Name: respirometric oxidative phosphorylation assessment in saponin-permeabilized cardiac fibers
Uploaded: 2011-02-28T18:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Respirometric Oxidative Phosphorylation Assessment in Saponin-permeabilized Cardiac Fibers at JoVE.com

这项研究是由加拿大卫生研究院和加拿大基因组研究所的支持。的JS从阿尔伯塔省遗产基金会加拿大的医学研究，心脏及中风基金会和加拿大糖尿病协会举行的薪水支持奖。实验室要感谢Oroboros仪器的技术援助，在通透的皂素纤维技术收购。

1。试剂准备<ol><li> 1稍作修改，准备放松和保存液（RP解决方案） 。简言之，RP解决方案包括2.77mM CAK 2 EGTA，7.23mM K 2 EGTA，20MM咪唑，0.5mm的二硫苏糖醇，牛磺酸20MM，50MM的K - MES，6.56氯化镁2，5.7mM三磷酸腺苷，磷酸肌酸14.3mM，pH值7.1调整，在室温（RT）。通过0.45微米的过滤器进行消毒过滤的解决方案。分成15毫升的部分（猎鹰聚丙烯管）保存在-20 ° C配方的讨论。 </l...

<ol>
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F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen+solubilities+of+media+used+in+electrochemical+respiration+measurements.">Oxygen solubilities of media used in electrochemical respiration measurements.</a> Anal Biochem. 319, 105-113 (2003).</li><li>Visscher, G. D. e., Rooker, S., Jorens, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pentobarbital+fails+to+reduce+cerebral+oxygen+consumption+early+after+non-hemorrhagic+closed+head+injury+in+rats.">Pentobarbital fails to reduce cerebral oxygen consumption early after non-hemorrhagic closed head injury in rats.</a> J Neurotrauma. 22, 793-806 (2005).</li><li>Kuznetsov, A. V., Veksler, V., Gellerich, F. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+mitochondrial+function+in+situ+in+permeabilized+muscle+fibers,+tissues+and+cells.">Analysis of mitochondrial function in situ in permeabilized muscle fibers, tissues and cells.</a> Nat Protoc. 3, 965-976 (2008).</li><li>Gnaiger, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen+conformance+of+cellular+respiration.+A+perspective+of+mitochondrial+physiology.">Oxygen conformance of cellular respiration. A perspective of mitochondrial physiology.</a> Adv Exp Med Biol. 543, 39-55 (2003).</li><li>Gnaiger, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Capacity+of+oxidative+phosphorylation+in+human+skeletal+muscle:+new+perspectives+of+mitochondrial+physiology.">Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle: new perspectives of mitochondrial physiology.</a> Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 41, 1837-1845 .</li><li>Sena, S., Hu, P., Zhang, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impaired+insulin+signaling+accelerates+cardiac+mitochondrial+dysfunction+after+myocardial+infarction.">Impaired insulin signaling accelerates cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction after myocardial infarction.</a> J Mol Cell Cardiol. 46, 910-918 (2009).</li><li>Boudina, S., Sena, S., O'Neill, B. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+mitochondrial+oxidative+capacity+and+increased+mitochondrial+uncoupling+impair+myocardial+energetics+in+obesity.">Reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and increased mitochondrial uncoupling impair myocardial energetics in obesity.</a> Circulation. 112, 2686-2695 (2005).</li><li>Lenaz, G., Genova, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+and+organization+of+mitochondrial+respiratory+complexes:+a+new+understanding+of+an+old+subject.">Structure and organization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes: a new understanding of an old subject.</a> Antioxid Redox Signal. 12, 961-1008 .</li><li>Lemieux, H., Hoppel, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondria+in+the+human+heart.">Mitochondria in the human heart.</a> J Bioenerg Biomembr. 41, 99-106 (2009).</li><li>O, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retarded+diffusion+of+ADP+in+cardiomyocytes:+possible+role+of+mitochondrial+outer+membrane+and+creatine+kinase+in+cellular+regulation+of+oxidative+phosphorylation.">Retarded diffusion of ADP in cardiomyocytes: possible role of mitochondrial outer membrane and creatine kinase in cellular regulation of oxidative phosphorylation.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1144, 134-148 (1993).</li><li>Endo, M., Kitazawa, T., Morad, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=E-C+coupling+studies+in+skinned+cardiac+fibers.">E-C coupling studies in skinned cardiac fibers.</a> Biophysical Aspects of Cardiac Muscle. , 307-327 (1978).</li><li>Veksler, V. I., Kuznetsov, A. V., Sharov, V. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+respiratory+parameters+in+cardiac+tissue:+a+novel+method+of+assessment+by+using+saponin-skinned+fibers.">Mitochondrial respiratory parameters in cardiac tissue: a novel method of assessment by using saponin-skinned fibers.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 892, 191-196 (1987).</li><li>Bangham, A. D., Horne, R. W., Glauert, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Action+of+saponin+on+biological+cell+membranes.">Action of saponin on biological cell membranes.</a> Nature. , 196-952 (1962).</li><li>Daum, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipids+of+mitochondria.">Lipids of mitochondria.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 822, 1-42 (1985).</li><li>Milner, D. J., Mavroidis, M., Weisleder, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Desmin+cytoskeleton+linked+to+muscle+mitochondrial+distribution+and+respiratory+function.">Desmin cytoskeleton linked to muscle mitochondrial distribution and respiratory function.</a> J Cell Biol. 150, 1283-1298 (2000).</li><li>Skladal, D., Sperl, W., Schranzhofer, R., Skladal, E., Gellerich, F., Wyss, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preservation+of+mitochondrial+functions+in+human+skeletal+muscle+during+storage+in+high+energy+preservation+solution+(HEPS).">Preservation of mitochondrial functions in human skeletal muscle during storage in high energy preservation solution (HEPS).</a> What is Controlling Life?. , 268-271 (1994).</li><li>Kuznetsov, A. V., Wiedemann, F. R., Winkler, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+saponin-permeabilized+muscle+fibers+for+the+diagnosis+of+mitochondrial+diseases.">Use of saponin-permeabilized muscle fibers for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases.</a> Biofactors. 7, 221-223 (1998).</li><li>Gnaiger, E., Dykens, J., Will, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polarographic+oxygen+sensors,+the+oxygraph+and+high-resolution+respirometry+to+assess+mitochondrial+function.">Polarographic oxygen sensors, the oxygraph and high-resolution respirometry to assess mitochondrial function.</a> Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction. , 327-352 (2008).</li></ol>

皂甙通透的心脏纤维技术，提供了一个独特的妥协之间 ， 在体外和体内线粒体OXPHOS耗氧量评估。这种技术的优点包括增加生理的相关性比较孤立的细胞结构线粒体被保留下来。虽然质膜降解，细胞内的膜结构，包括线粒体12，14，14肌质网， 肌丝和17的骨架1，保持不变。此外，线粒体和细胞骨架，17之间的相互作用也保持不变。透纤维线粒体增加稳定...

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		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>100% Ethanol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>HC600</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>70% Ethanol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>HC-1000</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Adenosine 5&#x2032;-diphosphate monopotassium salt dihydrate (ADP)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>A5285</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Albumin from bovine serum essentially fatty acid&#x2013;free</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>A-6003</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Antimycin A</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>A8674</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ascobic acid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>A4403</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Adenosine 5&#x2032;-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate (ATP)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>A2383</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Atractyloside</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>A6882</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Calcium carbonate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>C4830</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>C2920</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Cytochrome c</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>C7752</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Digitonin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>D141</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dithiothreitol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>D9779</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N&#x2032;,N&#x2032;-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>E4378</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glutamic acid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>27647</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>HEPES</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>H4034</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Imidazole</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>I5513</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ketamine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Pfizer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ketaset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lactobionic acid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>153516</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>M9272</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2&#x2219;6H2O)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>M9272</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Malic acid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>M1000</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MES</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>M3671</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>N,N,N&#x2019;,N&#x2019;-Tetramethyl- pphenylenediamine Dihydrochloride (TMPD)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>T3134</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Oligomycin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>O4876</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Phosphocreatine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>P7936</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Potassium Chloride</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>P9541</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Potassium Hydroxide</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>P5958</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Potassium cyanide</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fluka</td>
<td>60178</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Potassium phosphate monobasic</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>P5655</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Rotenone</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>R8875</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Saponin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>47036</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sodium Pentobarbital</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ceva Sante Animale</td>
<td>1715 138</td>
<td>Conc. 54.7 mg/ml</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sodium pyruvate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>P2256</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Succinic acid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>S3674</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sucrose</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>S7903</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Taurine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>T8691</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Xylazine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Bayer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Rompun</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ddH2O</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ice</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Oroboros Oxygraph-2k</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Oroboros Instruments</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Kimwipes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>21905-026</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>15ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>89004-368</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>50ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>89004-364</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Straight Jewelers Forceps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>George Tiemann &amp; Co.</td>
<td>160-50B</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Curved Jewelers Forceps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>George Tiemann &amp; Co.</td>
<td>160-57B</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Straight Surgery Scissors</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>George Tiemann &amp; Co.</td>
<td>105-402</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile Surgical Blade</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>BD371610</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>0.45-&mu;m Syringe filters</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>CA28145-485</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>pH meter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>CA11388-308</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glass Petri dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>89000-300</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>12-well Polystyrene Tissue Culture Plates</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>82050-926</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Plate Stirrer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>97042-594</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Fisherbrand Microbars</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>14-511-67</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Weigh Scale</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>CA11278-162</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>10&mu;l Hamilton Micro Syringe</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>14-815-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>25&#x03BC;l Hamilton Micro Syringe</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>14-824-7</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>50&mu;l Hamilton Micro Syringe</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>14-824-5</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Nalgene Squeeze Bottles</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Wilkem Scientific</td>
<td>LNA2407-1000</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Polystyrene Weighing Dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>89106-750</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dissecting Microscope</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Olympus</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

respirometric oxidative phosphorylation assessment in saponin-permeabilized cardiac fibers

线粒体参与能量代谢，氧化应激，细胞凋亡，延缓衰老，线粒体encephalomyopathies和药物毒性，线粒体功能的调查代表心脏生理学的一个重要参数。鉴于此，技术来衡量心脏线粒体功能的需求。一项技术，它采用一种综合的方法来衡量线粒体的功能是respirometric氧化磷酸化（OXPHOS）分析。 respirometric OXPHOS评估的原则是围绕利用克拉克电极测量氧气浓度。通透的纤维束消耗氧气，氧气浓度在封闭腔下降。使用选择底物抑制剂 - 解偶联剂滴定协议，电子提供电子传递链的特定网站，使线粒体功能的评价。之前线粒体功能的respirometric分析，机械和化学的筹备技术是利用通透肌纤维肌膜。化学通透采用皂素，在保持细胞结构的同时，有选择性的细胞膜穿孔。 本文深入介绍了在准备测量耗氧量的皂素皮肤的心脏纤维，以评估线粒体OXPHOS所涉及的步骤。此外，故障排除建议以及具体的基板，可用于确定在特定网站的电子传递链的线粒体功能抑制剂和uncouplers提供。重要的是，所描述的协议可能很容易地应用到各种动物模型和人体样本的心脏和骨骼组织。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Respirometric Oxidative Phosphorylation Assessment in Saponin-permeabilized Cardiac Fibers at JoVE.com

Respirometric Oxidative Phosphorylation Assessment in Saponin-permeabilized Cardiac Fibers

皂甙与respirometric氧化磷酸化的分析，结合通透的纤维制备提供了线粒体功能的综合评估。线粒体呼吸在生理和病理状态下，可以反映不同监管规定的影响，包括线粒体相互作用，形态和生物化学。

Respirometric皂甙通透心脏纤维的氧化磷酸化的评估

Investigation of mitochondrial function represents an important parameter of cardiac physiology as mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Patch Clamp and Perfusion Techniques for Studying Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Patch Clamp and Perfusion Techniques for Studying Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus oocytes

膜片钳和灌注技术研究离子通道的表达爪蟾卵母细胞

The protocol presented here is designed to study the activation of the large conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels. The protocol may ...

科研

生物学

Bioengineering Human Microvascular Networks in Immunodeficient Mice

生物人类免疫缺陷小鼠的微血管网络

The future of tissue engineering and cell-based therapies for tissue regeneration will likely rely on our ability to generate functional vascular networks ...

Intravital Microscopy of the Microcirculation in the Mouse Cremaster Muscle for the Analysis of Peripheral Stem Cell Migration

在鼠标提睾肌为外周干细胞迁移分析的微循环活体显微镜

In the era of intravascular cell application protocols in the context of regenerative cell therapy, the underlying mechanisms of stem cell migration to ...

Assessment of Calcium Sparks in Intact Skeletal Muscle Fibers

钙火花的评估在正常肌肉纤维

Maintaining homeostatic Ca2+ signaling is a fundamental physiological process in living cells. Ca2+ sparks are the elementary units of Ca2+ signaling in ...

Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos

在斑马鱼胚胎氧化应激分析

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause a change of cellular redox state towards oxidative stress condition. This situation causes ...

siRNA Screening to Identify Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like System Regulators of Biological Pathways in Cultured Mammalian Cells

siRNA的筛选识别泛素和泛素样系统压力表生物学途径在培养的哺乳动物细胞

Post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules (UBLs) is emerging as a dynamic cellular signaling network that ...

In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells

In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells

在体外合成在人体细胞修饰蛋白表达的mRNA的感应

The exogenous delivery of coding synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) for induction of protein synthesis in desired cells has enormous potential in the fields ...

Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro

Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro

对于波长和红/近红外光治疗对氧化应激强度的范围影响的评估方法<em&gt;在体外</em

Red/near-infrared light therapy (R/NIR-LT), delivered by laser or light emitting diode (LED), improves functional and morphological outcomes in a range of ...

Measuring Oxidative Stress Resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans in 96-well Microtiter Plates

Measuring Oxidative Stress Resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans in 96-well Microtiter Plates

测量氧化应激性<em&gt;秀丽隐杆线虫</em&gt;在96孔微量滴定板

Oxidative stress, which is the result of an imbalance between production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, is a major contributor to chronic ...

Assessment of Myofilament Ca2+ Sensitivity Underlying Cardiac Excitation-contraction Coupling

Assessment of Myofilament Ca2+ Sensitivity Underlying Cardiac Excitation-contraction Coupling

肌丝的Ca评估<sup&gt; 2+</sup&gt;灵敏度潜在心脏兴奋收缩耦联

Heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, the mechanism of pathogenesis and myocardial ...