Name: electrospinning fundamentals: optimizing solution and apparatus parameters
Uploaded: 2011-01-21T17:00:00
Duration: 7 min 57 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrospinning Fundamentals: Optimizing Solution and Apparatus Parameters at JoVE.com

这项工作是支持K08 EB003996由美国国立卫生研究院和美国研究基金会赠款2573瘫痪退伍军人。

1。选择一种聚合物<ol><li>选择一种聚合物（如聚- L -乳酸（PLLA），聚己内酯（PCL），聚苯乙烯（PS）或尼龙）根据您的规格（例如，可生物降解的热塑性或交联）和溶剂，聚合物。选择合适的个人防护设备，根据您的选择。 </li><li>选择根据您的应用程序基材（如玻璃，塑料，金属或硅晶片）。 </li></ol> 2。选择收集器<ol><li>选择集热器的几何形状，根据您的要求。随机的纤维可收集固定板。不结盟的纤维可以被收集在快速旋转的车轮，鼓或棒，或平行板。 </li><li>集热器必须是导电性和孤立的，它可以不也接地相邻的对象，表的顶部，等接地必须保持在这样一种方式阿克塞尔</li></ol> 3。接近临界纠缠浓度实证1 <ol><li>准备几个候选聚合物浓度（例如，4，10，15，20，30％）和流动（的解决方案应该是一种粘性液体，但没有一种凝胶体）开始，选择浓度。 </li><li>设置电设备2,3,4,5（见图1） <ol><li>装入注射器泵和泵的转速，如珠，任何解决方案的提示消灭立即更换。 </li><li>地面的收藏家和剪辑的高压电线的导体板（导电材料，如铝箔通过注射器尖端突出的一个小广场）。 </li><li>启动车轮旋转。 </li><li>确保电源在开机前零。 </li></ol></li><li>观察数据流<ol><li>斜坡电压慢慢看解决针尖珠。 </li><li>调整电压，以获得长期稳定的流。如果不能获得源源不断，调整了聚合物溶液的浓度。一个例子，请参阅表1。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4。疑难解答 - 流： <ol><li>无法查看流<ol><li>使用的是深色亚光的背景下，地方一个单向的光源（如手电筒）之间的浏览器和流（见图2）。 </li></ol></li><li>滴水注射器针尖<ol><li>如果聚合物溶液滴落，没有车轮的吸引力直线下降，确保导体板与针尖接触和收藏家正与地面接触。 </li><li>如果注射器尖端的聚合物溶液的下降是靠在车轮的方向，但没有形成一个流，增加电压。可以调整不同的距离和电压，直到源源不断流的质量。提出相应的电压为4％，PLLA的解决方案和一个8x8厘米的导体板距离，参见图3。 </li></ol></li><li>在注射器针尖大的水珠<ol><li>当聚合物溶液开始收集和变硬，尖的针，轻扫连接到一个非导电棒纸巾的​​glob。 </li></ol></li><li>振荡或“摆”流 当流是摆起来，迅速下降，降低电压或增加注射器针尖与车轮之间的距离。如果流继续WAG使用的聚合物浓度较高或较慢的蒸发增加一个小的溶剂。 </li><li>短期或间断流 可见观察的接触轮在高速旋转速度的稳定流产量最高质量的统一性和调整。当流是短期和间断，增加聚合物溶液，添加更多的缓慢蒸发溶剂，调整电压将提高流的长度和稳定性。 </li></ol> 5。疑难解答-纤维形态6,7,8（参见图4） <ol><li>卷边 当珠发现在纤维，增加聚合物溶液，并确保导体板用针不断接触和接地线刷轮连续接触。 </li><li>丝带和止血纤维 纤维形成色带或出血一起时，使用浓度较高的聚合物或溶剂的蒸发率较高（更不稳定）。 </li><li>花饰或波浪状的纤维 当纤维形成波浪或curlicues，增加车轮的转速或移动针尖进一步从集电极。此外，检查，导体板和收藏家不振动。 </li><li>孔隙率9 如果毛孔都需要，使用迅速蒸发溶剂。如果不希望毛孔，尝试添加少量助溶剂，是低于主要溶剂挥发。 </li><li>对齐10 当集热器是MOVING在低转速或休息时，对齐质量差。增加车轮的速度增加对齐。 </li></ol> 6。代表性的成果： 请参考图4描绘典型的光纤结果。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2494/2494fig1.jpg" alt="图1" /> 图1一个典型的静电设置。聚合物溶液（蓝色）免除从注射泵（橙色）。一个高压直流电源（绿色）的理由一个快速旋转的轮子器（灰色）对齐纤维收集到。聚合物喷射注射器和集电极之间由一个稳定的流段和快速振荡的鞭打段。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2494/2494fig2.jpg" alt="图2" /> 图2流喷射可见退出注射器尖端;鞭刑喷气是太小，无法看到。 逼近的关键纠缠浓度的PLLA <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 聚乳酸（％WT / V） </td><td> 观察 </td><td> 浓度调整 </td></tr><tr><td> 0.5 </td><td>滴水;没有流</td><td>增加</td></tr><tr><td> 2.0 </td><td>随地吐痰的小水珠，没有流</td><td> Increse略有</td></tr><tr><td> 4.0 </td><td>川流不息</td><td>好</td></tr><tr><td> 6.0 </td><td>随地吐痰的大水珠或珠</td><td>略有下降</td></tr><tr><td> 12.0 </td><td>聚集在一角;没有流</td><td>减少</td></tr></tbody></table> 表1。一个例子描绘逼近的关键纠缠浓度的PLLA。各种聚合物浓度都试过了，和由此产生的流，直到源源不断观察喉获得。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2494/2494fig3.jpg" alt="图3" /> 图3。注射器针尖和集电极之间的距离必须与外加电压的平衡，以获得稳定的的流喷射。多余施加电压使振荡或“摆”喷气对齐纤维少，结果形成。当电压过低，没有飞机将形成从注射器尖端的解决方案只会滴。上面紫色的阴影区域代表一个稳定的流喷射注射器 - 集电极距离的函数，可用于聚乳酸获得的电压范围。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2494/2494fig4.jpg" alt="图4" /> 图4。纤维可以表现出各种形态，包括（一）串珠，缎带（二），curlicues（三），（四）多孔水珠，良好的对齐（E）和贫困对齐（F）的。

<ol>
	<li>Shenoy, S. L., Bates, W. D., Frisch, H. L., Wnek, G. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+chain+entanglements+on+fiber+formation+during+electrospinning+of+polymer+solutions:+good+solvent,+non-specific+polymer-polymer+interaction+limit.">Role of chain entanglements on fiber formation during electrospinning of polymer solutions: good solvent, non-specific polymer-polymer interaction limit.</a> Polymer. 46, 3372-3384 (2005).</li><li>Gertz, C. C., Leach, M. K., Birrel, L. K., Martin, D. C., Feldman, E. L., Corey, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accelerated+neuritogenesis+and+maturation+of+primary+spinal+motor+neurons+in+response+to+nanofibers.">Accelerated neuritogenesis and maturation of primary spinal motor neurons in response to nanofibers.</a> Dev. Neurobiol. 70, 589-603 (2010).</li><li>Lin, D. Y., Johnson, M. A., Vohden, R. A., Chen, D., Martin, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tailored+nanofiber+morphologies+using+modulated+electrospinning+for+biomedical+applications.">Tailored nanofiber morphologies using modulated electrospinning for biomedical applications.</a> Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 736, D3.8.1-D3.8.6 (2003).</li><li>Corey, J. M., Gertz, C. C., Wang, B. S., Birrell, L. K., Johnson, S. L., Martin, D. C., Feldman, E. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+design+of+electrospun+PLLA+nanofiber+scaffolds+compatible+with+serum-free+growth+of+primary+motor+and+sensory+neurons.">The design of electrospun PLLA nanofiber scaffolds compatible with serum-free growth of primary motor and sensory neurons.</a> Acta. Biomater. 4, 863-875 (2008).</li><li>Corey, J. M., Lin, D. Y., Mycek, K. B., Chen, Q., Samuel, S., Feldman, E. L., Martin, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aligned+electrospun+nanofibers+specify+the+direction+of+dorsal+root+ganglia+neurite+growth.">Aligned electrospun nanofibers specify the direction of dorsal root ganglia neurite growth.</a> J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 83, 636-645 (2007).</li><li>Tan, S. -. H., Kotaki, M., Ramakrishna, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+parameter+study+for+ultra-fine+fiber+fabrication+via+electrospinning+process.">Systematic parameter study for ultra-fine fiber fabrication via electrospinning process.</a> Polymer. 46, 6128-6134 (2005).</li><li>Yang, F., Murugan, R., Wang, S., Ramakrishna, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrospinning+of+nano/micro+scale+poly(L-lactic+acid)+aligned+fibers+and+their+potential+in+neural+tissue+engineering.">Electrospinning of nano/micro scale poly(L-lactic acid) aligned fibers and their potential in neural tissue engineering.</a> Biomaterials. 26, 2603-2610 (2005).</li><li>Li, W., Laurencin, C. T., Caterson, E. J., Tuan, R. S., Ko, F. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrospun+nanofibrous+structure:+A+novel+scaffold+for+tissue+engineering.">Electrospun nanofibrous structure: A novel scaffold for tissue engineering.</a> J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 60, 613-621 (2002).</li><li>Kim, C. H., Jung, Y. H., Kim, H. Y., Lee, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+collector+temperature+on+the+porous+structure+of+electrospun+fibers.">Effect of collector temperature on the porous structure of electrospun fibers.</a> Macromol. Res. 14, 59-65 (2006).</li><li>Wang, H. B., Mullins, M. E., Cregg, J. M., Hurtado, A., Oudega, M., Trombley, M. T., Gilbert, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Creation+of+highly+aligned+electrospun+poly-L-lactic+acid+fibers+for+nerve+regeneration+applications.">Creation of highly aligned electrospun poly-L-lactic acid fibers for nerve regeneration applications.</a> J. Neural Eng. 6, (2009).</li></ol>

注意：这里大多数的例子介绍静电聚- L -乳酸（PLLA）纤维的处理。这完全是因为聚乳酸是在我们的实验室中最常用的纺聚合物。但是，我们也成功地使用这些方法来electrospin其他聚合物（如的PLGA，PCL，PS），并认为这里介绍的技术很容易适用于大多数中旬高分子量聚合物溶液。

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>High voltage DC power supply</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Gamma High Voltage</td>
<td>ES40P-5W</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Syringe pump</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>KD Scientific</td>
<td>KDS100</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Aluminum foil</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Reynolds</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Blunt metal tips, 23ga</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>13-850-102 </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Polypropylene syringe</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD</td>
<td>309585</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Rotating or stationary collector</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Custom built</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Various alligator clips and wires</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dimethylformamide</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>AC11622-0010</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Chloroform</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>AC42355-0040 </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PLLA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Boehringer Ingelheim</td>
<td>Resomer L210</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PLGA 85:15</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>43471</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Carbon tape</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ted Pella</td>
<td>13073-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

electrospinning fundamentals: optimizing solution and apparatus parameters

静电纳米纤维支架已经证明，加速成熟，提高增长，和直接的细胞在体外的迁移。静电是一个充电的聚合物喷射是接地的收藏家收集的过程;一个快速旋转对齐纤维收藏家的结果，而固定的收藏家在随机取向的纤维毡结果。聚合物喷射时形成一个应用的静电电荷克服了溶液的表面张力。是一个给定的聚合物的最低浓度，称为临界缠结浓度，低于不能达到一个稳定的飞机，没有纤维的形式 - 虽然纳米粒子可能会实现（电）。一个稳定的飞机有两个域，一个流段和段鞭笞。虽然鞭刑喷气机通常是肉眼看不到，流段通常是可见的，适当的照明条件下。观测流的长度，厚度，一致性和运动是有用的预测的路线和正在形成的纳米纤维的形态。短，不统一，不一致，和/或振荡流显示的各种问题，包括贫穷的光纤对准，钉珠，飞溅，花饰或波浪形图案。流可以通过调整解决方案的组成和电设备的配置进行了优化，从而优化路线和正在生产的纤维形态。在这个协议中，我们目前的程序，设立一个基本的静电设备，经验近似的聚合物解决方案的关键纠缠浓度和优化的静电纺丝的过程。此外，我们将讨论一些常见问题和故障排除技术。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrospinning Fundamentals: Optimizing Solution and Apparatus Parameters at JoVE.com

Electrospinning Fundamentals: Optimizing Solution and Apparatus Parameters

静电技术，可以创建各种组织工程或其他应用程序的纳米纤维支架。我们在这里描述的程序，以优化电的解决方案和设备的参数，以获得所需的形态和排列的纤维。还介绍了常见问题和故障排除技术。

静电基础：优化解决方案和设备参数

Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds have been shown to accelerate the maturation, improve the growth, and direct the migration of cells in vitro. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Tri-layered Electrospinning to Mimic Native Arterial Architecture using Polycaprolactone, Elastin, and Collagen: A Preliminary Study

三层次的静电，以模仿母语动脉结构采用聚己内酯，弹性和胶原的初步研究

Throughout native artery, collagen and elastin play an important role, providing a mechanical backbone, preventing vessel rupture, and promoting recovery ...

科研

生物工程

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus SCUVA

定量测量原位流动，使用一个自包含的水下测速仪（SCUVA）

The ability to directly measure velocity fields in a fluid environment is necessary to provide empirical data for studies in fields as diverse as ...

Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Biological Macromolecules in Solution

小型和广角X-射线散射研究生物大分子的解决方案

In this paper, Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (SWAXS) analysis of macromolecules is demonstrated through experimentation. SWAXS is a technique ...

Electrospinning Growth Factor Releasing Microspheres into Fibrous Scaffolds

静电生长因子释放到微纤维支架

This procedure describes a method to fabricate a multifaceted substrate to direct nerve cell growth.  This system incorporates mechanical, topographical, ...

Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration

Microstereolit​​hography和静电结合，以产生膜配备有利基的角膜再生

Corneal problems affect millions of people worldwide reducing their quality of life significantly. Corneal disease can be caused by illnesses such as ...

Optimizing Attachment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) Electrospun Yarns

Optimizing Attachment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on PolyÃƒÅ½Ã‚Âµ-caprolactone Electrospun Yarns

优化人骨髓间充质干细胞附着在聚（ε己内酯）静电纺纱线

Research into biomaterials and tissue engineering often includes cell-based in vitro investigations, which require initial knowledge of the starting cell ...

Adapting the Electrospinning Process to Provide Three Unique Environments for a Tri-layered In Vitro Model of the Airway Wall

Adapting the Electrospinning Process to Provide Three Unique Environments for a Tri-layered In Vitro Model of the Airway Wall

适应静电过程中提供三个独特的环境为一个三层次<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;的气道壁模型

Electrospinning is a highly adaptable method producing porous 3D fibrous scaffolds that can be exploited in in vitro cell culture. Alterations to ...

Custom-designed Laser-based Heating Apparatus for Triggered Release of Cisplatin from Thermosensitive Liposomes with Magnetic Resonance Image Guidance

定制设计的基于激光的加热装置顺铂触发释放的热敏脂质体与磁共振成像制导

Liposomes have been employed as drug delivery systems to target solid tumors through exploitation of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect ...

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo

快速扫描电子顺磁共振打开新的途径成像生理重要参数<em&gt;在体内</em

We demonstrate a superior method of 2D spectral-spatial imaging of stable radical reporter molecules at 250 MHz using rapid-scan ...

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

通过反应挤出、微流体、自组装和电纺丝制备多长尺度可降解 Thermoresponsive 水凝胶

While various smart materials have been explored for a variety of biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, etc.), ...