Name: transcriptome analysis of single cells
Uploaded: 2011-04-25T14:30:00
Duration: 7 min 27 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells at JoVE.com

आप चढ़ाना और सेल संस्कृतियों को बनाए रखने के लिए केविन Miyashiro करने के लिए, इस दस्तावेज़ में शामिल चित्रों के लिए सेल संस्कृतियों को उपलब्ध कराने के लिए डा. Terri Schochet के लिए धन्यवाद. इसके अलावा, केविन Miyashiro, डॉ. पीटर बकले, और Tiina Pertiz ARNA प्रक्रिया पर इनपुट के लिए शुक्रिया. इस काम के लिए अनुदान एजिंग पर राष्ट्रीय संस्थान, राष्ट्रीय मानसिक स्वास्थ्य और पेन्सिलवेनिया के राष्ट्रमंडल से मानव संसाधन तथ्य खोजक धन पर संस्थान से किया गया था.

<ol>
	<li>Davis, J. E., Eberwine, J. H., Hinkle, D. A., Marciano, P. G., Meaney, D. F., McIntonsh, T. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methodological+considerations+regarding+single-cell+gene+expression+profiling+for+brain+injury.">Methodological considerations regarding single-cell gene expression profiling for brain injury.</a> Neurochemical Research. 29, 1113-1121 (2004).</li><li>Eberwine, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+molecular+biology.">Single-cell molecular biology.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 4, 1155-1156 (2001).</li><li>Kamme, F., Salunga, R., Yu, J., Tran, D., Zhu, J., Luo, J., Bittner, A., Guo, H., Miller, N., Wan, J., Erlander, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+microarray+analysis+in+hippocampus+CA1:+Demonstration+and+Validation+of+Cellular+Heterogeneity.">Single-cell microarray analysis in hippocampus CA1: Demonstration and Validation of Cellular Heterogeneity.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 23, 3607-3607 (2003).</li><li>Hinkle, D., Glanzer, J., Sarabi, A., Pajunen, T., Zielinski, J., Belt, B., Miyashiro, K., McIntosh, T., Eberwine, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+neurons+as+experimental+systems+in+molecular+biology.">Single neurons as experimental systems in molecular biology.</a> Progress in Neurobiology. 72, 129-142 (2004).</li><li>Ginsberg, S. D., Elarova, I., Ruben, M., Tan, F., Counts, S. E., Eberwine, J. H., Trojanowski, J. Q., Hemby, S. E., Mufson, E. J., Che, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+gene+expression+analysis:+Implications+for+Neurodegenerative+and+Neuropsychiatric+Disorders.">Single-cell gene expression analysis: Implications for Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.</a> Neeurochemical Research. 29, 1053-1064 (2004).</li><li>Eberwine, J., Spencer, K., Miyashirto, K., Mackler, S., Finnell, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complementary+DNA+synthesis+in+situ:+methods+and+applications.">Complementary DNA synthesis in situ: methods and applications.</a> Methods Enxymol. 216, 80-100 (1992).</li><li>Eberwine, J., Yeh, H., Miyashiro, K., Cao, Y., Nair, S., Finnell, R., Zettel, M., Coleman, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+gene+expression+in+single+live+neurons.">Analysis of gene expression in single live neurons.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89, 3010-3014 (1992).</li><li>Kelz, M. B., Dent, G. W., Therianos, S., Marciano, P. G., McIntosh, T. K., Coleman, P. D., Eberwine, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+antisense+RNA+amplification+and+microarray+analysis+as+a+tool+for+studying+neurological+degeneration+and+restoration.">Single-cell antisense RNA amplification and microarray analysis as a tool for studying neurological degeneration and restoration.</a> Sci. Aging Knowledge Eviron. 1, re1-re1 (2002).</li><li>Banker, G. A., Cowan, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+hippocampal+neurons+in+dispersed+cell+culture.">Rat hippocampal neurons in dispersed cell culture.</a> Brain Research. 126, 397-425 (1977).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> P-1000 &#38; P-97 Pipette Cookbook. , (2010).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> MinElute Handbook For MinElute Reaction Cleanup Kit. , 28-29 (2004).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Megascript kit. , 7-8 .</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> MEGAclear kit. , 4-5 .</li><li>Eberwine, J., Kacharmina, J. E., Andrews, C., Miyashiro, K., McIntosh, T., Becker, K., Barrett, T., Hinkle, D., Dent, G., Marciano, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=mRNA+expression+analysis+of+tissue+sections+and+single+cells.">mRNA expression analysis of tissue sections and single cells.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 21, 8310-8314 (2001).</li><li>Van Gelder, R. N., von Zastrow, M. E., Yool, A., Dement, W. C., Barchas, J. D., Eberwine, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amplified+RNA+synthesized+from+limited+quantities+of+heterogeneous+cDNA.">Amplified RNA synthesized from limited quantities of heterogeneous cDNA.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87, 1663-1667 (1990).</li><li>Miyashiro, K., Dichter, M., Eberwine, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+nature+and+differential+distribution+of+mRNAs+in+hippocampal+neuritis:+Implications+for+neuronal+functioning.">On the nature and differential distribution of mRNAs in hippocampal neuritis: Implications for neuronal functioning.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91, 10800-10804 (1994).</li><li>Sul, J., Wo, C. K., Zeng, F., Jochems, J., Lee, M. T., Kim, T. K., Peritz, T., Buckley, P., Cappelleri, D. J., Maronski, M., Kim, M., Kumar, V., Meaney, D., Kim, J., Eberwine, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+transfer+produces+a+predictable+cellular+phenotype.">Transcriptional transfer produces a predictable cellular phenotype.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106, 7624-7629 (2009).</li><li>Sow, F. B., Gallup, J. M., Sacco, R. E., Ackerman, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+capture+microdissection+revisited+as+a+tool+for+transcriptomic+analysis:+Application+of+an+excel-based+qPCR+preparation+software+(PREXCEL-Q).">Laser capture microdissection revisited as a tool for transcriptomic analysis: Application of an excel-based qPCR preparation software (PREXCEL-Q).</a> Int. J. Biomed. Sci. 5, (2010).</li><li>Vandewoestyne, M., Deforce, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+capture+microdissection+in+forensic+research:+a+review.">Laser capture microdissection in forensic research: a review.</a> Int J Legal Med. 124, (2010).</li><li>Eberwine, J., Bartfai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+cell+transcriptomics+of+hypothalamic+warm+sensitive+neurons+that+control+core+body+temperature+and+fever+response+Signaling+asymmetry+and+an+extension+of+chemical+neuroanatomy.">Single cell transcriptomics of hypothalamic warm sensitive neurons that control core body temperature and fever response Signaling asymmetry and an extension of chemical neuroanatomy.</a> Pharmacol. Ther. , (2010).</li></ol>

डा. Eberwine ARNA पेटेंट कि एलबीएस प्रौद्योगिकियों जिसमें डा. Eberwine एक शेयर धारक के लिए लाइसेंस दिया गया है पर एक आविष्कारक है.

A correction was made to <a href="http://http://www.jove.com/video/2634/transcriptome-analysis-of-single-cells">Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells</a>. There were errors in the volumes used in the aRNA Amplification section.

Erratum: Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Spiegelgas coverslips</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Carolina Biological</td>
<td>63-3029</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Nunc 35x10 mm culture dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>12-565-90</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Water for cell culture</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Lonza</td>
<td>17-724Q</td>
<td>For making solutions used for cell culture and rinsing coverslips</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Poly-D-Lysine MW70-150K</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>6407</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Laminin, ultrapure</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD Bioscience</td>
<td>354239</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Boric acid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>B0252</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MEM with Earle&#x2019;s salts and glutamax</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>41090-101</td>
<td>For plating cells</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>D-glucose</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>G8769</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Penicillin-streptomycin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>15140-122</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Horse serum</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>16050</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>C1768</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MEM with Earle&#x2019;s salts and L-glutamine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>11095-098</td>
<td>For growing cells</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sodium pyruvate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>P2256</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>B27 serum-free supplement</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>17504-044</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Borosilicate glass capillary tubes (1.5mm O.D, 100mm length)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Kimble Chase</td>
<td>34500 99</td>
<td>Any borosilicate glass pipette will work as long as the proper bore size is attained. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HBSS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>14175</td>
<td>Any solution will work as long as the components won&#x2019;t interfere with any future processing (i.e. no Ca2+ or Mg2+)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1ml syringe</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD</td>
<td>309628</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Needle</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Gauge depends on the diameter of the pipettes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dNTP mix</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Amersham</td>
<td>28-4065-51</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>dt-T7 oligo</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Custom</td>
<td>Midland Certified</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Second strand buffer (5x)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>Y01129</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DTT</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Supplied with second strand buffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>E.coli DNA Ligase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>100002324</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DNA polymerase I</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>100004926</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Rnase H</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>18021-071</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Megascript T7 kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ambion</td>
<td>AM1334</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Random primers</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BMB</td>
<td>11034731001</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Superscript III Reverse Transcriptase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>56575</td>
<td>in kit (18080-044) comes with first strand buffer (Y02321) and DTT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MEGAclear Kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ambion</td>
<td>1908</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MinElute Reaction Cleanup Kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Qiagen</td>
<td>28206</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>T4 DNA polymerase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>100004994</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Rnasin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Promega</td>
<td>N251B</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Illumina TotalPrep RNA Amplification Kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ambion</td>
<td>AMIL1791</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Flaming/Brown micropipette puller</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
<td>P-87</td>
<td>Sutter has many other models, many are discussed in the cookbook</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Micromanipulator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Olympus</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Many other micromanipulators will work such as the newer Eppendorf models</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pipette Holder</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Warner Instruments</td>
<td>MP-S15A</td>
<td>Will vary with micromanipulator and pipette O.D.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bioanalyzer RNA 6000 Nano Kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Agilent</td>
<td>5067-1511</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

transcriptome analysis of single cells

Many gene expression analysis techniques rely on material isolated from heterogeneous populations of cells from tissue homogenates or cells in culture.1,2,3 In the case of the brain, regions such as the hippocampus contain a complex arrangement of different cell types, each with distinct mRNA profiles. The ability to harvest single cells allows for a more in depth investigation into the molecular differences between and within cell populations. We describe a simple and rapid method for harvesting cells for further processing. Pipettes often used in electrophysiology are utilized to isolate (using aspiration) a cell of interest and conveniently deposit it into an Eppendorf tube for further processing with any number of molecular biology techniques. Our protocol can be modified for the harvest of dendrites from cell culture or even individual cells from acute slices.
We also describe the aRNA amplification method as a major downstream application of single cell isolations. This method was developed previously by our lab as an alternative to other gene expression analysis techniques such as reverse-transcription or real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).4,5,6,7,8 This technique provides for linear amplification of the polyadenylated RNA beginning with only femtograms of material and resulting in microgram amounts of antisense RNA. The linearly amplified material provides a more accurate estimation than PCR exponential amplification of the relative abundance of components of the transcriptome of the isolated cell. The basic procedure consists of two rounds of amplification. Briefly, a T7 RNA polymerase promoter site is incorporated into double stranded cDNA created from the mRNA transcripts. An overnight in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction is then performed in which T7 RNA polymerase produces many antisense transcripts from the double stranded cDNA. The second round repeats this process but with some technical differences since the starting material is antisense RNA. It is standard to repeat the second round, resulting in three rounds of amplification. Often, the third round in vitro transcription reaction is performed using biotinylated nucleoside triphosphates so that the antisense RNA produced can be hybridized and detected on a microarray.7,8

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells at JoVE.com

Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells

इस अनुच्छेद में हम चूहे प्राथमिक neuronal संस्कृतियों और बाद transcriptome ARNA प्रवर्धन विश्लेषण का उपयोग से एकल कक्षों की कटाई के लिए एक सरल विधि का वर्णन. यह दृष्टिकोण किसी भी कोशिका प्रकार के generalizable है.

एकल कक्ष की transcriptome विश्लेषण

Many gene expression analysis techniques rely on material isolated from heterogeneous populations of cells from tissue homogenates or cells in ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

संवेदी अंग अग्रदूत साबित कोशिकाओं के बरकरार में लाइव सेल इमेजिंग ड्रोसोफिला Pupae

Since the discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), there has been a revolutionary change in the use of live-cell imaging as a tool for understanding ...

Sequential Photo-bleaching to Delineate Single Schwann Cells at the Neuromuscular Junction

अनुक्रमिक neuromuscular जंक्शन पर एकल श्वान कोशिकाओं को चित्रित फोटो विरंजन

Sequential photo-bleaching provides a non-invasive way to label individual SCs at the NMJ. The NMJ is the largest synapse of the mammalian nervous system ...

Labeling of Single Cells in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster

Labeling of Single Cells in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster

केन्द्रीय तंत्रिका तंत्र में एकल कक्षों के लेबल<em&gt; ड्रोसोफिला मेलानोगास्टर</em

In this  article we describe how to individually label neurons in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila melanogaster by juxtacellular injection of the ...

Laser Capture Microdissection of Enriched Populations of Neurons or Single Neurons for Gene Expression Analysis After Traumatic Brain Injury

लेजर या न्यूरॉन्स घाव मस्तिष्क की चोट के बाद जीन एक्सप्रेशन विश्लेषण के लिए एकल न्यूरॉन्स के समृद्ध आबादी का कब्जा Microdissection

Long-term cognitive disability after TBI is associated with injury-induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus-a region in the medial temporal lobe that ...

Peering at Brain Polysomes with Atomic Force Microscopy

परमाणु शक्ति माइक्रोस्कोपी के साथ मस्तिष्क polysomes पर peering

The translational machinery, i.e., the polysome or polyribosome, is one of the biggest and most complex cytoplasmic machineries in cells. Polysomes, ...

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

रीटिनल नाड़ीग्रन्थि कोशिकाओं के परिभाषित सैकट्स के सिंगल-सेल आरएनए-सैक

The discovery of cell type-specific markers can provide insight into cellular function and the origins of cellular heterogeneity. With a recent push for ...

Analysis of Immune Cells in Single Sciatic Nerves and Dorsal Root Ganglion from a Single Mouse Using Flow Cytometry

एकल Sciatic नसों में प्रतिरक्षा कोशिकाओं का विश्लेषण और एक एकल माउस से पृष्ठीय रूट नाड़ीग्रंथि प्रवाह का उपयोग कर Cytometry

Nerve-resident immune cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are essential to maintaining neuronal integrity in a healthy nerve. The immune cells of ...

Isolation of Adult Spinal Cord Nuclei for Massively Parallel Single-nucleus RNA Sequencing

बड़े पैमाने पर समानांतर एकल नाभिक आरएनए अनुक्रमण के लिए वयस्क रीढ़ की हड्डी नाभिक के अलगाव

Probing an individual cell&#39;s gene expression enables the identification of cell type and cell state. Single-cell RNA sequencing has emerged as a ...

Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

माइक्रोइंजेक्शनिंग का उपयोग करके मानव हेला कोशिकाओं में स्प्लेकोसोमल स्एनआरएन स्थानीयकरण का विश्लेषण

Biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNAs is a complex process involving both nuclear and cytoplasmic phases and the last step occurs in a nuclear compartment ...

A Scalable Model to Study the Effects of Blunt-Force Injury in Adult Zebrafish

वयस्क ज़ेबराफ़िश में ब्लंट-फोर्स चोट के प्रभावों का अध्ययन करने के लिए एक स्केलेबल मॉडल

Blunt-force traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are the most common form of head trauma, which spans a range of severities and results in complex and ...