Name: Installing CLOCCS and Using it to Parameterize the Experiments
Uploaded: 2023-06-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Installing CLOCCS and Using it to Parameterize the Experiments at JoVE.com

installing cloccs and using it to parameterize the experiments

क्रॉस-प्रयोग तुलना के लिए सिंक्रनाइज़ समय-श्रृंखला डेटा का संरेखण

Time-series measurements made on synchronized populations of cells as they progress through the cell cycle is a standard method for investigating the mechanisms that control cell-cycle progression1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The ability to make comparisons across synchrony/release time-series experiments is vital to our understanding of these dynamic processes. The use of replicate experiments to corroborate findings can increase the confidence in the reproducibility of the conclusions. Furthermore, comparisons between environmental conditions, across mutants, and even between species can uncover many new insights into cell-cycle regulation. However, interexperimental variability in the recovery from synchrony and in the speed of cell-cycle progression impairs the ability to make time-point-to-time-point comparisons across replicates or between experiments with altered cell-cycle timing. Due to these challenges, replicates are often not included for the full time series (e.g., Spellman et al.4). When replicates for the entire time series are gathered, the data cannot be analyzed in aggregate, but rather a single replicate is used for analysis, and other replicates are often relegated to supplemental figures (e.g., Orlando et al.8). Furthermore, comparisons between experiments with different recovery or cell-cycle progression characteristics are difficult. The measurements of smaller intervals between an event of interest and a cell-cycle landmark (e.g., bud emergence, S-phase entry, or anaphase onset) can help reduce errors if these landmark events are tracked1,2,3,9,10,11,12. However, subtle but important differences may remain undetected or obscured using these ad hoc methods. Finally, single-cell analyses allow for analyzing cell-cycle progression without relying on synchronization or alignment13, though large-scale measurements in single-cell studies can be challenging and costly.
To overcome these difficulties, we developed the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony (CLOCCS) model to aid the analysis of time-series measurements made on synchronized populations14,15. CLOCCS is a flexible mathematical model that describes the distribution of synchronized cells across cell-cycle phases as they are released from synchrony and progress through the cell cycle. The branching process framework enables the model to account for the asymmetric qualities of mother and daughter cells after division, as observed in S. cerevisiae, while still being useful for organisms that divide by fission, such as S. pombe. The model can take inputs from a diverse set of measurement types to specify the cell-cycle phase. It can ingest budding cell-cycle phase data, which includes measurements of the percent budded cells over time, allowing for the estimation of the number of cells outside of the unbudded G1 phase14,15. The model can also ingest flow cytometric data that measures the DNA content, thus enabling the assessment of landmark transitions from G1 to S, S to G2, and M to G115. Fluorescent morphological markers can also be used to identify the cell-cycle phase. The fluorescent labeling of myosin rings, nuclei, and spindle pole bodies (SPBs) can be used to determine the cell-cycle phase, and these were incorporated into the CLOCCS model11; however, these measurements will not be described in this protocol. Additionally, the septation index was used as an input for modeling data from S. pombe14. Thus, the model can be used for cell-cycle analyses in a variety of organisms and can be further expanded.
CLOCCS is a parametric model that allows for the full Bayesian inference of multiple parameters from the input data (e.g., budding percentage, DNA content). These parameters include the recovery time from synchrony, the length of the cell-cycle period (estimated separately for mother and daughter cells), and the average cell-cycle position of the cells at each time point. These parameters represent the behavior of the average cell in the population, enabling the researcher to map each time point to a cell-cycle position expressed as a lifeline point. The conversion to lifeline points depends on the CLOCCS parameters lambda (&#955;) and mu0 (&#181;0)14,15. The parameter &#955; corresponds to the average cell-cycle period of the mother cells. However, due to the mother-daughter delay14,15, this is not the average cell-cycle period of the full population that includes both the mother and daughter cells. CLOCCS additionally infers the parameter delta (&#948;), which corresponds to the mother-daughter delay and, thus, allows for the calculation of the average cell-cycle period of the full population. Finally, because each experiment begins after release from cell-cycle synchronization, the time required to recover from the synchronization method is represented by the CLOCCS parameter &#181;0. CLOCCS fits a model to the input cell-cycle phase data and then infers these parameters using a random walk Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm14,15. By mapping multiple experiments to a common cell-cycle lifeline time scale, direct phase-specific comparisons can be made between replicates or experiments where the recovery time or cell-cycle periods are not identical8,14,15.
As synchronized populations lose synchrony at some rate over the course of the time series14,15,16,17, variability in the rate of synchrony loss can also impede quantitative comparisons across experiments. By identifying the location of populations and the variance in their distributions, CLOCCS accounts for differences in rates of synchrony loss. This powerful tool allows for specific and detailed comparisons across experiments, thus providing the ability to directly make relevant comparisons not only between replicates but also between environmental conditions, mutants, and even species that have dramatically different cell-cycle timing14,15.
This paper describes a method using CLOCCS to estimate parameters by fitting data from synchrony/release time-series experiments, map the data to a common lifeline scale, and then make relevant comparisons between replicates or experiments. Lifeline alignment allows for direct phase-specific comparisons across these experiments, which allows for the aggregation and comparison of replicates and for making more relevant comparisons across experiments with different recovery timings and cell-cycle periods.

लेखक स्पॉटलाइट: क्रॉस-प्रयोग तुलना के लिए सेल चक्र सिंक्रनाइज़ेशन मॉडल के लक्षण वर्णन हानि का उपयोग करके सिंक्रनाइज़ समय-श्रृंखला डेटा का संरेखण  

क्रॉस-प्रयोग तुलना के लिए सेल चक्र सिंक्रनाइज़ मॉडल के नुकसान की विशेषता का उपयोग करके सिंक्रनाइज़ समय-श्रृंखला डेटा का संरेखण

A major challenge of analyzing time-series experiments is that they often differ in the length of recovery from synchrony and the cell cycle period. So measurements from different experiments cannot readily be compared or analyzed in aggregate without alignment. Clocks lifeline alignment is a method for phase specific and biologically relevant comparisons between experiments and for aggregating multiple replicate experiments both of which were previously difficult or impossible.Previously phase specific and biologically relevant comparisons were made by tracking landmark events. However, using these ad hoc methods, subtle but important differences remain undetected. Comparison between time series experiments is particularly difficult between experiments with significant differences in timing such as in mutant populations or growth conditions that affect the synchrony recovery time or the cell cycle period.Clocks lifeline alignment allows for phase specific comparison in these cases. We have used clocks to align time series transcriptomic and proteomic data, which allowed for the direct comparison between the dynamics of the mRNA and the corresponding protein. Furthermore, we align time series experiments across different species, providing critical insights into cell cycle evolutionary changes.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Installing CLOCCS and Using it to Parameterize the Experiments at JoVE.com

Installing CLOCCS and Using it to Parameterize the Experiments  

CLOCCS स्थापित करना और प्रयोगों को पैरामीटर करने के लिए इसका उपयोग करना

शुरू करने के लिए, टर्मिनल में कमांड दर्ज करके सीएलओसीएस संरेखण रेपो डाउनलोड करें। conda.rec का उपयोग करके एक कोंडा वातावरण बनाएँ। उस फ़ोल्डर में टर्मिनल में कमांड दर्ज करके yml फ़ाइल जहां CLOCCS संरेखण रेपो क्लोन किया गया था।cloccs_v2023 को डबल-क्लिक करें. CLOCCS संरेखण रेपो में CLOCCS फ़ोल्डर में स्थित जार फ़ाइल और ग्राफ़िकल यूज़र इंटरफ़ेस खुलने की प्रतीक्षा करें। स्क्रीन सीएलओसीसीएस चलाने के लिए इनपुट विकल्पों की अनुमति देती है और एक बार चलने के बाद परिणाम प्रदर्शित करती है।तापमान लेबल वाले पाठ बॉक्स का उपयोग करके सेल्सियस में तापमान निर्दिष्ट करके प्रयोगात्मक स्थितियों को इनपुट करें और ड्रॉपडाउन मेनू सिंक्रो.विधि का उपयोग करके सिंक्रनाइज़ेशन विधि निर्दिष्ट करें। नवोदित डेटा के लिए सेटिंग्स इनपुट करने के लिए, मॉडल प्रकार ड्रॉपडाउन मेनू से नवोदित खमीर के लिए विकल्प बड चुनें। फ़ाइल का चयन करें बटन का उपयोग करके फ़ाइल अपलोड करके, या डेटा आयात पैनल के पाठ इनपुट बॉक्स में लिखकर डेटा आयात करें.पहला कॉलम समय बिंदुओं को निर्दिष्ट करता है, और अन्य दो कॉलम नवोदित डेटा निर्दिष्ट करते हैं। प्रवाह साइटोमेट्रिक डेटा के लिए सेटिंग्स इनपुट करने के लिए, मॉडल प्रकार ड्रॉपडाउन मेनू से फ़्लो अनुभाग का चयन करें। डेटा आयात कक्ष का उपयोग करके डेटा आयात करें और फ़ाइल का चयन करें क्लिक करें.फिर फिटिंग बॉक्स के लिए टाइम्स में समय बिंदुओं का चयन करें जिसके लिए एक प्रवाह साइटोमेट्रिक सीएलओसीएस फिट प्लॉट किया जाना चाहिए। एक बार जब सभी इनपुट या तो नवोदित या फ्लो साइटोमेट्री के लिए चुने गए हैं, तो लागू करें बटन पर क्लिक करें और फिर स्क्रीन के शीर्ष पर नमूना बटन पर क्लिक करें। अनुमानित फिट्स टैब में नवोदित वक्र या प्रवाह साइटोमेट्री प्लॉट देखें।पश्चवर्ती पैरामीटर टैब का चयन करके फ़िट से CLOCCS पैरामीटर प्राप्त करें। परिणामी तालिका में पैरामीटर से युक्त प्रत्येक पंक्ति होती है, जिसमें अंतिम पंक्ति पीछे होती है। कॉलम में औसत के लिए अनुमानित पैरामीटर, 2.5% कम आत्मविश्वास अंतराल, 97.5% ऊपरी आत्मविश्वास अंतराल और स्वीकृति दर शामिल हैं।सीएलओसीसीएस उभरते कर्व्स ठीक से फिट थे, जैसा कि डेटा बिंदुओं द्वारा प्रदर्शित किया गया था, जो एक छोटे से 95% आत्मविश्वास बैंड के साथ संबंधित फिट वक्र को पार करते हैं। फ्लो साइटोमेट्री सेल चक्र चरण डेटा के साथ, सीएलओसीसीएस प्रत्येक चयनित समय बिंदु के लिए एक सीएलओसीसीएस फिट बनाता है।

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Installing CLOCCS and Using it to Parameterize the Experiments

Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

Investigating the cell cycle often depends on synchronizing cell populations to measure various parameters in a time series as the cells traverse the cell ...