Name: recombinant retroviral production and infection of b cells
Uploaded: 2011-02-18T16:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recombinant Retroviral Production and Infection of B Cells at JoVE.com

सी.के. कोलंबिया विश्वविद्यालय के ग्रेजुएट प्रोग्राम के द्वारा समर्थित है. यूबी लेकिमिया और अमेरिका के लिंफोमा सोसायटी, लेकिमिया रिसर्च फाउंडेशन से नई अन्वेषक पुरस्कार के प्राप्तकर्ता के फैलो है और कोलंबिया विश्वविद्यालय नई संकाय शुरू हुआ धन के द्वारा समर्थित है.

1. प्लीहा - संबंधी बी लिम्फोसाइट अलगाव और उत्तेजना <ol><li> उम्र के 2-3 महीने के बीच से 12 सहायता - चूहों की कमी spleens हार्वेस्ट . तिल्ली के अलगाव बाँझ परिस्थितियों में किया जाता है और अंगों को अस्थायी रूप से ठंड ?...

<ol>
	<li>Bartholdy, B., Matthias, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+control+of+B+cell+development+and+function.">Transcriptional control of B cell development and function.</a> Gene. 327, 1-23 (2004).</li><li>Henderson, A., Calame, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+regulation+during+B+cell+development.">Transcriptional regulation during B cell development.</a> Annu Rev Immunol. 16, 163-200 (1998).</li><li>Graf, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+plasticity+of+hematopoietic+cells.">Differentiation plasticity of hematopoietic cells.</a> Blood. 99, 3089-30101 (2002).</li><li>Xiao, C., Rajewsky, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA+control+in+the+immune+system:+basic+principles.">MicroRNA control in the immune system: basic principles.</a> Cell. 136, 26-36 (2009).</li><li>Waterston, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initial+sequencing+and+comparative+analysis+of+the+mouse+genome.">Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome.</a> Nature. 420, 520-562 (2002).</li><li>Griffiths, A. J. F., Miller, J. H., Suzuki, D. T., Lewontin, R. C., Gelbart, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Introduction to Genetic Analysis. , (2000).</li><li>Gondo, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Next-generation+gene+targeting+in+the+mouse+for+functional+genomics.">Next-generation gene targeting in the mouse for functional genomics.</a> BMB Rep. 42, 315-3123 (2009).</li><li>Plachy, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proviruses+selected+for+high+and+stable+expression+of+transduced+genes+accumulate+in+broadly+transcribed+genome+areas.">Proviruses selected for high and stable expression of transduced genes accumulate in broadly transcribed genome areas.</a> J Virol. 84, 4204-4211 (2010).</li><li>Felice, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcription+factor+binding+sites+are+genetic+determinants+of+retroviral+integration+in+the+human+genome.">Transcription factor binding sites are genetic determinants of retroviral integration in the human genome.</a> PLoS One. 4, e4571-e4571 (2009).</li><li>Karavanas, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+targeting+by+murine+retroviral+vectors.">Cell targeting by murine retroviral vectors.</a> Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 28, 7-30 (1998).</li><li>Noelle, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+39-kDa+protein+on+activated+helper+T+cells+binds+CD40+and+transduces+the+signal+for+cognate+activation+of+B+cells.">A 39-kDa protein on activated helper T cells binds CD40 and transduces the signal for cognate activation of B cells.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89, 6550-6554 (1992).</li><li>Muramatsu, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Class+switch+recombination+and+hypermutation+require+activation-induced+cytidine+deaminase+(AID),+a+potential+RNA+editing+enzyme.">Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme.</a> Cell. 102, 553-563 (2000).</li><li>Yelle, J., Dion, M., Hamelin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+transfection+of+mammalian+cells+with+viral+DNA+in+optimal+culture+conditions.">Efficient transfection of mammalian cells with viral DNA in optimal culture conditions.</a> J Virol Methods. 7, 321-326 (1983).</li><li>Chen, C., Okayama, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-efficiency+transformation+of+mammalian+cells+by+plasmid+DNA.">High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 7, 2745-2752 (1987).</li><li>Fagarasan, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+class+switching+and+differentiation+to+IgA-producing+cells+in+the+gut+lamina+propria.">In situ class switching and differentiation to IgA-producing cells in the gut lamina propria.</a> Nature. 413, 639-6343 (2001).</li><li>Basu, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+AID+antibody+diversification+enzyme+is+regulated+by+protein+kinase+A+phosphorylation.">The AID antibody diversification enzyme is regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation.</a> Nature. 438, 508-5011 (2005).</li><li>McBride, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+class+switch+recombination+and+somatic+mutation+by+AID+phosphorylation.">Regulation of class switch recombination and somatic mutation by AID phosphorylation.</a> J Exp Med. 205, 2585-2594 (2008).</li><li>Barreto, V. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AID+from+bony+fish+catalyzes+class+switch+recombination.">AID from bony fish catalyzes class switch recombination.</a> J Exp Med. 202, 733-738 (2005).</li><li>Delphin, S., Stavnezer, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+antibody+class+switching+to+IgE:+characterization+of+an+IL-4-responsive+region+in+the+immunoglobulin+heavy-chain+germline+epsilon+promoter.">Regulation of antibody class switching to IgE: characterization of an IL-4-responsive region in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain germline epsilon promoter.</a> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 764, 123-135 (1995).</li><li>Castigli, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD40+expression+and+function+in+murine+B+cell+ontogeny.">CD40 expression and function in murine B cell ontogeny.</a> Int Immunol. 8, 405-411 (1996).</li><li>Ballantyne, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+recombination+of+a+switch+substrate+retrovector+in+CD40-+activated+B+lymphocytes:+implications+for+the+control+of+CH+gene+switch+recombination.">Efficient recombination of a switch substrate retrovector in CD40- activated B lymphocytes: implications for the control of CH gene switch recombination.</a> J Immunol. 161, 1336-1347 (1998).</li></ol>

प्लीहा - संबंधी बी कोशिकाओं के रेट्रोवायरल पारगमन के रूप में यहाँ वर्णित है और चित्रा 1 के रूप में चित्रित एक आनुवंशिक दृष्टिकोण है कि बी लिम्फोसाइटों के अध्ययन में उपयोगी है क्योंकि lymphopoesis में वि?...

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>FCS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Atlanta Biologicals</td>
<td>S11550</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>RPMI</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
<td>22400</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PBS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
<td>20012</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Red Blood Cell (RBC) lysis buffer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
<td>R7757</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>CD43 beads</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Miltenyi</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>B Cell Complete Media</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Various components</td>
<td>Various Components</td>
<td>RPMI, 15% FCS, 1% Non-Essential Amino Acids, 1% Sodium Pyruvate, 1% HEPES, 1% Pen-Strep, 50&mu;M &beta;-Mercaptoethanol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IL-4</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Anti-CD40</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD Pharmigen</td>
<td>553787</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>polybrene</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
<td>107689 &#x2028;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Chloroquine diphosphate salt</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
<td>C6628</td>
<td>Used at 100mM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Phoenix Eco cells (Murine)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Orbigen</td>
<td>RVC-10002</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PE-Cy5-&alpha;-mouse-CD45R (B220)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>eBioscience</td>
<td>15-0452-81</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PE-&alpha;-mouse-IgG1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD Pharmigen</td>
<td>A85-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

recombinant retroviral production and infection of b cells

The transgenic expression of genes in eukaryotic cells is a powerful reverse genetic approach in which a gene of interest is expressed under the control of a heterologous expression system to facilitate the analysis of the resulting phenotype. This approach can be used to express a gene that is not normally found in the organism, to express a mutant form of a gene product, or to over-express a dominant-negative form of the gene product. It is particularly useful in the study of the hematopoetic system, where transcriptional regulation is a major control mechanism in the development and differentiation of B cells 1, reviewed in 2-4.
Mouse genetics is a powerful tool for the study of human genes and diseases. A comparative analysis of the mouse and human genome reveals conservation of synteny in over 90% of the genome 5. Also, much of the technology used in mouse models is applicable to the study of human genes, for example, gene disruptions and allelic replacement 6. However, the creation of a transgenic mouse requires a great deal of resources of both a financial and technical nature. Several projects have begun to compile libraries of knock out mouse strains (KOMP, EUCOMM, NorCOMM) or mutagenesis induced strains (RIKEN), which require large-scale efforts and collaboration 7. Therefore, it is desirable to first study the phenotype of a desired gene in a cell culture model of primary cells before progressing to a mouse model. 
Retroviral DNA integrates into the host DNA, preferably within or near transcription units or CpG islands, resulting in stable and heritable expression of the packaged gene of interest while avoiding transcriptional silencing 8 9. The genes are then transcribed under the control of a high efficiency retroviral promoter, resulting in a high efficiency of transcription and protein production. Therefore, retroviral expression can be used with cells that are difficult to transfect, provided the cells are in an active state during mitosis. Because the structural genes of the virus are contained within the packaging cell line, the expression vectors used to clone the gene of interest contain no structural genes of the virus, which both eliminates the possibility of viral revertants and increases the safety of working with viral supernatants as no infectious virions are produced 10. 
Here we present a protocol for recombinant retroviral production and subsequent infection of splenic B cells. After isolation, the cultured splenic cells are stimulated with Th derived lymphokines and anti-CD40, which induces a burst of B cell proliferation and differentiation 11. This protocol is ideal for the study of events occurring late in B cell development and differentiation, as B cells are isolated from the spleen following initial hematopoetic events but prior to antigenic stimulation to induce plasmacytic differentiation.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recombinant Retroviral Production and Infection of B Cells at JoVE.com

Recombinant Retroviral Production and Infection of B Cells

और एक में एक जीन की संरचना और समारोह विश्लेषण के एक कुशल प्रणाली<em&gt; पूर्व vivo</em&gt; प्लीहा - संबंधी - बी lymphocytes के संस्कृति में वर्णित है. यह विधि एक सहायक मुक्त, ecotrophic पैकेजिंग सेल लाइन में रीकॉम्बीनैंट रेट्रोवायरल उत्पादन का लाभ लेता है. स्थिर, प्राथमिक लिम्फोसाइटों के भीतर ब्याज की एक जीन की अभिव्यक्ति का पैतृक बी वर्ग स्विच पुनर्संयोजन के दौर से गुजर कोशिकाओं पर सतह एंटीबॉडी के उत्पादन के लिए अग्रणी प्राप्त है.

पुनः संयोजक रेट्रोवायरल बी कोशिकाओं का उत्पादन और संक्रमण

The transgenic expression of genes in eukaryotic cells is a powerful reverse genetic approach in which a gene of interest is expressed under the control ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

बी कोशिकाओं की CD40 सक्रियण के murine मॉडल

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand ...

Retroviral Transduction of T-cell Receptors in Mouse T-cells

माउस टी कोशिकाओं में टी सेल रिसेप्टर्स की रेट्रोवायरल transduction

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen ...

Production and Titering of Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vectors

उत्पादन और पुनः संयोजक एडिनो जुड़े वायरल वैक्टर Titering

In recent years recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) have become increasingly valuable for in vivo studies in animals, and are also currently ...

Efficient Recombinant Parvovirus Production with the Help of Adenovirus-derived Systems

Adenovirus व्युत्पन्न सिस्टम की मदद के साथ कुशल पुनः संयोजक Parvovirus उत्पादन

Rodent parvoviruses (PV) such as rat H-1PV and MVM, are small icosahedral, single stranded, DNA viruses. Their genome includes two promoters P4 and P38 ...

Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells

सच का पता लगाने के लिए माउस बी वंश प्रकोष्ठों आईजीई व्यक्त

B lymphocyte immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) is a process wherein initially expressed IgM switches to other IgH ...

Generation of Recombinant Human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Immortalized Sorted B Cells

अमर छाँटे बी कोशिकाओं से पुनः संयोजक मानव आईजीजी मोनोक्लोनल एंटीबॉडी का सृजन

Finding new methods for generating human monoclonal antibodies is an active research field that is important for both basic and applied sciences, ...

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

अस्थि मज्जा पूर्वपुस्र्ष कोशिकाओं का रेट्रोवायरल transduction टी सेल रिसेप्टर Retrogenic चूहे उत्पन्न करने के लिए

T cell receptor (TCR) signaling is essential in the development and differentiation of T cells in the thymus and periphery, respectively.  The vast array ...

Targeting Cysteine Thiols for in Vitro Site-specific Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins

Targeting Cysteine Thiols for in Vitro Site-specific Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins

लक्ष्यीकरण Cysteine Thiols के लिए इन विट्रो साइट-संयोजक प्रोटीन के विशिष्ट ग्लाइकोसिलेशन

Stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1) is a type-I transmembrane protein located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membranes (PM). ER-resident ...

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

"जिगर पर एक चिप" हेपेटाइटिस बी वायरस के संक्रमण के लिए प्राथमिक हेपैटोसाइट्स और Kupffer कोशिकाओं की संस्कृतियों

Despite the exceptional infectivity of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vivo, where only three viral genomes can result in a chronicity of experimentally ...

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

मूत्र बी-1ए कोशिकाओं पर CXCR4 का रेट्रोवायरल अतिअभिव्यक्ति और बोन मैरो और आईजीएम उत्पादन के लिए लक्षित बी-1ए सेल माइग्रेशन के लिए दत्तक हस्तांतरण

As cell function is influenced by niche-specific factors in the cellular microenvironment, methods to dissect cell localization and migration can provide ...