Name: chemotactic response of marine micro-organisms to micro-scale nutrient layers
Uploaded: 2007-05-28T00:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemotactic Response of Marine Micro-Organisms to Micro-Scale Nutrient Layers at JoVE.com

हम एमआईटी में माइक्रोसिस्टम्स प्रौद्योगिकी प्रयोगशालाओं हमें साफ कमरे की सुविधा में इस वीडियो की फिल्म का हिस्सा करने के लिए अनुमति देने के लिए धन्यवाद करना चाहते हैं.

तैयार 1. एक मुखौटा बनाएँ <blockquote> एक सीएडी सॉफ्टवेयर का प्रयोग, पारदर्शिता पर उच्च संकल्प मुद्रण के लिए चैनल डिजाइन. यह &quot;मुखौटा&quot; हो जाएगा. </blockquote> साफ कमरे में: 2. स्वच्?...

<ol>
	<li>Azam, F., Malfatti, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microbial+structuring+of+marine+ecosystems.">Microbial structuring of marine ecosystems.</a> Nature Reviews Microbiology. 5, 782-791 (2007).</li><li>Blackburn, N., Azam, F., Hagstrom, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatially+explicit+simulations+of+a+microbial+food+web.+.">Spatially explicit simulations of a microbial food web. .</a> Limnology and Oceanography. 42, 613-622 (1997).</li><li>Blackburn, N., Fenchel, T., Mitchell, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microscale+nutrient+patches+in+plankton+habitats+shown+by+chemotactic+bacteria.">Microscale nutrient patches in plankton habitats shown by chemotactic bacteria.</a> Science. 282, 2254-2256 (1998).</li><li>Keymer, J. E., Galajda, P., Muldoon, C., Park, S., Austin, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+metapopulations+in+nanofabricated+landscapes.">Bacterial metapopulations in nanofabricated landscapes.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 103, 17290-17295 (2006).</li><li>Mao, H., Cremer, P. S., Manson, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+sensitive,+versatile+microfluidic+assay+for+bacterial+chemotaxis.">A sensitive, versatile microfluidic assay for bacterial chemotaxis.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 100, 5449-5454 (2003).</li><li>Marcos, R., Stocker, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microorganisms+in+vortices:+a+microfluidic+setup.">Microorganisms in vortices: a microfluidic setup.</a> Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. 4, 392-398 (2006).</li><li>Park, S., Wolanin, P. M., Yuzbahyan, E. A., Lin, H., Darnton, N. C., Stock, J. B., Silberzan, P., Austin, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+topology+on+bacterial+social+interaction.">Influence of topology on bacterial social interaction.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100, 13910-13915 (2003).</li><li>Whitesides, G. M., Ostuni, E., Takayama, S., Jiang, X., Ingber, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soft+lithography+in+biology+and+biochemistry.">Soft lithography in biology and biochemistry.</a> Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 3, 335-373 (2001).</li></ol>

कैसे समुद्री रोगाणुओं उनके स्थानीय रासायनिक और भौतिक वातावरण के साथ बातचीत की समझ महासागरों और पोषक तत्व चक्र कार्बन (आजम और Malfatti 2007) में planktonic सूक्ष्मजीवों की भूमिका का एक और अधिक पूर्ण और सटीक धारणा के लिए आवश्य...

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<td>PDMS, Sylgard 184</td>
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chemotactic response of marine micro-organisms to micro-scale nutrient layers

The degree to which planktonic microbes can exploit microscale resource patches will have considerable implications for oceanic trophodynamics and biogeochemical flux. However, to take advantage of nutrient patches in the ocean, swimming microbes must overcome the influences of physical forces including molecular diffusion and turbulent shear, which will limit the availability of patches and the ability of bacteria to locate them. Until recently, methodological limitations have precluded direct examinations of microbial behaviour within patchy habitats and realistic small-scale flow conditions. Hence, much of our current knowledge regarding microbial behaviour in the ocean has been procured from theoretical predictions. To obtain new information on microbial foraging behaviour in the ocean we have applied soft lithographic fabrication techniques to develop 2 microfluidic devices, which we have used to create (i) microscale nutrient patches with dimensions and diffusive characteristics relevant to oceanic processes and (ii) microscale vortices, with shear rates corresponding to those expected in the ocean. These microfluidic devices have permitted a first direct examination of microbial swimming and chemotactic behaviour within a heterogeneous and dynamic seascape. The combined use of epifluorescence and phase contrast microscopy allow direct examinations of the physical dimensions and diffusive characteristics of nutrient patches, while observing the population-level aggregative response, in addition to the swimming behaviour of individual microbes. These experiments have revealed that some species of phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria and phagotrophic protists are adept at locating and exploiting diffusing microscale resource patches within very short time frames. We have also shown that up to moderate shear rates, marine bacteria are able to  fight the flow  and swim through their environment at their own accord. However, beyond a threshold high shear level, bacteria are aligned in the shear flow and are less capable of swimming without disturbance from the flow. Microfluidics represents a novel and inexpensive approach for studying aquatic microbial ecology, and due to its suitability for accurately creating realistic flow fields and substrate gradients at the microscale, is ideally applicable to examinations of microbial behaviour at the smallest scales of interaction.  We therefore suggest that microfluidics represents a valuable tool for obtaining a better understanding of the ecology of microorganisms in the ocean.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemotactic Response of Marine Micro-Organisms to Micro-Scale Nutrient Layers at JoVE.com

Chemotactic Response of Marine Micro-Organisms to Micro-Scale Nutrient Layers

microfluidic चैनलों के बद पोषक तत्व और कतरनी प्रवाह के भीतर जीवाणुओं की तैराकी व्यवहार सीस्केप के भीतर समुद्री रोगाणुओं के chemotactic foraging व्यवहार के अध्ययन के लिए और प्रयोगों में उनके क्रियान्वयन निर्माण में वर्णित हैं.

माइक्रो स्केल पोषक तत्व परतें समुद्री - सूक्ष्म जीवों के chemotactic रिस्पांस

The degree to which planktonic microbes can exploit microscale resource patches will have considerable implications for oceanic trophodynamics and ...

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