Name: patterned photostimulation with digital micromirror devices to investigate dendritic integration across branch points
Uploaded: 2011-03-02T17:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points at JoVE.com

<p class="jove_content">This work was supported by a RO1 from NIH and Merit Reviews from the VA Research Service to C.-M. T., and an individual NRSA to C.W.L.</p>

<p class="jove_title">General design considerations</p>
<p class="jove_content">If the wavelength of photo stimulation is in the visible range, such as for optogenetic experiments, the layout of the system will be considerably simpler than for UV photolysis experiments. One only needs to purchase a dual camera port module that is available from all of the microscope companies. The DMD plane can be positioned at the conjugate image plane of either one of the two camera ports. But in UV photolysis the light originating from the DMD must be brough...

<ol>
	<li>Scanziani, M., Hausser, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophysiology+in+the+age+of+light.">Electrophysiology in the age of light.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Nature</em>. <b>461</b>, 930-939 (2009).</li><li>Tang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photolysis+of+caged+neurotransmitters:+Theory+and+procedures+for+light+delivery.">Photolysis of caged neurotransmitters: Theory and procedures for light delivery.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Curr. Prot. Neurosci</em>. , 6.21.1-6.21.12 (2006).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nature+Technology+Feature,+Cell+imaging:+Light+activated.">Nature Technology Feature, Cell imaging: Light activated.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Nature</em>. <b>456</b>, 826-827 (2008).</li><li>Lutz, C., Otis, T. S., DeSars, V., Charpak, S., DeGregorio, D. A., Emiliani, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Holographic+photolysis+of+caged+neurotransmitters.">Holographic photolysis of caged neurotransmitters.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Nature Methods</em>. <b>5</b>, 821-827 (2008).</li><li>Hornbeck, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>Digital Light Processing and MEMs: An overview</em>. , .</li></ol>

<p class="jove_content">The advantage of DMD based photostimulation approach is most apparent for situations where the target occupies a relatively large area. If the target of interest is very small, such as a few dendritic spines, sequential scanning confocal and 2-photon systems are likely to be the better approach. One significant weakness of the DMD approach is its inefficient use of the available light. The bulk of the available light is necessarily directed to the OFF mirrors and not used.</p>
<p class="jove_content">The DMD based syste...

Erratum: Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Modern upright fluorescent microscope</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>CCD camera and image acquisition software</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Computer and data acquisition/interface system</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DLP Discovery Developer Kit </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>ALP3 USB interface</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>S2 + Optics w/LED</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dual camera port unit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>355nm frequency tripled NdVO4 laser (~1 W)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>DPSS Laser Inc.</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Laser shutter Model LS6</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Uniblitz</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Multimode optical fiber and fiber stretcher Model# 915</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Canadian Instrument and Research, Ltd </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>100 um core multimode fiber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Multimode Fiber launcher </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Oz Optics</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Signal generator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>up to 50 kHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Beam collimator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Olympus</td>
<td>DApo20UV340</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>UV relay lens</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Special Optics</td>
<td>#: 54-25-60-355</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>
	

patterned photostimulation with digital micromirror devices to investigate dendritic integration across branch points

<p class="jove_content">Light is a versatile and precise means to control neuronal excitability. The recent introduction of light sensitive effectors such as channel-rhodopsin and caged neurotransmitters have led to interests in developing better means to control patterns of light in space and time that are useful for experimental neuroscience. One conventional strategy, employed in confocal and 2-photon microscopy, is to focus light to a diffraction limited spot and then scan that single spot sequentially over the region of interest. This approach becomes problematic if large areas have to be stimulated within a brief time window, a problem more applicable to photostimulation than for imaging. An alternate strategy is to project the complete spatial pattern on the target with the aid of a digital micromirror device (DMD). The DMD approach is appealing because the hardware components are relatively inexpensive and is supported by commercial interests. Because such a system is not available for upright microscopes, we will discuss the critical issues in the construction and operations of such a DMD system. Even though we will be primarily describing the construction of the system for UV photolysis, the modifications for building the much simpler visible light system for optogenetic experiments will also be provided.  The UV photolysis system was used to carryout experiments to study a fundamental question in neuroscience, how are spatially distributed inputs integrated across distal dendritic branch points. The results suggest that integration can be non-linear across branch points and the supralinearity is largely mediated by NMDA receptors.</p>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points at JoVE.com

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

<p class="jove_content">Digital micromirror devices (DMD) can generate complex patterns in time and space with which to control neuronal excitability. Issues relevant to the design, construction, and operation of DMD systems are discussed. Such a system enabled the demonstration of non-linear integration across distal dendritic branch points.</p>

Light is a versatile and precise means to control neuronal excitability. The recent introduction of light sensitive effectors such as channel-rhodopsin ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Creating Two-Dimensional Patterned Substrates for Protein and Cell Confinement

Microcontact printing provides a rapid, highly reproducible method for the creation of well-defined patterned substrates.1  While microcontact printing ...

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the <em>Ex Vivo</em> Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, allows for unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow into the ventricle. Aortic ...

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Modeller og metoder til evaluering Transport af Drug Delivery Systems over cellulære Barrierer

Sub-micrometer carriers (nanocarriers; NCs) enhance efficacy of drugs by improving solubility, stability, circulation time, targeting, and release. ...

Helical Organization of Blood Coagulation Factor VIII on Lipid Nanotubes

Tandhjulsgear Organization of Blood koagulationsfaktor VIII på Lipid Nanorør

Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM)1 is a powerful approach to investigate the functional structure of proteins and complexes in a hydrated state and ...

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Planar Gradient Diffusion System til Undersøg Chemotaxis i en 3D kollaqenmatrix

The importance of cell migration can be seen through the development of human life. When cells migrate, they generate forces and transfer these forces to ...

Fabrication of a Functionalized Magnetic Bacterial Nanocellulose with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Fremstilling af en funktionaliseret Magnetic Bakteriel Nanocellulose med Iron Oxide Nanopartikler

In this study, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus is synthesized and impregnated in situ with iron oxide ...

Fabricating Cotton Analytical Devices

Bearbejdning Bomuld Analytiske Devices

A robust, low-cost analytical device should be user-friendly, rapid, and affordable. Such devices should also be able to operate with scarce samples and ...

Using Adhesive Patterning to Construct 3D Paper Microfluidic Devices

Brug Adhesive mønstret Konstruér 3D Paper mikrofluidenheder

We demonstrate the use of patterned aerosol adhesives to construct both planar and nonplanar 3D paper microfluidic devices. By spraying an aerosol ...

An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage

En eksperimentel og Finite Element-protokollen til undersøgelse af Transport af Neutrale og sigtet Opløste stoffer tværs Ledbrusken

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease that is associated with degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Degeneration of articular ...

Soft Lithographic Procedure for Producing Plastic Microfluidic Devices with View-ports Transparent to Visible and Infrared Light

Blød Litografisk Procedure for at producere plast mikrofluid enheder med Se-porte gennemsigtig til synligt og infrarødt lys

Infrared (IR) spectro-microscopy of living biological samples is hampered by the absorption of water in the mid-IR range and by the lack of suitable ...