Name: recording multicellular behavior in myxococcus xanthus biofilms using time-lapse microcinematography
Uploaded: 2010-08-06T17:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recording Multicellular Behavior in Myxococcus xanthus Biofilms using Time-lapse Microcinematography at JoVE.com

这项研究是由美国国家科学基金会职业奖（MCB - 0746066，转录激活，规范应急行为表征）RDW 我们非常感谢LJ希姆库斯，BS高盛，G.孙明扬，M.歌手，LG韦尔奇，KA的墨菲，有益的讨论和对稿件的意见和HG泰勒。

用品需要： <ul><li> Klett米</li><li>移液器和提示</li><li> 2.5毫升离心管</li><li>离心</li><li> CTTYE媒体： <ul><li> Casitone 1.0％（DIFCO实验室），0.5％的酵母提取物（DIFCO实验室）， </li><li> 10.0毫米的Tris - HCl（pH值8.0），1.0毫米的KH 2 PO 4，硫酸镁 8.0毫米</li></ul></li><li> TPM的媒体： <ul><li> 10.0毫米的Tris - HCl（pH值8.0），1.0毫米的KH 2 PO 4，硫酸镁 8.0毫米</li></ul></li><li>琼脂糖</li><li...

<ol>
	<li>Taylor, R. G., Welch, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemotaxis+as+an+emergent+property+of+a+swarm.">Chemotaxis as an emergent property of a swarm.</a> J Bacteriol. 190, 6811-6816 (2008).</li><li>Curtis, P. D., Taylor, R. G., Welch, R. D., Shimkets, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+Organization+of+Myxococcus+xanthus+During+Fruiting+Body+Formation.">Spatial Organization of Myxococcus xanthus During Fruiting Body Formation.</a> J Bacteriol. 189, 9126-9130 (2007).</li><li>Mignot, T., Merlie, J. P., Zusman, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulated+pole-to-pole+oscillations+of+a+bacterial+gliding+motility+protein.">Regulated pole-to-pole oscillations of a bacterial gliding motility protein.</a> Science. 310, 855-857 (2005).</li><li>Stoodley, P., Hall-Stoodley, L., Lappin-Scott, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detachment+surface+migration,+and+other+dynamic+behavior+in+bacterial+biofilms+revealed+by+digital+time-lapse+imaging.">Detachment surface migration, and other dynamic behavior in bacterial biofilms revealed by digital time-lapse imaging.</a> Methods Enzymol. 337, 306-319 (2001).</li><li>O'Toole, G., Kaplan, H. B., Kolter, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biofilm+formation+as+microbial+development.">Biofilm formation as microbial development.</a> Annu Rev Microbiol. 54, 49-79 (2000).</li><li>O'Toole, G. A., Kolter, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flagellar+and+twitching+motility+are+necessary+for+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+biofilm+development.">Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development.</a> Mol Microbiol. 30, 295-304 (1998).</li><li>Dalton, H. M., Poulsen, L. K., Halasz, P., Angles, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Substratum-induced+morphological+changes+in+a+marine+bacterium+and+their+relevance+to+biofilm+structure.">Substratum-induced morphological changes in a marine bacterium and their relevance to biofilm structure.</a> J Bacteriol. 176, 6900-6906 (1994).</li><li>Dworkin, M., Eide, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myxococcus+xanthus+does+not+respond+chemotactically+to+moderate+concentration+gradients.">Myxococcus xanthus does not respond chemotactically to moderate concentration gradients.</a> J Bacteriol. 154, 437-442 (1983).</li><li>Dworkin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tactic+behavior+of+Myxococcus+xanthus.">Tactic behavior of Myxococcus xanthus.</a> J Bacteriol. 154, 452-459 (1983).</li><li>Wu, S. S., Kaiser, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+expression+of+the+pilA+gene+in+Myxococcus+xanthus.">Regulation of expression of the pilA gene in Myxococcus xanthus.</a> J Bacteriol. 179, 7748-7758 (1997).</li><li>Bustamante, V. H., Mart&#237;nez-Flores, I., Vlamakis, H. C., Zusman, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+the+Frz+signal+transduction+system+of+Myxococcus+xanthus+shows+the+importance+of+the+conserved+C-terminal+region+of+the+cytoplasmic+chemoreceptor+FrzCD+in+sensing+signals.">Analysis of the Frz signal transduction system of Myxococcus xanthus shows the importance of the conserved C-terminal region of the cytoplasmic chemoreceptor FrzCD in sensing signals.</a> Mol Microbiol. 53, 1501-1513 (2004).</li></ol>

定时microcinematography（TM）已经成为一个标准的方法来研究原核蠕动2-7。传统上，商标是由基板8-11使用滤纸芯，薄琼脂垫，或琼脂砖。这些方法是适当和符合成本效益的，使用时为一般细菌运动插图产生的图像序列。但是，如果图像序列的结果必须产生重复性好，定量严谨的数据，这些方法都是费时又有点不可靠。例如，人为错误造成的这些技术的变化可能导致各种各样的不准确?...

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<td>1.0% Casitone</td>
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<td>0.5% yeast extract</td>
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<td>Difco Laboratories</td>
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<td>2 x 2 cm, 0.5-mm-thick silicone rubber gasket</td>
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<td>Grace Bio-Lab Inc.</td>
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recording multicellular behavior in myxococcus xanthus biofilms using time-lapse microcinematography

δ- proteobacterium 黏细菌群包含数以百万计的细胞作为一个集体，协调运动通过一系列信号来创建复杂的，动态的模式，为应对环境线索。这些模式是自我组织和应急，他们无法通过观察单个细胞的行为的预测。使用时间推移microcinematography跟踪检测，我们确定了一个鲜明的新兴模式，在M. xanthus所谓的趋化作用，作为一个群的定向运动了对营养源 1梯度定义。 为了有效地表征microcinematography趋化通过时间推移，我们开发了一个高度修改板复杂（图1）和建造的8显微镜（图2），每一个能够捕捉时间推移视频集群。检测是严格的，足以让一致的，可量化的数据复制，产生的视频，让我们来观察和跟踪群行为的微妙变化。一旦捕捉到的视频转移到分析/存储计算机与足够的内存来处理和存储成千上万的视频。此设置的灵活性，已证明是有益的几个成员的M. xanthus社会。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recording Multicellular Behavior in Myxococcus xanthus Biofilms using Time-lapse Microcinematography at JoVE.com

Recording Multicellular Behavior in Myxococcus xanthus Biofilms using Time-lapse Microcinematography

研究<em&gt;黏细菌</em&gt;群的行为，我们设计了一个时间推移microcinematography协议，可用于不同的检测修改。它采用的是标准的显微镜适应增长的条件下，使用价格低廉，可重复使用的硅胶垫片，并产生可重复的结果。我们已经用这种方法来量化的多细胞的趋化。

在录制多细胞行为黏细菌生物膜，使用定时Microcinematography

A swarm of the &delta;-proteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus contains millions of cells that act as a collective, coordinating movement through a series of ...

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Recording Multicellular Behavior in Myxococcus xanthus Biofilms using Time-lapse Microcinematography

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