Name: genotypic inference of hiv-1 tropism using population-based sequencing of v3
Uploaded: 2010-12-27T18:00:00
Duration: 11 min 10 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3 at JoVE.com

Bu testin geliştirilmesi Viiv Sağlık ve Sağlık Araştırması (CIHR) Kanada Enstitüleri ve GlaxoSmithKline / CIHR Başkanı Dr Harrigan Klinik Viroloji ile desteklenmiştir. Pfizer ve ViiV Sağlık sağlanan destekler.

<ol>
	<li>Feng, Y., Broder, C. C., Kennedy, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HIV-1+entry+cofactor:+functional+cDNA+cloning+of+a+seven+transmembrane,+G+protein-coupled+receptor.">HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor.</a> Science. 272, 872-877 (1996).</li><li>Dragic, T., Litwin, V., Allaway, G. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HIV-1+entry+into+CD4++cells+is+mediated+by+the+chemokine+receptor+CC-CKR-5.">HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5.</a> Nature. 381, 667-673 (1996).</li><li>Dorr, P., Westby, M., Dobbs, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maraviroc+(UK-427,857),+a+potent,+orally+bioavailable,+and+selective+small-molecule+inhibitor+of+chemokine+receptor+CCR5+with+broad-spectrum+anti-human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+activity.">Maraviroc (UK-427,857), a potent, orally bioavailable, and selective small-molecule inhibitor of chemokine receptor CCR5 with broad-spectrum anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity.</a> Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 4721-4732 (2005).</li><li>Gulick, R. M., Lalezari, J., Goodrich, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maraviroc+for+previously+treated+patients+with+R5+HIV-1+infection.">Maraviroc for previously treated patients with R5 HIV-1 infection.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 1429-1441 (2008).</li><li>Cooper, D. A., Heera, J., Goodrich, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maraviroc+versus+efavirenz,+both+in+combination+with+zidovudine/lamivudine,+for+the+treatment+of+antiretroviral-na&#237;ve+subjects+with+CCR5-tropic+HIV-1.">Maraviroc versus efavirenz, both in combination with zidovudine/lamivudine, for the treatment of antiretroviral-na&#237;ve subjects with CCR5-tropic HIV-1.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 201, 803-813 (2010).</li><li>Low, A. J., McGovern, R. A., Harrigan, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trofile+HIV+co-receptor+usage+assay.">Trofile HIV co-receptor usage assay.</a> Expert Opin. Med. Diagnostics. 3, 181-191 (2000).</li><li>Sing, T., Low, A. J., Beerenwinkel, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predicting+HIV+co-receptor+usage+based+on+genetic+and+clinical+covariates.">Predicting HIV co-receptor usage based on genetic and clinical covariates.</a> Antiviral Ther. 12, 1097-1106 (2007).</li><li>Harrigan, P. R., McGovern, R., Dong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Screening+for+HIV+tropism+using+population-based+V3+genotypic+analysis:+a+retrospective+virological+outcome+analysis+using+stored+plasma+screening+samples+from+MOTIVATE-1.">Screening for HIV tropism using population-based V3 genotypic analysis: a retrospective virological outcome analysis using stored plasma screening samples from MOTIVATE-1.</a> , (2009).</li><li>Harrigan, P. R., McGovern, R., Dong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+clinically+relevant+cut-points+for+the+determination+of+HIV+co-receptor+usage+to+predict+maraviroc+responses+in+treatment+experienced+(TE)+patients+using+population+V3+genotyping.">Optimization of clinically relevant cut-points for the determination of HIV co-receptor usage to predict maraviroc responses in treatment experienced (TE) patients using population V3 genotyping.</a> , (2009).</li><li>Swenson, L. C., McGovern, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+clinically+relevant+cutoffs+for+determining+HIV+co-receptor+use+by+population+and+"deep"+sequencing+methods.">Optimization of clinically relevant cutoffs for determining HIV co-receptor use by population and "deep" sequencing methods.</a> , (2009).</li><li>Swenson, L., McGovern, R., Dong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenotypic+screening+for+HIV+tropism+versus+both+population-based+and+"deep"+sequencing.">Phenotypic screening for HIV tropism versus both population-based and "deep" sequencing.</a> , (2009).</li><li>Swenson, L. C., Moores, A., Low, A. J., Thielen, A., Dong, W., Woods, C., Jensen, M. A., Wynhoven, B., Chan, D., Glascock, C., Harrigan, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+Detection+of+CXCR4-Using+HIV+by+V3+Genotyping:+Application+of+Population-based+and+'Deep'+Sequencing+to+Plasma+RNA+and+Proviral+DNA.">Improved Detection of CXCR4-Using HIV by V3 Genotyping: Application of Population-based and 'Deep' Sequencing to Plasma RNA and Proviral DNA.</a> Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 54, 506-510 (2010).</li><li>Swenson, L. C., Boehme, R., Thielen, A., McGovern, R. A., Harrigan, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genotypic+determination+of+HIV-1+tropism+in+the+clinical+setting.">Genotypic determination of HIV-1 tropism in the clinical setting.</a> HIV Therapy. 4, 293-303 (2010).</li></ol>

P. Richard Harrigan ViiV Sağlık, Virco, Merck, Abbott, ve Görev çıkar çatışmaları vardır. Bu video-makale ViiV Sağlık tarafından desteklenmektedir.

Burada sunulan yöntem tropizm test uygulanan standart bir sıralama yöntemi. Geç sınırlı kadar viral tropizm tahmin sıralama HIV zarf V3 döngü klinik uygulama vardır. Bu yöntem, en az eşit klinik kullanılan diğer valide deneyleri ile karşılaştırıldığında viral tropizm tahmin etmek mümkün Maraviroc (ViiV Sağlık) klinik çalışmalarda retrospektif analizler gösterilir olmuştur. Tropizm tahmini için V3 döngü genotipik analizi yapan pek çok faydaları vardır. Birincisi ve en önemlisi, bu yordamı erişilebilirliğini önemli ölçüde artan ve tropizm test dönüş süresini azaltmak, operasyonel sıralama ekipmanları ile herhangi bir tesiste olabilir. Buna karşılık, tropizm test etmek için altın standart olarak hizmet vermiştir fenotipik Geliştirilmiş Hassasiyet Trofile Assay (ESTA) (Monogram Biosciences), Güney Kaliforniya&#39;da tek bir merkezden yapılır. Ek faydaları daha az başlangıç ​​materyali ve 500copies/mL gerekli minimum plazma viral yük ihtiyacını. Yanı sıra, genotipik analiz çalışan operasyonel maliyetlerini fenotipik bir testin kıyasla nispeten düşük. Özellikle hatırlama yazılımı kullanımı genotip analizleri emek yoğun bir parçası olma eğilimindedir manuel sıra eleştiri, gereksinimini ortadan kaldırır. Burada sunulan yöntem, belirli bir adım önemi başka bir outweighing oldukça basittir. Biz, örnek bir viral nüfus içinde azınlık türlerin yakalama oran artırmak için üç nüsha olarak PCR ve sıralama çalıştırmanızı öneririz. Üçten çoğaltır daha büyük yapılabilir ancak biz bulduk, hem verimli ve güvenilir olması için triplicates. Ayrıca, yüksek duyarlılık ve özgüllük korurken aynı tepki olarak RT-PCR ve ilk tur PCR gerçekleştiren One-Step Reverse Transcriptase PCR kiti (Qiagen) kullanmanızı öneririz.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>RNA extraction using NucliSens easyMAG version 1.0</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>NucliSens easyMAG Magnetic Silica</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>bioMerieux</td>
<td>cat. # 280133</td>
<td>(48 x 0.6 ml)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NucliSens easyMAG Lysis Buffer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>bioMerieux</td>
<td>cat. # 280134</td>
<td>(4 x 1000 ml)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NucliSens easyMAG Extraction Buffer 1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>bioMerieux</td>
<td>cat. # 280130</td>
<td>(4 x 1000 ml)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NucliSens easyMAG Extraction Buffer 2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>bioMerieux</td>
<td>cat. # 280131</td>
<td>(4 x 1000 ml)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NucliSens easyMAG Extraction Buffer 3</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>bioMerieux</td>
<td>cat. # 280132</td>
<td>(4 x 1000 ml)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NucliSens easyMAG version 1.0 </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>bioMerieux</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Class II A2 biological safety cabinet</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>One-Step Reverse Transcriptase PCR and Second Round PCR</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DEPC-treated water</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ambion Corp.</td>
<td>cat. # 9922</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>SuperScrip III One-Step RT-PCR System with Platinum Taq High Fidelty</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>cat#12574-035</td>
<td>Kit components used: 
- SuperScript III RT/ Platinum Taq High Fidelty Enzyme Mix 
- 2X Reaction Mix (a buffer containing 0.4mM of each dNTP, 2.4mM MgSO4)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Expand High Fidelity PCR System</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Roche Diagnostics</td>
<td>cat. # 1 759 078</td>
<td>Kit components used: 
- Expand High Fidelity Buffer 10X conc. with 15 mM MgCl2 (lids labelled 2) 
- Expand HF PCR Enzyme Mix (3.5U/&mu;l) 
- MgCl2 Stock Solution (25mM) (lids labelled 4)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dNTPs: dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Roche Diagnostics</td>
<td>cat. # 11969064001</td>
<td>(100 mM)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sucrose</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>cat. # S0389-500G</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Bromophenol blue sodium salt</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>cat.# B5525</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Cresol Red</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>cat.# 114472-5G</td>
<td>indicator grade</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Thermocycler </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Gel Electrophoresis</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>50X TAE buffer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>cat. # 24710030</td>
<td>(1000 ml) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SYBR Safe DNA gel stain</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen Life Technologies</td>
<td>cat. # S33102</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Agarose (ultra pure)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>cat. # 15510-027</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>E-Gel Low Range Quantitative DNA Ladder</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen Life Technologies</td>
<td>cat. # 12373-031</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Reagent Grade Type II water</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Gel apparatus</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sequencing</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>ABI PRISM BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Applied Biosciences</td>
<td>cat. # 4337458</td>
<td>(25000 reactions)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hi-Di Formamide</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Applied Biosciences</td>
<td>cat. # 4311320</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sodium Acetate (NaOAc)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>cat. # S-2889</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>EDTA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>Cat.# 03690-100ML</td>
<td>0.5M, pH=8.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TRIZMA Hydrochloride Buffer Solution</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>cat. # T-2819</td>
<td>1 M, pH 9.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>cat. # M-1028</td>
<td>1 M</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>95% Ethanol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Running Buffer (10X) with EDTA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Applied Biosystems</td>
<td>cat. # 4335613</td>
<td>500 mL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Polymer Pop-7 (25mL) Or Polymer Pop-7 (10mL)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Applied Biosystems</td>
<td>cat. # 44363929 or cat. # 4352759</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>3700/3730 BigDye Terminator v3.1 Sequencing Standard Kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Applied Biosciences</td>
<td>Cat# 4336943</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Thermocycler </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Centrifuge with plate holders</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>3730xl DNA Analyzer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Applied Biosciences</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

genotypic inference of hiv-1 tropism using population-based sequencing of v3

Amaç: HIV tedavisi CCR5-antagonist sınıf bir ilaç almak için önce onun viral nüfus hücresel giriş için alternatif bir coreceptor CCR5 coreceptor kullanır ve bu onaylamak için, bir hastanın HIV tropizm testi geçmesi gerekir. Tropizm test edilmesine yönelik bir yaklaşım coreceptor etkileşim HIV zarf, V3 bölgenin sırasını incelemek için. Yöntemleri: viral RNA kan plazmasından elde edilir. V3 bölge, iç içe geçmiş bir ters transkriptaz-PCR ile üç nüsha olarak yükseltilir. Ilâvelerle sonra sıralı ve yazılım, RE_Call kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. Diziler sonra V3 bölge viral tropizm anlaması için böyle geno2pheno gibi bir biyoinformatik algoritmasına sunulur. Diziler geno2pheno yanlış pozitiflik oranı% 5.75 altına düşerse non-R5 anlaşılmaktadır. Bir örneklem üzerinden üç dizileri herhangi bir non-R5 anlaşılmaktadır ise, hastanın bir CCR5-antagonist yanıt vermek olası değildir.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3 at JoVE.com

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

HIV tropizm viral zarf V3 bölge anlaşılmaktadır. V3 PCR, iç içe geçmiş RT-PCR, sıralı kullanarak üç nüsha olarak amplifiye ve biyoinformatik yazılımı kullanılarak yorumlanır. Örnekleri dizisi G2P puanları düşük olan 1 veya daha fazla (ler) ile non-R5 virüsü olarak sınıflandırılır.

HIV-1 tropizm genotipik Çıkarım kullanarak Nüfus tabanlı Sıralama V3

Background: Prior to receiving a drug from CCR5-antagonist class in HIV therapy, a patient must undergo an HIV tropism test to confirm that his or her ...

<a class="grey_button" href="/video/3538">Espa&ntilde;ol </a>

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding

Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding

HIV-1 V3 döngü Taç R2 Sıra immünolojik İlgili Dinamik Tersiyer Yapısal Özellikler Değerlendirilmesi Ab initio Katlanır

The antigenic diversity of HIV-1 has long been an obstacle to vaccine design, and this variability is especially pronounced in the V3 loop of the virus' ...

Specific Marking of HIV-1 Positive Cells using a Rev-dependent Lentiviral Vector Expressing the Green Fluorescent Protein

Yeşil Floresan Protein ifade Rev-bağımlı lentiviral Vector kullanarak HIV-1 Olumlu Hücreler Özgül İşareti

Most of HIV-responsive expression vectors are based on the HIV promoter, the long terminal repeat (LTR). While responsive to an early HIV protein, Tat, ...

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage (Tropism) by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage Tropism by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach

Bir Genotipik Yöntemi&#39;ne Dizi Analizi ile HIV-1 coreceptor Kullanımı (tropizm) Tahmin

Maraviroc (MVC) is the first licensed antiretroviral drug from the class of coreceptor antagonists. It binds to the host coreceptor CCR5, which is used by ...

In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores

In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores

HIV-1 Çekirdek in vitro Uncoating

The genome of the retroviruses is encased in a capsid surrounded by a lipid envelope. For lentiviruses, such as HIV-1, the conical capsid shell is ...

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Yeni Araçlar HIV-1 ile enfekte bireyler gelen Düzenleyici T hücreleri büyütmek için

CD4+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent immune modulators and serve an important function in human immune homeostasis. Depletion of Tregs has led to ...

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

HIV-1 Enfekte CD4 Doğuştan Algılama Değerlendirilmesi<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Bir kullanılması plazmositoid dendritik hücreler tarafından T Hücreleri<em&gt; Ex vivo</em&gt; Co-kültür sistemi.

HIV-1 innate sensing requires direct contact of infected CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In order to study this process, the ...

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Bir Hücre temelli bir ELISA testi kullanarak, HIV-1 zarf trimerik Glikoproteinler konformasyonel Değerlendirilmesi

HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) mediate viral entry into target cells and are essential to the infectious cycle. Understanding how those glycoproteins ...

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

HIV-1 pozitif Bireylerin Plazma eksozomlann izolasyonu

Exosomes are small vesicles ranging in size from 30 nm to 100 nm that are released both constitutively and upon stimulation from a variety of cell types. ...

Visualization of HIV-1 Gag Binding to Giant Unilamellar Vesicle (GUV) Membranes

Visualization of HIV-1 Gag Binding to Giant Unilamellar Vesicle GUV Membranes

Dev ünilamellar vesikül (GUV) membranlanna bağlanan, HIV-1 Gag Görselleştirme

The structural protein of HIV-1, Pr55Gag (or Gag), binds to the plasma membrane in cells during the virus assembly process. Membrane binding of Gag is an ...

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes

Ölçümü<em&gt; İn Vitro</em&gt; HIV-1 Preintegration Kompleksleri Entegrasyon Etkinliği

HIV-1 envelope proteins engage cognate receptors on the target cell surface, which leads to viral-cell membrane fusion followed by the release of the ...