Name: bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) assay for protein-protein interaction in onion cells using the helios gene gun
Uploaded: 2010-06-12T17:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation BiFC Assay for Protein-Protein Interaction in Onion Cells Using the Helios Gene Gun at JoVE.com

<p class="jove_content">We thank Drs. Steve Mount and Xiaoning Zhang for the 35S::GFP pGlowbug construct and the Hokensen Doctoral Fellowship to C. H.  Research in Z. L's laboratory is supported by the US National Science Foundation (IOB0616096 and MCB0744752). Z.L. is partially supported by the University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station.</p>

<p class="jove_title">I. Plasmid preparation</p>
<p class="jove_content">The plasmid DNA used for bombardment must be of high purity and at a concentration of 500ng/&mu;l or greater. For BiFC involving two plasmid constructs, 25 &mu;g of each plasmid is needed. In other words, 1:1 molar ratio of the two plasmids should be mixed to give rise to 50 &mu;g total plasmid DNA for the preparation of cartridges. Be mindful that adding more DNA than 50 &mu;g may cause agglomeration of the gold particles and should be avoided. Commercially available pla...

<ol>
	<li>Hu, C. D., Chinenov, Y., Kerppola, T. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+interactions+among+bZIP+and+Rel+family+proteins+in+living+cells+using+bimolecular+fluorescence+complementation.">Visualization of interactions among bZIP and Rel family proteins in living cells using bimolecular fluorescence complementation.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Mol Cell</em>. <b>9</b> (4), 789-789 (2002).</li><li>Sitaraman, J., Bui, M., Liu, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=LEUNIG_HOMOLOG+and+LEUNIG+perform+partially+redundant+functions+during+Arabidopsis+embryo+and+floral+development.">LEUNIG_HOMOLOG and LEUNIG perform partially redundant functions during Arabidopsis embryo and floral development.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Plant Physiol</em>. <b>147</b> (2), 672-672 (2008).</li><li>Walter, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+protein+interactions+in+living+plant+cells+using+bimolecular+fluorescence+complementation.">Visualization of protein interactions in living plant cells using bimolecular fluorescence complementation.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Plant J</em>. <b>40</b> (3), 428-428 (2004).</li><li>Woods, G., Zito, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+gene+gun+bullets+and+biolistic+transfection+of+neurons+in+slice+culture.">Preparation of gene gun bullets and biolistic transfection of neurons in slice culture.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>J Vis Exp</em>. , (2008).</li><li>Azhakanandam, S., Nole-Wilson, S., Bao, F., Franks, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SEUSS+and+AINTEGUMENTA+mediate+patterning+and+ovule+initiation+during+gynoecium+medial+domain+development.">SEUSS and AINTEGUMENTA mediate patterning and ovule initiation during gynoecium medial domain development.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Plant Physiol</em>. <b>146</b> (3), 1165-1165 (2008).</li><li>Zhang, X. N., Mount, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two+alternatively+spliced+isoforms+of+the+Arabidopsis+SR45+protein+have+distinct+roles+during+normal+plant+development.">Two alternatively spliced isoforms of the Arabidopsis SR45 protein have distinct roles during normal plant development.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Plant Physiol</em>. <b>150</b> (3), 1450-1450 (2009).</li></ol>

<ol>
<li>	For first time users, we recommend practicing the entire procedure, from cartridge preparation to observation, with a single plasmid constitutive reporter such as 35S::GFP or 35S::GUS. We used a 35S::GFP plasmid obtained from Drs. Steve Mount and Xiaoning Zhang<sup>6</sup> (Figure 1A, D).  The gene shot control cartridges sold at RioRad (Cat 165-2244) are not suitable for plants.</li>
<li>	For BiFC, a second positive control is necessary, which should consist of two known interacting partners fused to the C-terminal and N-terminal f...

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		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
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		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
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<td>Yellow onion</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Any supermarket</td>
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<td>Helios Gene Gun</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BioRad</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Fluorescent microscope with appropriate filters for GFP or YFP</td>
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<td>Zeiss, Nikon, Olympus</td>
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bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) assay for protein-protein interaction in onion cells using the helios gene gun

Investigation of gene function in diverse organisms relies on knowledge of how the gene products interact with each other in their normal cellular environment. The Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Assay<sup>1</sup> allows researchers to visualize protein-protein interactions in living cells and has become an essential research tool. This assay is based on the facilitated association of two fragments of a fluorescent protein (GFP) that are each fused to a potential interacting protein partner. The interaction of the two protein partners would facilitate the association of the N-terminal and C-terminal fragment of GFP, leading to fluorescence.  For plant researchers, onion epidermal cells are an ideal experimental system for conducting the BiFC assay because of the ease in obtaining and preparing onion tissues and the direct visualization of fluorescence with minimal background fluorescence. The Helios Gene Gun (BioRad) is commonly used for bombarding plasmid DNA into onion cells. We demonstrate the use of Helios Gene Gun to introduce plasmid constructs for two interacting <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> transcription factors, SEUSS (SEU) and LEUNIG HOMOLOG (LUH)<sup>2</sup> and the visualization of their interactions mediated by BiFC in onion epidermal cells.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation BiFC Assay for Protein-Protein Interaction in Onion Cells Using the Helios Gene Gun at JoVE.com

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation BiFC Assay for Protein-Protein Interaction in Onion Cells Using the Helios Gene Gun

<p class="jove_content">This article illustrates how to properly use the BioRad Helios Gene Gun to introduce plasmid DNA into onion epidermal cells and how to test for protein-protein interactions in onion cells based on the principle of Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC)</p>

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Assay for Protein-Protein Interaction in Onion Cells Using the Helios Gene Gun

Investigation of gene function in diverse organisms relies on knowledge of how the gene products interact with each other in their normal cellular ...

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