composition of which determines their final size and shape. The cell wall is composed of a complex matrix ...

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

将细胞质Foci分类为哺乳动物应激颗粒的方法

Cells are often challenged by sudden environmental changes. Stress Granules (SGs), cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes that form in cells exposed to ...

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

响应电离照射的肠上皮再生

The intestinal epithelium consists of a single layer of cells yet contains multiple types of terminally differentiated cells, which are generated by the ...

Quantification of Skeletal Muscle Fatty Infiltration via Decellularization

Decellularization-Based Quantification of Skeletal Muscle Fatty Infiltration

Decellularization-Based Quantification of Skeletal Muscle Fatty Infiltration (Video) | JoVE 

基于脱细胞的骨骼肌脂肪浸润定量

Fatty infiltration is the accumulation of adipocytes between myofibers in skeletal muscle and is a prominent feature of many myopathies, metabolic ...