Name: tms: using the theta-burst protocol to explore mechanism of plasticity in individuals with fragile x syndrome and autism
Uploaded: 2010-12-28T17:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism at JoVE.com

1。确定休息的运动阈值： <ol class="lalpha"><li>首先，座椅舒适的椅子在你的主题。 </li><li>下一步，适用于在第一主体的右手背inerosseus肌肉的肌电图表面电极​​。 （插入图1）如果您有麻烦定位此肌肉，问这个问题作出捏议案或他/她的食指来回移动 - 这应该使肌肉更容易找到。 </li><li>将接地电极上的主体的前臂肉香一部分。 </li><li>确定主体的左侧运动皮层的位置。虽然这方面略有不同，每个?...

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	<li>Pfeiffer, B. E., Huber, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+state+of+synapses+in+fragile+x+syndrome.">The state of synapses in fragile x syndrome.</a> Neuroscientist. 15, 549-567 (2009).</li><li>O'Donnel, W. T., Warren, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+decade+of+molecular+studies+of+fragile+x+syndrome.">A decade of molecular studies of fragile x syndrome.</a> Annual Review of Neuroscience. 25, 315-338 (2002).</li><li>Tassone, F., Hagerman, R. J., Taylor, A. K., Mills, J. B., Wood, S., Gane, L. W., Hagerman, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> American Journal of Human Genetics. 65, A493-A493 (1999).</li><li>Hagerman, R. J., Miller, L. J., McGrath-Clarke, J., Riley, K., Goldson, E., Harris, S. W., Simon, J., Church, K., Bonnell, J., Ognibene, T. C., McIntosh, D. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+stimulants+on+electrodermal+studies+in+fragile+x+syndrome.">Influence of stimulants on electrodermal studies in fragile x syndrome.</a> Microscopy Research and Technique. 57, 168-173 (2002).</li><li>Miller, L. J., McIntosh, D. N., McGrath, J., Shyu, V., Lampe, M., Taylor, A. K., Tassone, F., Neitzel, K., Stackhouse, T., Hagerman, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrodermal+response+to+sensory+stimuli+in+individuals+with+fragile+x+syndrome:+a+preliminary+report.">Electrodermal response to sensory stimuli in individuals with fragile x syndrome: a preliminary report.</a> American Journal of Medical Genetics. 83, 268-279 (1999).</li><li>Hagerman, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fragile+X:+perspectives+from+birth+through+aging.">Fragile X: perspectives from birth through aging.</a> Biological Psychiatry. 57, 73s-73s (2005).</li><li>Pascual-Leone, A., Davey, M., Wassermann, E. M., Rothwell, J., Puri, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. , (2002).</li><li>Walsh, V., Pascual-Leone, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neurochronometrics of Mind. , (2005).</li><li>Thickbroom, G. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+magnetic+stimulation+and+synaptic+plasticity:+experimental+framework+and+human+models.">Transcranial magnetic stimulation and synaptic plasticity: experimental framework and human models.</a> Experimental Brain Research. 180, 583-593 (2007).</li><li>Huang, Y. Z., Edwards, M. J., Rounis, E., Bhatia, K. P., Rothwell, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Theta+burst+stimulation+of+the+human+motor+cortex.">Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex.</a> Neuron. 45, 201-206 (2005).</li><li>Oberman, L., Eldaief, M. C., Gautam, S., Fecteau, S., Tormos, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Abnormal+Cortical+Plasticity+in+Adults+with+Asperger's+Syndrome.">Abnormal Cortical Plasticity in Adults with Asperger's Syndrome.</a> , .</li></ol>

知道TMS的后效应是反映非典型神经可塑性的时间延长，像这样的研究可能有助于创造自闭症及相关疾病的更好的和更精确的的诊断协议。 同样，随着更多的数据，我们可能能找到时间的生物标志物等神经系统病症 - 包括脆性X综合征。在这种情况下，虽然目前还没有一种治疗修复选项，早期发现可以帮助家长和教育工作者确定为自己的孩子的独特的发展轨迹的最佳做法。

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tms: using the theta-burst protocol to explore mechanism of plasticity in individuals with fragile x syndrome and autism

脆性X综合征（FXS），又称马丁-贝尔综合征 ，是一种遗传异常的X染色体上的发现1,2个人表达FMR1 FXS显示异常痛苦-为典型的，健康的神经系统发育所需的一种蛋白质。 3最近的数据表明，这种蛋白质的损失可能会导致皮质hyperexcitable从而影响神经可塑性的整体格局 。4,5 此外，脆性X显示了一个有自闭症的强烈合并症：事实上，30％的儿童与FXS诊断患有自闭症，和2 - 5％的自闭症儿童遭受的 FXS 6。 颅磁刺激（一种非侵入性neurostimulatory和neuromodulatory技术，可以短暂或持久的调节通过局部磁场脉冲7,8的应用皮质兴奋）代表一个独特的方法，探索在受影响的个人的可塑性和表现的FXS。更具体地说，西塔爆裂刺激公司（TBS），显示调节为一个持续时间可达30分钟后，在健康人群的刺激停 ​​止的皮层可塑性的一个特定的刺激协议，已经证明在异常的可塑性探索一种有效的工具。9,10 最近的研究表明日本TBS电视台去年的影响相当长的自闭症频谱个人- 。长达90分钟11本扩展的效果，持续时间表明大脑的自然可塑性状态的一个潜在的异常孤独症患者-类似由脆弱引起的过度兴奋X综合征。 在这个实验中，采用单脉冲马达诱发电位（MEPS）作为我们的基准，我们将探讨在从患有自闭症的FXS和个人的个人皮层可塑性间歇式和连续的日本TBS电视台的影响。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism at JoVE.com

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism

在这篇文章中，我们研究的Theta突发TMS刺激个人患有脆性X综合症和自闭症个人皮层可塑性的影响。

TMS：使用的Theta突发协议，以探索个人与脆性X综合征与孤独症的可塑性Mechasnism

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), also known as Martin-Bell Syndrome, is a genetic abnormality found on the X chromosome.1,2 Individuals suffering from FXS ...

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