Name: bioassays for monitoring insecticide resistance
Uploaded: 2010-12-30T16:30:00
Duration: 6 min 30 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance at JoVE.com

ברצוננו להודות Incorporated כותנה מדינת תמיכה תכנית # 08-317MO, USDA / CSREES SR-IPM גרנט 2009-34103-20018 ו לנדיס הבינלאומי למחקר מימון הקשורים בפרסום זה.

<ol>
	<li>Yu, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Toxicology and Biochemistry of Insecticides. , (2008).</li><li>Pimentel, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmental+and+Economic+Costs+of+the+Application+of+Pesticides+Primarily+in+the+United+States.">Environmental and Economic Costs of the Application of Pesticides Primarily in the United States.</a> Environ. Dev. Sustain. 7, 229-252 (2005).</li><li>Plapp, F. W., McWhorter, G. M., Vance, W. H., H, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+for+pyrethroid+resistance+in+the+tobacco+budworm+in+Texas-1986.">Monitoring for pyrethroid resistance in the tobacco budworm in Texas-1986.</a> Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences. , (1987).</li><li>Prabhaker, N., Toscano, N. C., Henneberry, T. J., Castle, S. J., Weddle, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+two+bioassay+techniques+for+resistance+monitoring+of+silverleaf+whitefly+(Homoptera:+Aleyrodidae)+in+California.">Assessment of two bioassay techniques for resistance monitoring of silverleaf whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in California.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 89, 805-815 (1996).</li><li>Sivasupramaniam, S., Johnson, S., Watson, T. F., Osman, A. A., Jassim, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=glass-vial+technique+for+monitoring+tolerance+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+(Homoptera:+Aleyrodidae)+to+selected+insecticides+in+Arizona.">glass-vial technique for monitoring tolerance of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to selected insecticides in Arizona.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 90, 66-74 (1997).</li><li>Shean, B., Cranshaw, W. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+susceptibilities+of+green+peach+aphid+(Homoptera:+Aphididae)+and+two+endoparasitoids+(Hymenopera:+Encyrtidae+and+Braconidae)+to+pesticides.">Differential susceptibilities of green peach aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and two endoparasitoids (Hymenopera: Encyrtidae and Braconidae) to pesticides.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 84, 844-850 (1991).</li><li>Willrich, M. 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C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toxicity+of+insecticides+to+Halyomorpha+halys+(Hemiptera:+Pentatomidae)+using+glass-vial+bioassays.">Toxicity of insecticides to Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) using glass-vial bioassays.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 101, 1439-1442 (2008).</li><li>Dennehy, T. J., Russell, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Susceptibility+of+Lygus+bug+populations+in+Arizona+to+acephate+(Orthene)+and+bifenthrin+(Capture)+with+related+contrasts+of+other+insecticides.">Susceptibility of Lygus bug populations in Arizona to acephate (Orthene) and bifenthrin (Capture) with related contrasts of other insecticides.</a> Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences. , (1996).</li><li>Snodgrass, G. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glass-vial+bioassay+to+estimate+insecticide+resistance+in+adult+tarnished+plant+bugs.">Glass-vial bioassay to estimate insecticide resistance in adult tarnished plant bugs.</a> Heteroptera: Miridae). J. Econ. Entomol. 89, 1053-1059 (1996).</li><li>Snoddgrass, G. L., Scott, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+discriminating-dose+bioassay+for+detecting+pyrethroid+resistance+in+tarnished+plant+bug+(+Heteroptera:+Miridae)+populations.">A discriminating-dose bioassay for detecting pyrethroid resistance in tarnished plant bug ( Heteroptera: Miridae) populations.</a> Southwest. Entomol. 24, 301-307 (1999).</li><li>Lopez, J. D., Hoffman, W. C., Latheef, M. A., Fritz, B. K., Martin, D. E., Lan, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+vial+bioassay+of+insecticidal+toxicity+against+cotton+fleahopper,+Pseudatomoscelis+seriatus+(Hemiptera:+Miridae).">Adult vial bioassay of insecticidal toxicity against cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Hemiptera: Miridae).</a> J. Pest. Sci.. 33, 261-265 (2008).</li><li>Lopez, J. D., Hoffman, W. C., Latheef, M. A., Fritz, B. K., Martin, D. E., Lan, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+toxicity+of+selected+insecticides+against+thrips+on+cotton+in+laboratory+bioassays.">Evaluation of toxicity of selected insecticides against thrips on cotton in laboratory bioassays.</a> J. Cotton Sci. 12, 188-194 (2008).</li><li>Smith, T. P., Hammond, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+susceptibility+of+sweetpotato+weevil+(Coleoptera:+Brentidae)+to+selected+insecticides.">Comparative susceptibility of sweetpotato weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae) to selected insecticides.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 99, 2024-2029 (2006).</li><li>Kanga, L. H. B., Wall, M. L., Plapp, F. W., Gardiner, E. M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pyrethroid+resistance+in+field-collected+boll+weevils+from+southeast+Arkansas+in+1994.">Pyrethroid resistance in field-collected boll weevils from southeast Arkansas in 1994.</a> Southwest. Entomol. 20, 247-253 (1995).</li><li>Bayoun, I. M., Plapp, F. W. J. r., Gilstrap, F. E., Michels, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toxicity+of+selected+insecticides+to+Diuraphis+noxia+(Homoptera:+Aphidiae)+and+its+natural+enemies.">Toxicity of selected insecticides to Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphidiae) and its natural enemies.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 88, 1177-1185 (1995).</li><li>Smith, T. R., Cave, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pesticide+susceptibility+of+Cybocephalus+nipponoicus+and+Rhyzobius+Iophanthae+(Coleoptera+Cybocephalidae,+Coccinellidae).">Pesticide susceptibility of Cybocephalus nipponoicus and Rhyzobius Iophanthae (Coleoptera Cybocephalidae, Coccinellidae).</a> Fla. Entomol. 89, 502-507 (2006).</li><li>Sukontason, K., Olson, J. K., Hartberg, W. K., Duhrkopf, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organophosphate+and+pyrethroid+susceptibilities+of+Culex+salinarius+adults+from+Texas+and+New+Jersey.">Organophosphate and pyrethroid susceptibilities of Culex salinarius adults from Texas and New Jersey.</a> J Am. Mosquito Contr. 14, 477-480 (1998).</li><li>Kanga, L. H. B., Plapp, F. W. J. r., Wall, M. L., Elzen, G. W., Lopez, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+for+resistance+to+organophosphorus,+carbamate,+and+pyrethroid+insecticides+in+the+oriental+fruit+moth+(Lepidoptera:+Torticidae).">Monitoring for resistance to organophosphorus, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides in the oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Torticidae).</a> Canadian Entomol. , 131-441 (1999).</li><li>Plapp, F. W., Jackman, J. A., Campanhola, C., Frisbie, R. E., Graves, J. B., Luttrell, R. G., Kitten, W. F., Wall, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+and+management+of+pyrethroid+resistance+in+the+tobacco+budworm+(Lepidoptera:+Noctuidae)+in+Texas,+Mississippi,+Louisiana,+Arkansas,+and+Oklahoma.">Monitoring and management of pyrethroid resistance in the tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 83, 335-341 (1990).</li><li>Mink, J. S., Boethel, D. J., Leonard, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+permethrin+resistance+in+soybean+looper+(Lepidoptera:+Noctuidae)+adults.">Monitoring permethrin resistance in soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adults.</a> J. Entomol. Sci. 28, 43-50 (1993).</li><li>Cook, D. R., Leonard, B. R., Gore, J., Temple, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Baseline+responses+of+bollworm,+Heliocoverpa+zea+(Boddie),+and+tobacco+budworm,+Heliothis+virescens+(F.),+to+indoxcarb+and+pyridalyl.">Baseline responses of bollworm, Heliocoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), to indoxcarb and pyridalyl.</a> J. Agricul. Urban Entomol. 22, 99-109 (2005).</li><li>Temple, J. H., Pommireddy, P. L., Cook, D. R., Ma&#231;on, P., Leonard, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arthopod+management:+Susceptibility+of+selected+lepidopteran+to+pests+Rynaxypyr,+a+novel+insecticide.">Arthopod management: Susceptibility of selected lepidopteran to pests Rynaxypyr, a novel insecticide.</a> J. Cotton Sci. 13, 23-31 (2009).</li><li>Plapp, F. W., Vinson, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+toxicities+of+some+insecticides+to+the+tobacco+budworm+and+its+ichneumonid+parasite,+Campoletis+sonorensis.">Comparative toxicities of some insecticides to the tobacco budworm and its ichneumonid parasite, Campoletis sonorensis.</a> Environ. Entomol. 6, 381-384 (1977).</li><li>Xu, J., Shelton, A. M., Cheng, X. i. a. N. i. a. n. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Variation+in+susceptibility+of+Diadegma+insulare+(Hymenoptera:+Ichneumonidae)+to+permethrin.">Variation in susceptibility of Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) to permethrin.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 94, 541-546 (2001).</li><li>Snodgrass, G. L., Scott, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Seasonal+changes+in+pyrethroid+resistance+in+tarnished+plant+bug+(Heteroptera:+Miridae)+populations+during+a+three+year+period+in+the+delta+area+of+Arkansas,+Louisiana+and+Mississippi.">Seasonal changes in pyrethroid resistance in tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) populations during a three year period in the delta area of Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 93, 441-446 (2000).</li><li>Miller, A. L. E., Way, M. O., Bernhardt, J., Stout, M. J., Tindall, K. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-state+resistance+monitoring+of+rice+stink+bug+with+a+new+and+old+insecticide.">Multi-state resistance monitoring of rice stink bug with a new and old insecticide.</a> , (2010).</li><li>Abbott, W. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+computing+the+effectiveness+of+an+insecticide.">A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 18, 265-267 (1925).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> User's Manual version 8.0. , (2002).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> A user's guide to Probitor Logit analysis. , (2002).</li><li>Preisler, H. K., Robertson, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Pesticide bioassays with arthropods. , (1992).</li><li>Hollingsworth, R. G., Steinkraus, D. C., Tugwell, N. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Responses+of+Arkansas+population+of+tarnished+plant+bugs+(Heteroptera:+Miridae)+to+insecticides,+and+tolerance+differences+between+nymphs+and+adults.">Responses of Arkansas population of tarnished plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) to insecticides, and tolerance differences between nymphs and adults.</a> J. Econ. Entomol. 90, 21-26 (1997).</li></ol>

אין ניגודי אינטרסים הכריז.

הערך 50 LC ניתן להשתמש כדי להקים כמו הרגישות הבסיסית של אוכלוסיית היעד (ים). ערכם של נתונים אלה יכולים להיות בסקרים ניטור בעתיד או לצורך המיידי של השוואת התוצאות הנוכחי לזה של LC נקבע בעבר 50 כדי לקבוע את הרגישות של אוכלוסיית היעד השתנה. בפועל LC 50 ערכים ניתן להשוות בין אוכלוסיות על ידי בחינת מרווחי ביטחון 95%, אם את הגבולות העליונים והתחתונים אינם חופפים, אז סביר להניח כי האוכלוסייה חווה שינוי משמעותי הרגישות ואת במצבים מסוימים היא סימן של התנגדות 33. S 50 LC יכול לשמש גם כדי לבחון שינויים עונתיים הדברה esusceptibilitye 28, או להשוות תשובות בין המינים או הדברה AI s. עבודה ניכרת גם להשתמש בנתונים אלה כדי להשוות תשובות בין זכרים ונקבות 10 או בין מבוגרים בשלבים בשלים, 10,34. לפעמים רווחי הסמך הם רחבים או לא יכול להיות מחושב. כדי לקבל רווח סמך הדוק לנהל את המבדק עם חרקים יותר ו / או יותר ריכוזי.

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		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>50-100 ml glass beaker </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Volumetric flask with stoppers (can use the amber colored flasks for light sensitive pesticides such as pyrethroids)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>20ml glass scintillation vials with un-lined lids</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>A method for color coating vials (paint or markers)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Acetone</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Commercial hotdog roller (heat element disconnected)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>2 wash bottles (one modified such that the opening is large for fast delivery of the liquid and one so that the spout opening is small for slow delivery of the liquids)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Small weigh boat (make sure all plastic materials acetone safe)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Access to a balance with 0.001g readability or a higher precision.</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Parafilm M</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Repeater pipettor</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Appropriate tips</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glass pipettes that fit in the volumetric flask.</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Hood (used to remove the acetone smell)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>A place to store insecticide solutions and vials [refrigerator (solutions), dark room or freezer depending on the chemical (vials)]</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
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bioassays for monitoring insecticide resistance

עמידות לחומרי הדברה מזיקים היא בעיה גוברת בגלל חומרי הדברה מהווים חלק בלתי נפרד של חקלאות מניבים הייצור. כאשר מספר מוצרים מסומנים עבור הדברה בודד בתוך מערכת יבול בפרט, אפשרויות שליטה כימית מוגבלים. לכן, אותו מוצר (ים) משמשים שוב ושוב, בלחץ מתמיד מבחר מושם על הדברה היעד. יש גם עלויות פיננסיים סביבתיים הקשורים להתפתחות אוכלוסיות עמידות. העלות של ההתנגדות הדברה הוערך ב כ -1.5 מיליארד דולר בשנה בארצות הברית. מאמר זה יתאר פרוטוקולים, המשמש כיום לפקח arthropod (במיוחד חרקים) אוכלוסיות לפיתוח עמידות. המבחן למבוגרים בקבוקון משמש למדידת רעילות לפנות לחומרי הדברה, שינוי של בדיקה זו משמשת-מערכתית במפעל חומרי הדברה. ב bioassays אלה, חרקים נחשפים הדברה כיתה טכני ותגובות (תמותה) נרשם במרווח שלאחר חשיפה ספציפית. נתוני התמותה כפופים התחבר probit ניתוח מנה לייצר אומדנים של ריכוז קטלני המספק התמותה ל -50% (LC 50) של אוכלוסיות היעד סדרה של אמון גבולות (CL של) כמו הערכות של השתנות הנתונים. כאשר נתונים אלה נאספים עבור מגוון של אוכלוסיות חרקים, רגישים, LC 50 יכול לשמש בסיס נתונים לצורכי ניטור בעתיד. אחרי אוכלוסיות שנחשפו מוצרים, התוצאות ניתן להשוות LC נקבע בעבר 50 באמצעות מתודולוגיה זהה.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance at JoVE.com

Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance

כתב יד זה מדגים ודן בשימוש בטכניקות סקר הרגישות חומרי הדברה לזהות התנגדות לפנות וחומרי הדברה מזיקים arthropod מערכתי.

Bioassays עבור ההתנגדות הדברה ניטור

Pest resistance to pesticides is an increasing problem because pesticides are an integral part of high-yielding production agriculture. When few products ...

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