Name: chemotactic response of marine micro-organisms to micro-scale nutrient layers
Uploaded: 2007-05-28T00:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemotactic Response of Marine Micro-Organisms to Micro-Scale Nutrient Layers at JoVE.com

我们要感谢让我们电影的一部分，这在洁净室设施的视频，在麻省理工学院微系统技术实验室。

制备 1。创建遮罩<blockquote>使用CAD软件，设计了一个透明度高清晰度印刷的渠道。这将是“面具”。 </blockquote>在洁净室： 2。清洁和烤晶圆首先，喷出的晶圆与丙酮，然后迅速与甲醇，然后用异丙醇。最后，用氮气干燥晶圆。 在5分钟的烤箱（130℃）烘烤晶圆。 <p class="jove_ste...

<ol>
	<li>Azam, F., Malfatti, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microbial+structuring+of+marine+ecosystems.">Microbial structuring of marine ecosystems.</a> Nature Reviews Microbiology. 5, 782-791 (2007).</li><li>Blackburn, N., Azam, F., Hagstrom, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatially+explicit+simulations+of+a+microbial+food+web.+.">Spatially explicit simulations of a microbial food web. .</a> Limnology and Oceanography. 42, 613-622 (1997).</li><li>Blackburn, N., Fenchel, T., Mitchell, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microscale+nutrient+patches+in+plankton+habitats+shown+by+chemotactic+bacteria.">Microscale nutrient patches in plankton habitats shown by chemotactic bacteria.</a> Science. 282, 2254-2256 (1998).</li><li>Keymer, J. E., Galajda, P., Muldoon, C., Park, S., Austin, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+metapopulations+in+nanofabricated+landscapes.">Bacterial metapopulations in nanofabricated landscapes.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 103, 17290-17295 (2006).</li><li>Mao, H., Cremer, P. S., Manson, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+sensitive,+versatile+microfluidic+assay+for+bacterial+chemotaxis.">A sensitive, versatile microfluidic assay for bacterial chemotaxis.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 100, 5449-5454 (2003).</li><li>Marcos, R., Stocker, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microorganisms+in+vortices:+a+microfluidic+setup.">Microorganisms in vortices: a microfluidic setup.</a> Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. 4, 392-398 (2006).</li><li>Park, S., Wolanin, P. M., Yuzbahyan, E. A., Lin, H., Darnton, N. C., Stock, J. B., Silberzan, P., Austin, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+topology+on+bacterial+social+interaction.">Influence of topology on bacterial social interaction.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100, 13910-13915 (2003).</li><li>Whitesides, G. M., Ostuni, E., Takayama, S., Jiang, X., Ingber, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soft+lithography+in+biology+and+biochemistry.">Soft lithography in biology and biochemistry.</a> Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 3, 335-373 (2001).</li></ol>

海洋微生物如何与当地的化学和物理环境相互作用的理解是势在必行的浮游微生物在海洋中的养分和碳循环（2007年阿扎姆和Malfatti）中的作用更加完整和准确的的感知。然而，由于许多重要的微生物的相互作用，哪些发生小尺度（毫米），技术上的限制，阻碍内异质景观生物物理化学，微生物行为的详细检查，预计要在海洋中游泳的微生物的经历。在微流体（怀特赛德斯等，2001）的最新进展使微生物生态学的详...

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<td>PDMS, Sylgard 184</td>
<td>Silicone Elastomer Kit</td>
<td>Dow Corning, Midland, MI, USA</td>
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<td>http://www.ellsworth.com/sylgard.html</td>
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<td>SU8-2100</td>
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<td>Nikon Eclipse TE2000-E inverted microscope</td>
<td>Microscope</td>
<td>Nikon, Japan</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>PEEK tubing (0.762 mm ID, 1.59 mm OD)</td>
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<td>Upchurch Scientific, Oak Harbor, WA, USA</td>
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<td>Syringes (Luer-Lok Tip)</td>
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<td>Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>CCD Camera (PCO 1600)</td>
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<td>Cooke, Romulus, MI, USA</td>
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chemotactic response of marine micro-organisms to micro-scale nutrient layers

浮游的微生物可以利用微型的资源的修补程序，在何种程度上，将有相当大的影响，为海洋trophodynamics和生物地球化学通量。然而，要在海洋营养补丁优势，游泳微生物必须克服身体力量的影响，包括分子扩散和湍流剪，这将限制的修补程序的可用性和细菌的能力找到他们。直到最近，方法上的限制，排除内修修补补的栖息地和现实的小规模流动条件下的微生物行为的直接考试。因此，我们目前的知识关于在海洋中的微生物的行为已经从理论预测采购。为了获得我们已申请了软光刻制造技术，开发微流体装置，这是我们用来创建（一）微型尺寸和扩散的特点有关海洋过程的营养补丁及（ii）微尺度海洋微生物觅食行为的新信息与剪切率对应预计在海洋的旋涡。这些微流体装置允许在异构和动态的海景直接检查的​​微生物游泳和趋化行为。 epifluorescence相衬显微镜结合使用允许的物理尺寸和营养补丁的扩散特性进行直接检查，同时观察在人口聚集的反应，除了个别微生物的游泳行为。这些实验显示，一些浮游植物，异养菌和phagotrophic原生生物物种，善于寻找和利用很短的时间框架内扩散微尺度资源补丁。我们还表明，中等剪切速率，海洋细菌能够争取自己的流量，并通过他们的环境中游泳。但是，超出阈值高剪切水平，细菌是对齐的剪切流动，并没有从流障碍游泳能力较差。微流体新颖，价格低廉的方法，为水生微生物生态学研究，并且由于其准确地建立切合实际的流场和基板梯度在微尺度的适用性，理想地适用于在互动的最小尺度微生物行为的考试。因此，我们建议微流体代表了获得一个更好地了解海洋中的微生物生态的有价值的工具。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemotactic Response of Marine Micro-Organisms to Micro-Scale Nutrient Layers at JoVE.com

Chemotactic Response of Marine Micro-Organisms to Micro-Scale Nutrient Layers

制造微流体通道和内修修补补的营养海景和剪切流内的细菌的游泳行为研究海洋微生物的趋化觅食的习性，他们在实验中实现。

海洋微生物的趋化反应的微观尺度的营养层

The degree to which planktonic microbes can exploit microscale resource patches will have considerable implications for oceanic trophodynamics and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Layers of Symbiosis - Visualizing the Termite Hindgut Microbial Community

共生层 - 可视化的白蚁后肠微生物群落

Jared Leadbetter takes us for a nature walk through the diversity of life resident in the termite hindgut - a microenvironment containing 250 different ...

科研

生物学

Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology

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In vivo Imaging of Deep Cortical Layers using a Microprism

In vivo Imaging of Deep Cortical Layers using a Microprism

在使用微深皮质层的活体成像

We present a protocol for in vivo imaging of cortical tissue using a deep-brain imaging probe in the shape of a microprism.  Microprisms are 1-mm in size ...

Using the optokinetic response to study visual function of zebrafish

使用的视动反应研究斑马鱼的视觉功能

Optokinetic response (OKR) is a behavior that an animal vibrates its eyes to follow a rotating grating around it. It has been widely used to assess the ...

Quantification of &gamma;H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Quantification of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â³H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

电离辐射的反应定量的γH2AX灶

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are induced by either endogenous metabolic processes or by exogenous sources, are one of the most critical DNA ...

Measurement of Survival Time in Brachionus Rotifers: Synchronization of Maternal Conditions

Measurement of Survival Time in Brachionus Rotifers: Synchronization of Maternal Conditions

生存时间的测量<em&gt;臂</em&gt;轮虫：产妇条件同步

Rotifers are microscopic cosmopolitan zooplankton used as models in ecotoxicological and aging studies due to their several advantages such as short ...

Hydroponics: A Versatile System to Study Nutrient Allocation and Plant Responses to Nutrient Availability and Exposure to Toxic Elements

水培：一个多功能的系统来研究营养分配和植物响应养分有效性及暴露于有毒元素

Hydroponic systems have been utilized as one of the standard methods for plant biology research and are also used in commercial production for several ...

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm

钙化事件的表征在海洋Tubeworm使用实时光学和电子显微镜技术

Characterizing the first event of biological production of calcium carbonate requires a combination of microscopy approaches. First, intracellular pH ...

Assessment of Dictyostelium discoideum Response to Acute Mechanical Stimulation

Assessment of Dictyostelium discoideum Response to Acute Mechanical Stimulation

对急性机械刺激的网柄反应的评估

Chemotaxis, or migration up a gradient of a chemoattractant, is the best understood mode of directed migration. Studies using social amoeba Dictyostelium ...

Apoptosis Induction and Detection in a Primary Culture of Sea Cucumber Intestinal Cells

海参肠细胞原培养的凋亡诱导与检测

Primary cultured cells are used in a variety of scientific disciplines as exceptionally important tools for the functional evaluation of biological ...