Name: a 96 well microtiter plate-based method for monitoring formation and antifungal susceptibility testing of candida albicans biofilms
Uploaded: 2010-10-21T00:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms at JoVE.com

실험실에서 Biofilm 관련 작업은 부여에 의해 자금 치과 &amp; Craniofacial 연구 및 알레르기 및 전염병 (JLL - R 있습니다.)에 대한 국립 연구소의 국립 연구소에서 R21DE017294 및 R21AI080930 번호가 있습니다. 내용은 전적으로 저자의 책임이며 반드시 NIDCR, NIAID 또는 NIH의 공식 견해를 대변하지 않습니다.

1. C.의 준비 albicans C. albicans는 위험 그룹 1/BSL1 미생물입니다. 항상이 미생물과 함께 일을 잘 무균 / 살균 기술을 사용하여 생물 학적 물질의 적절한 처리를위한 제도적 절차를 따르도록 기억 해요. <ol><li> C.의 야간 문화를 준비 C.의 단일 식민지 inoculating하여 YPD (효모 펩톤 덱스 트로 오스) 액체 매체 albicans YPD 25 ML에 albicans. </li>...

<ol>
	<li>Bachmann, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+activity+of+caspofungin+against+Candida+albicans+biofilms.">In vitro activity of caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilms.</a> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 46, 3591-3596 (2002).</li><li>Hawser, S. P., Norris, H., Jessup, C. J., Ghannoum, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+a+2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-t+etrazolium+hydroxide+(XTT)+colorimetric+method+with+the+standardized+National+Committee+for+Clinical+Laboratory+Standards+method+of+testing+clinical+yeast+isolates+for+susceptibility+to+antifungal+agents.">Comparison of a 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-t etrazolium hydroxide (XTT) colorimetric method with the standardized National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards method of testing clinical yeast isolates for susceptibility to antifungal agents.</a> J Clin Microbiol. 36, 1450-1452 (1998).</li><li>Kuhn, D. M., Balkis, M., Chandra, J., Mukherjee, P. K., Ghannoum, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uses+and+limitations+of+the+XTT+assay+in+studies+of+Candida+growth+and+metabolism.">Uses and limitations of the XTT assay in studies of Candida growth and metabolism.</a> J Clin Microbiol. 41, 506-508 (2003).</li><li>Kuhn, D. M., George, T., Chandra, J., Mukherjee, P. K., Ghannoum, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antifungal+susceptibility+of+Candida+biofilms:+Unique+efficacy+of+amphotericin+B+lipid+formulations+and+echinocandins.">Antifungal susceptibility of Candida biofilms: Unique efficacy of amphotericin B lipid formulations and echinocandins.</a> Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 1773-1780 (2002).</li><li>Nobile, C. J., Mitchell, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=C.+albicans+transcription+factor+Bcr1p:+a+regulator+of+cell-surface+genes+and+biofilm+formation.">C. albicans transcription factor Bcr1p: a regulator of cell-surface genes and biofilm formation.</a> Current Biol. 15, 1150-1155 (2005).</li><li>Ramage, G., Saville, S. P., Thomas, D. P., Lopez-Ribot, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Candida+biofilms:+an+update.">Candida biofilms: an update.</a> Eukaryot Cell. 4, 633-638 (2005).</li><li>Ramage, G., Vande Walle, K., Wickes, B. L., p, B. L., Lopez-Ribot, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standardized+method+for+in+vitro+antifungal+susceptibility+testing+of+Candida+albicans+biofilms.">Standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida albicans biofilms.</a> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 45, 2475-2479 (2001).</li><li>Bachmann, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antifungal+combinations+against+Candida+albicans+biofilms+in+vitro.">Antifungal combinations against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro.</a> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 47, 3657-3659 (2003).</li><li>Ramage, G., VandeWalle, K., Bachmann, S. P., Wickes, B. L., Lopez-Ribot, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+pharmacodynamic+properties+of+three+antifungal+agents+against+preformed+Candida+albicans+biofilms+determined+by+time-kill+studies.">In vitro pharmacodynamic properties of three antifungal agents against preformed Candida albicans biofilms determined by time-kill studies.</a> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 46, 3634-3636 (2002).</li><li>Ramage, G., VandeWalle, K., Wickes, B. L., L&#243;pez-Ribot, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characteristics+of+biofilm+formation+by+Candida+albicans.">Characteristics of biofilm formation by Candida albicans.</a> Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 18, 163-170 (2001).</li><li>Tellier, R., Krajden, M., Grigoriew, G. A., Campbell, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Innovative+endpoint+determination+system+for+antifungal+susceptibility+testing+of+yeasts.">Innovative endpoint determination system for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts.</a> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 36, 1619-1625 (1992).</li><li>Nett, J., Andes, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Candida+albicans+biofilm+development,+modeling+a+host-pathogen+interaction.">Candida albicans biofilm development, modeling a host-pathogen interaction.</a> Curr Opin Microbiol. 9, 340-345 (2006).</li></ol>

여기 XTT를 사용하여 biofilm 내에서 세포의 대사 활동을 측정 colorimetric 방법으로 결합 캔디다 biofilms의 형성을위한 단순하고 신속하고 경제적이며 높은 재현성 96 웰 플레이트 microtiter 모델을 설명합니다. biofilm 형성을위한이 96 잘 microtiter 플레이트 모델은 원래 C. 위해 개발되었습니다 albicans하지만 다른 캔디다 종에 사용될 수 있습니다. 쉽게 다른 곰팡이 유기체에 대한 ?...

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Sabouraud-dextrose agar</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
<td>211584</td>
<td>To prepare plates for fresh subcultures of fungal isolates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YPD: Yeast peptone dextrose</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>US Biological </td>
<td>Y2076</td>
<td>Medium for propagation of overnight liquid cultures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RPMI-1640 without sodium bicarbonate supplemented with L-glutamine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cellgro</td>
<td>50-020-PB</td>
<td>Liquid medium for biofilm formation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>BP308</td>
<td>To buffer RPMI 1640</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Phosphate buffered saline, PBS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>P4417</td>
<td>Buffer for washes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>XTT sodium salt</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>X4251</td>
<td>See above for preparation instructions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ringer's lactate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Hospira</td>
<td>NDC0409-7953-09</td>
<td>For preparation of XTT solution</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Menadione</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>M5625</td>
<td>Caution: hazardous by skin contact, inhalation or ingestion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Petri dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>08-757-12</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>15 ml conical centrifuge tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Corning</td>
<td>430790</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>50 ml conical centrifuge tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Corning</td>
<td>430828</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>96 well microtiter plates: Polystyrene, flat-bottomed, tissue culture treated</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Corning</td>
<td>3595</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Multichannel pipette and tips</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Eppendorf</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Incubator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Any</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Microtiter plate reader</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Any</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

a 96 well microtiter plate-based method for monitoring formation and antifungal susceptibility testing of candida albicans biofilms

캔디다 albicans 지금은 미국 병원에서 세 번째로 가장 일반적인 감염 위험 환자와 칸디다 증의 확대 인구의 곰팡이 감염의 가장 빈번한 원인 남아있다. 칸디다 증의 발현은 다른 호스트 조직 및 / 또는 의료 기기 (즉 카테터)에 두 biofilm 형성과 관련이 있습니다. biofilms 내에서 세포가 면역 반응 호스트로부터 antifungals의 행동으로부터 보호되면서 Biofilm 형성은 부정적인 임상 영향을 수행합니다. 우리는 C. 형성을위한 간단하고 신속하고 강력한에서 체외 모델을 개발 또한 biofilm antifungal 자화율 시험에 사용할 수있는 96 잘 microtiter - 접시를 사용 albicans의 biofilms. 이 분석의 판독은 metabolically 활성 곰팡이 biofilm 세포에 의해 XTT의 감소 (tetrazolium 소금)을 기반으로, colorimetric입니다. 전형적인 실험은 antifungal 자화율 시험에 대한 추가 24 H와 biofilm 형성에 대한 약 24 H 걸립니다. 때문에 단순하고 일반적으로 사용 가능한 실험실 재료 및 장비의 사용이 기술은 biofilm 조사를 democratizes 및 곰팡이 biofilms의 antifungal 자화율 테스트 표준화 향한 중요한 단계를 나타냅니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms at JoVE.com

A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms

우리는 형성을위한 간단하고 신속하고 강력한 방법을 설명<em&gt; 캔디다 albicans</embiofilms 내에서 세포의 antifungal 자화율 시험에 96 잘 microtiter 접시와 유틸리티를 사용하여&gt; biofilms.

모니터링 형성과 Antifungal 자화율 테스트를위한 96 자 Microtiter 플레이트 기반 방법 캔디다 albicans Biofilms

Candida albicans remains the most frequent cause of fungal infections in an expanding population of compromised patients and candidiasis is now the third ...

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Immunology and Infection

A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms

Microtiter Dish Biofilm Formation Assay

Microtiter 디시 Biofilm 형성 분석

Biofilms are communities of microbes attached to surfaces, which can be found in medical, industrial and natural settings.  In fact, life in a biofilm ...

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The chronic nature of many diseases is attributed to the formation of bacterial biofilms which are recalcitrant to traditional antibiotic therapy. ...

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Bloodstream infections and sepsis are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The successful outcome of patients suffering from bacteremia depends on a ...

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is performed to assess the in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against various bacteria. The AST results, ...

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Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen of humans, causing about 15% of hospital-acquired sepsis cases. A major virulence attribute of C. ...

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The skin is an extremely extended organ of the body and, due to this large surface, it is continuously exposed to microorganisms. Skin damage can easily ...

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Daily Phototherapy with Red Light to Regulate Candida albicans Biofilm Growth

규제 Candida albicans Biofilm 성장에 붉은 빛으로 매일 광선 요법

Here, we present a protocol to assess the outcomes of per diem red light treatment on the growth of Candida albicans biofilm. To increase the planktonic ...

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Clarifying and Imaging Candida albicans Biofilms

칸디다 알비칸스 바이오필름 의 명확화 및 이미징

The microbial fungus Candida albicans can undergo a change from commensal colonization to virulence that is strongly correlated with its ability to switch ...

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Invasive Candida albicans infection is a significant opportunistic fungal infection in humans because it is one of the most common colonizers of the gut, ...