Name: rhoc gtpase activation assay
Uploaded: 2010-08-22T17:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about RhoC GTPase Activation Assay at JoVE.com

Dept. of Defense W81XWH-05-1-0005, W81XWH-06-1-0495, W81XWH-08-1-0029 and W81XWH-08-1-0356

1. Prepare GST-fusion Protein
<ol>
 <li> Glycerol stocks of JM109 competent bacteria containing the first N-terminal 90 amino acids of the rhotekin Rho binding domain (RBD) subcloned into the BamH1/EcoR1 pGEX3x vector are made. 
 
 To ensure High efficiency the following steps MUST be performed for each experiment. In our experience, freshly prepared GST-RBD is key to a robust and accurate GTPase activation assay.</li>
 <li> Add 50 &mu;L (approximate, do not thaw) of glycerol stock to 50 mL of L...

<ol>
	<li>van Golen, K. L., Wu, Z. F., Qiao, X. T., Bao, L. W., Merajver, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RhoC+GTPase,+a+novel+transforming+oncogene+for+human+mammary+epithelial+cells+that+partially+recapitulates+the+inflammatory+breast+cancer+phenotype.">RhoC GTPase, a novel transforming oncogene for human mammary epithelial cells that partially recapitulates the inflammatory breast cancer phenotype.</a> Cancer Res. 60 (20), 5832-5838 (2000).</li><li>van Golen, K. L., Wu, Z. F., Qiao, X. T., Bao, L., Merajver, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RhoC+GTPase+overexpression+modulates+induction+of+angiogenic+factors+in+breast+cells.">RhoC GTPase overexpression modulates induction of angiogenic factors in breast cells.</a> Neoplasia. 2 (5), 418-425 (2000).</li><li>Golen, K. L. v. a. n. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversion+of+RhoC+GTPase-induced+inflammatory+breast+cancer+phenotype+by+treatment+with+a+farnesyl+transferase+inhibitor.">Reversion of RhoC GTPase-induced inflammatory breast cancer phenotype by treatment with a farnesyl transferase inhibitor.</a> Mol Cancer Ther. 1 (8), 575-583 (2002).</li><li>Golen, K. L. v. a. n. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitogen+activated+protein+kinase+pathway+is+involved+in+RhoC+GTPase+induced+motility,+invasion+and+angiogenesis+in+inflammatory+breast+cancer.">Mitogen activated protein kinase pathway is involved in RhoC GTPase induced motility, invasion and angiogenesis in inflammatory breast cancer.</a> Clin Exp Metastasis. 19 (4), 301-311 (2002).</li><li>Yao, H., Dashner, E. J., van Golen, C. M., van Golen, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RhoC+GTPase+is+required+for+PC-3+prostate+cancer+cell+invasion+but+not+motility.">RhoC GTPase is required for PC-3 prostate cancer cell invasion but not motility.</a> Oncogene. 25 (16), 2285-2296 (2006).</li><li>Hall, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Type+I+Collagen+receptor+(alpha2beta1)+signaling+promotes+prostate+cancer+cell+invasion+through+RhoC+GTPase.">Type I Collagen receptor (alpha2beta1) signaling promotes prostate cancer cell invasion through RhoC GTPase.</a> Neoplasia. 10 (8), 797-803 (2008).</li><li>Sequeira, L., Dubyk, C. W., Riesenberger, T. A., Cooper, C. R., van Golen, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rho+GTPases+in+PC-3+prostate+cancer+cell+morphology,+invasion+and+tumor+cell+diapadesis.">Rho GTPases in PC-3 prostate cancer cell morphology, invasion and tumor cell diapadesis.</a> Clin Exp Metastasis. 25, 569-579 (2008).</li><li>van Golen, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CCL2+Induces+Prostate+Cancer+Transendothelial+Cell+Migration+via+Activation+of+the+Small+GTPase+Rac.">CCL2 Induces Prostate Cancer Transendothelial Cell Migration via Activation of the Small GTPase Rac.</a> J Cell Biochem. 104, 1587-1597 (2008).</li><li>Chatterjee, M., van Golen, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Int J Cancer. , (2010).</li><li>Sander, E. E., ten Klooster, J. P., van Delft, S., van der Kammen, R. A., Collard, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rac+downregulates+Rho+activity:+reciprocal+balance+between+both+GTPases+determines+cellular+morphology+and+migratory+behavior.">Rac downregulates Rho activity: reciprocal balance between both GTPases determines cellular morphology and migratory behavior.</a> J Cell Biol. 147 (5), 1009-1022 (1999).</li></ol>

The most critical step of the procedure is the generation of fresh GST-RBD. Failure to pay close attention to this step is main reason for failure. All the steps, from generation of the GST-RBD (1.2) to the overnight incubation with the cell lysate (2.5), should be done in a single day. Another crucial step is to make certain that there are enough cells to produce the cell lysates. This is of particular importance when looking at RhoC GTPase, which tends to be present in low levels in the cell.

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<td>Gluthione-sepharose 4B beads</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Criterion 4-20% Tris-HCl gels</td>
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rhoc gtpase activation assay

RhoC GTPase has 91% homology to RhoA GTPase. Because of its prevalence in cells, many reagents and techniques for RhoA GTPase have been developed. However, RhoC GTPase is expressed in metastatic cancer cells at relatively low levels. Therefore, few RhoC-specific reagents have been developed. We have adapted a Rho activation assay to detect RhoC GTPase. This technique utilizes a GST-Rho binding domain fusion protein to pull out active RhoC GTPase. In addition, we can harvest total protein at the beginning of the assay to determine levels of total (GTP and GDP bound) RhoC GTPase. This allows for the determination of active versus total RhoC GTPase in the cell. Several commercial versions of this procedure have been developed however, the commercial kits are optimized for RhoA GTPase and typically do not work well for RhoC GTPase. Parts of the assay have been modified as well as development of a RhoC-specific antibody.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about RhoC GTPase Activation Assay at JoVE.com

RhoC GTPase Activation Assay

This protocol utilizes a pull down assay to determine the levels of active RhoC GTPase within cells.

RhoC GTPase has 91% homology to RhoA GTPase.  Because of its prevalence in cells, many reagents and techniques for RhoA GTPase have been developed.  ...

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