Name: rapid pcr thermocycling using microscale thermal convection
Uploaded: 2011-03-05T14:30:00
Duration: 9 min 2 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rapid PCR Thermocycling using Microscale Thermal Convection at JoVE.com

हम कृतज्ञता Lynntech इंक टी. Ragucci, बी वाटकिंस, एस वाँग, और बी Wallek में तकनीकी सहायता और कई उपयोगी विचार - विमर्श के लिए धन्यवाद. यह काम CBET 0933688 अनुदान के तहत अमेरिका के राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान फाउंडेशन (NSF) द्वारा समर्थित किया गया.

<ol>
	<li>Spitzack, K. D., Ugaz, V. M., Minteer, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+Techniques:+Reviews+and+Protocols.">Microfluidic Techniques: Reviews and Protocols.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. , (2005).</li><li>Krishnan, M., Ugaz, V. M., Burns, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PCR+in+a+Rayleigh-B&#233;nard+convection+cell.">PCR in a Rayleigh-B&#233;nard convection cell.</a> Science. 298, 793-793 (2002).</li><li>Braun, D., Goddard, N. L., Libchaber, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exponential+DNA+replication+by+laminar+convection.">Exponential DNA replication by laminar convection.</a> Physical Review Letters. 91, 158103-158103 (2003).</li><li>Chen, Z., Qian, S., Abrams, W. R., Malamud, D., Bau, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermosiphon-based+PCR+reactor:+experiment+and+modeling.">Thermosiphon-based PCR reactor: experiment and modeling.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 76, 3707-3715 (2004).</li><li>Wheeler, E. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Convectively+driven+polymerase+chain+reaction+thermal+cycler.">Convectively driven polymerase chain reaction thermal cycler.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 76, 4011-4016 (2004).</li><li>Krishnan, M., Agrawal, N., Burns, M. A., Ugaz, V. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactions+and+fluidics+in+miniaturized+natural+convection+systems.">Reactions and fluidics in miniaturized natural convection systems.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 76, 6254-6265 (2004).</li><li>Ugaz, V. M., Krishnan, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+convective+flow+based+approaches+for+high-throughput+PCR+thermocycling.">Novel convective flow based approaches for high-throughput PCR thermocycling.</a> Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation (JALA). 9, 318-323 (2004).</li><li>Yao, D. J., Chen, J. R., Ju, W. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-Rayleigh-Benard+convection+polymerase+chain+reaction+system.">Micro-Rayleigh-Benard convection polymerase chain reaction system.</a> Journal of Micro-Nanolithography MEMS and MOEMS. 6, 043007-043007 (2007).</li><li>Agrawal, N., Hassan, Y. A., Ugaz, V. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Pocket-sized+Convective+PCR+Thermocycler.">A Pocket-sized Convective PCR Thermocycler.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 46, 4316-4319 (2007).</li><li>Yariv, E., Ben-Dov, G., Dorfman, K. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymerase+chain+reaction+in+natural+convection+systems:+A+convection-diffusion-reaction+model.">Polymerase chain reaction in natural convection systems: A convection-diffusion-reaction model.</a> Europhysics Letters. 71, 1008-1014 (2005).</li><li>Allen, J. W., Kenward, M., Dorfman, K. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coupled+flow+and+reaction+during+natural+convection+PCR.">Coupled flow and reaction during natural convection PCR.</a> Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. 6, 121-130 (2009).</li><li>Muddu, R., Hassan, Y. A., Ugaz, V. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accelerated+Biochemistry+by+Chaotic+Stirring.">Accelerated Biochemistry by Chaotic Stirring.</a> , (2010).</li></ol>

ब्याज की कोई संघर्ष की घोषणा की.

प्रवाह और रासायनिक प्रतिक्रिया के बीच परस्पर क्रिया को नाटकीय रूप से अराजक advection के प्रभाव के तहत बदल सकते हैं. लेकिन इन जटिल प्रवाह राज्यों अध्ययन करने के लिए चुनौती दे रहे हैं, जहां 3 डी प्रभाव महत्वपूर्ण हो यथार्थवादी geometries में, विशेष रूप से. घंटे पर रेले - Bénard संवहन / d&gt; 1 न केवल इन घटनाओं का पता लगाने के लिए एक सुविधाजनक मंच प्रदान करता है, उनके लिए पीसीआर प्रदर्शन आवेदन भी प्रवाह और रासायनिक जांच होनी प्रतिक्रियाओं के बीच युग्मन के लिए सक्षम बनाता है. यह अद्वितीय क्षमता का चयन करने के लिए इष्टतम प्रवाह राज्यों जहां अराजक प्रभाव अधिनियम (counterintuitively) डीएनए प्रतिकृति की दर में तेजी लाने के लिए यह संभव बनाता है.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>KOD DNA Polymerase kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Novagen</td>
<td>71085-3</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>TaqMan &beta;-actin Control Reagents kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Applied Biosystems</td>
<td>401846</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Aluminum tape</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Axygen, Inc.</td>
<td>PCR-AS-200</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>A2153</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Rain-X Anti-Fog</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>SOPUS Products</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Long Gel-loading Pipette Tips</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>05-408-151</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FEP Teflon tape</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
<td>7562A17</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Agarose gel</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Bio-Rad</td>
<td>161-3107</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>TAE running buffer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Bio-Rad</td>
<td>141-0743</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>SYBR Green I</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Molecular Probes</td>
<td>S7563</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>6x Orange Loading Dye</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fermentas</td>
<td>R0631</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>100 bp DNA ladder sizing marker</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Bio-Rad</td>
<td>170-8202</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

rapid pcr thermocycling using microscale thermal convection

Many molecular biology assays depend in some way on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify an initially dilute target DNA sample to a detectable concentration level. But the design of conventional PCR thermocycling hardware, predominantly based on massive metal heating blocks whose temperature is regulated by thermoelectric heaters, severely limits the achievable reaction speed1. Considerable electrical power is also required to repeatedly heat and cool the reagent mixture, limiting the ability to deploy these instruments in a portable format.
Thermal convection has emerged as a promising alternative thermocycling approach that has the potential to overcome these limitations2-9. Convective flows are an everyday occurrence in a diverse array of settings ranging from the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and interior, to decorative and colorful lava lamps. Fluid motion is initiated in the same way in each case: a buoyancy driven instability arises when a confined volume of fluid is subjected to a spatial temperature gradient. These same phenomena offer an attractive way to perform PCR thermocycling. By applying a static temperature gradient across an appropriately designed reactor geometry, a continuous circulatory flow can be established that will repeatedly transport PCR reagents through temperature zones associated with the denaturing, annealing, and extension stages of the reaction (Figure 1). Thermocycling can therefore be actuated in a pseudo-isothermal manner by simply holding two opposing surfaces at fixed temperatures, completely eliminating the need to repeatedly heat and cool the instrument.
One of the main challenges facing design of convective thermocyclers is the need to precisely control the spatial velocity and temperature distributions within the reactor to ensure that the reagents sequentially occupy the correct temperature zones for a sufficient period of time10,11. Here we describe results of our efforts to probe the full 3-D velocity and temperature distributions in microscale convective thermocyclers12. Unexpectedly, we have discovered a subset of complex flow trajectories that are highly favorable for PCR due to a synergistic combination of (1) continuous exchange among flow paths that provides an enhanced opportunity for reagents to sample the full range of optimal temperature profiles, and (2) increased time spent within the extension temperature zone the rate limiting step of PCR. Extremely rapid DNA amplification times (under 10 min) are achievable in reactors designed to generate these flows.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rapid PCR Thermocycling using Microscale Thermal Convection at JoVE.com

Rapid PCR Thermocycling using Microscale Thermal Convection

हम पोलीमरेज़ चेन रिएक्शन (पीसीआर) के माध्यम से डीएनए प्रतिकृति करने के लिए एक उपन्यास विधि का वर्णन. थर्मल संवहन बनाए रखने के द्वारा लगातार तापमान पर रिएक्टर की सतहों का विरोध denaturing, annealing, और विस्तार की स्थिति के बीच लगातार शटल अभिकर्मकों के लिए इस्तेमाल है. यह स्वाभाविक सरल डिजाइन करने के लिए तेजी से पीसीआर और अधिक सुलभ बनाने का वादा किया.

रैपिड पीसीआर Microscale थर्मल संवहन का उपयोग Thermocycling

Many molecular biology assays depend in some way on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify an initially dilute target DNA sample to a detectable ...

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