Name: physiological, morphological and neurochemical characterization of neurons modulated by movement
Uploaded: 2011-04-21T11:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physiological, Morphological and Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Modulated by Movement at JoVE.com

我感谢安东尼泰勒在体内的细胞内记录和一个细胞内染色技术的初步发展的帮助，布朗和大卫麦克斯韦的初步培训。我感谢帮助与collocalization宏M.银。我有许多学者与人合作提供洞察到这种技术的发展，包括R.峡谷，M. Moritani，P.罗，R. Ambalavanar。这项技术是由美国国立卫生研究院拨款DE10132，DE15386和RR017971相当大的支持。

1。动物的制备<ol><li>麻醉大鼠用戊巴比妥钠（50mg/kg的IP）和加热垫的地方。剃须皮肤覆动物快船队的后头骨。检查动物，以保证手术的麻醉水平，已撤回反射和发声的情况下获得通过测试时脚趾捏了眼睑的反射的情况下，作为。检查每15分钟的麻醉水平，并保持了anesthetisa注射戊巴比妥钠按15mg/kg，每45分钟的手术水平。 </li><li>使用无菌技术操作，使切口在腹股沟区的远端所形成的腹部和大腿内?...

<ol>
	<li>Cuellar, C. A., Tapia, J. A., Juarez, V., Quevedo, J., Linares, P., Marinez, L., Manjarrez, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Propagation+of+sinusoidal+electrical+waves+along+the+spinal+cord+during+a+fictive+motor+task.">Propagation of sinusoidal electrical waves along the spinal cord during a fictive motor task.</a> J. Neurosci. 29, 798-810 (2010).</li><li>Frigon, A., Gossard, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+specialized+rhythm-generating+mechanisms+in+the+adult+mammalian+spinal+cord.">Evidence for specialized rhythm-generating mechanisms in the adult mammalian spinal cord.</a> J. Neurosci. 30, 7061-7071 (2010).</li><li>Wang, W., Chan, S. S., Heldman, D. A., Moran, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motor+cortical+representation+of+hand+translation+and+rotation+during+reaching.">Motor cortical representation of hand translation and rotation during reaching.</a> J. Neurosci. 30, 958-962 (2010).</li><li>Ma, C., He, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+investigating+cortical+control+of+stand+and+squat+in+conscious+behavioral+monkeys.">A method for investigating cortical control of stand and squat in conscious behavioral monkeys.</a> J. Neurosci. Meth. 192, 1-6 (2010).</li><li>Dessem, D., Donga, R., Luo, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primary-+and+secondary-like+jaw-muscle+spindle+afferents+have+characteristic+topographic+distributions.">Primary- and secondary-like jaw-muscle spindle afferents have characteristic topographic distributions.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 77, 2925-2944 (1997).</li><li>Dessem, D., Moritaini, A., Ambalavanar, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nociceptive+craniofacial+muscle+primary+afferent+neurons+synapse+in+both+the+rostral+and+caudal+brain+stem.">Nociceptive craniofacial muscle primary afferent neurons synapse in both the rostral and caudal brain stem.</a> J. 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Neurol. 406, 384-401 (1999).</li><li>Hassani, O. K., Henny, P., Lee, M. G., Jones, B. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GABAergic+neurons+intermingled+with+orexin+and+MCH+neurons+in+the+lateral+hypothalamus+discharge+maximally+during+sleep.">GABAergic neurons intermingled with orexin and MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamus discharge maximally during sleep.</a> Eur. J. Neurosci. 32, 448-457 (2010).</li><li>Inokawa, H., Yamada, H., Matsumoto, N., Muranishi, M., Kimura, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Juxtacellular+labeling+of+tonically+active+neurons+and+phasically+active+neurons+in+the+rat+striatum.">Juxtacellular labeling of tonically active neurons and phasically active neurons in the rat striatum.</a> Neuroscience. 168, 395-404 (2010).</li></ol>

这里说明该方法是一个强大的技术到单个神经元的功能提供重要的启示，以及如何对单个神经元的反应， 有助于神经回路。9这方面的知识，了解感觉功能的根本。这项技术最大的优势就是允许了大量有关的一个包括生理，形态和突触的形态和分布的神经元参数的决心。当与其他技术，如逆行神经标记的其他信息，如神经回路相结合的特点 。7,8这种方法的另一个优点是它可以了解...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>试剂或设备名称</th><th>公司</th><th>目录编号</th><th>评论</th></tr><tr><td>电磁振动器</td><td>凌动系统</td><td> V101 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>信号发生器</td><td>反馈系统</td><td> PFG605 </td><td>能够生产梯形输出信号</td></tr><tr><td>电极的玻璃</td><td>萨特仪器</td><td> AF100 - 68 - 10 </td><td>与长丝</td></tr><tr><td>电极拉马</td><td>萨特仪器</td><td>模型P - 2000和P - 80 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> biotinamide </td><td>媒介实验室</td><td> SP - 1120 </td><td>储存于4 ° C </td></tr><tr><td>德州红抗生物素蛋白DCS </td><td>媒介实验室</td><td>一个- 2016 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> tetramethlyrhodamine </td><td>分子探针</td><td> D - 3308 </td><td> 3000分子量，赖氨酸可修复</td></tr><tr><td>鼠抗突触素抗体</td><td> Chemicon公司</td><td> MAB5258 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>荧光尼氏染色</td><td> Neurotrace，分子探针</td><td> N - 21480 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>电极测试仪</td><td>温斯顿电子</td><td> BL - 1000 - B </td><td>测量电极阻抗</td></tr><tr><td>静电</td><td> Axon仪器</td><td> Axoprobe 1A，2B Axoclamp </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

physiological, morphological and neurochemical characterization of neurons modulated by movement

的单个神经元和神经回路的功能的作用是基本的了解感觉和运动功能神经元的机制。大多数的感觉机制调查依赖于任何的神经元的考试，而动物是静态1,2或在运动的记录外神经元的活动。3,4，虽然这些研究提供了感觉功能的基本背景，他们要么不评价功能的信息发生在运动或在他们的神经解剖学，生理学和神经化学物质的表型的能力，充分体现有限。这里显示的一种技术，它允许在单个神经元在体内的运动广泛的特性。可以使用这种技术，不仅要研究初级传入神经元，但也表征运动神经元和感觉interneurons。最初的单个神经元的响应是使用在其次为神经元的感受野的决心下颌骨的各种动作电生理方法记录。神经示踪细胞内注入的神经和大脑的处理，使神经元可与可视光，电或激光共聚焦显微镜（图1）。详细的形态特征的神经元，然后重建，使神经元的形态可与相关的生理反应的神经元（图2,3）。在这种沟通，提供重要的关键细节，这项技术的成功实施的提示。在研究神经元与其他技术相结合，这种方法可确定有价值的额外信息。逆行神经标签可用于确定神经细胞标记的神经元突触，从而使神经回路的详细决心。这种方法可以结合免疫组织化学内标记神经元的神经递质研究，并确定与该标记的神经元突触神经元的化学表型。标记的神经元也可以处理电子显微镜确定超微结构特征和标记神经元的微型电路。总体来说，这一技术是一种强大的方法来深入刻画在神经元在体内的运动，从而使大量洞察到感觉功能的神经元的作用。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physiological, Morphological and Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Modulated by Movement at JoVE.com

Physiological, Morphological and Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Modulated by Movement

描述量化哺乳动物在运动神经元在体内的生理反应和相关的神经元与神经元的形态，神经化学表型和突触的微型电路的生理的一种技术。

由运动神经元调制生理，形态学和神经化学的表征

The role of individual neurons and their function in neuronal circuits is fundamental to understanding the neuronal mechanisms of sensory and motor ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

眼运动监测内存

Explicit (often verbal) reports are typically used to investigate memory (e.g. "Tell me what you remember about the person you saw at the bank ...

科研

神经科学

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

大脑皮质功能和神经在更改重力条件下的性能之间的一致性

Previous studies of cognitive, mental and/or motor processes during short-, medium- and long-term weightlessness have only been descriptive in nature, and ...

Rapid Determination of the Thermal Nociceptive Threshold in Diabetic Rats

糖尿病大鼠的热痛觉阈值的快速测定

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is characterized by hyperalgesia i.e., increased sensitivity to noxious stimulus, and allodynia i.e., hypersensitivity ...

Odorant-induced Responses Recorded from Olfactory Receptor Neurons using the Suction Pipette Technique

从使用吸吸液管技术的嗅觉受体神经元的气味引起的反应记录

Animals sample the odorous environment around them through the chemosensory systems located in the nasal cavity. Chemosensory signals affect complex ...

Detection of Protein Palmitoylation in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons by Immunoprecipitation and Acyl-Biotin Exchange (ABE)

Detection of Protein Palmitoylation in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons by Immunoprecipitation and Acyl-Biotin Exchange ABE

检测蛋白质棕榈酰化培养海马神经元通过免疫沉淀和酰基-生物素交易所（ABE）

Palmitoylation is a post-translational lipid  modification involving the attachment of a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid,  palmitate, to cysteine residues ...

Measurement of Total Calcium in Neurons by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis

总钙在神经元的电子探针X射线显微分析测量

In this article the tools, techniques, and instruments appropriate for quantitative measurements of intracellular elemental content using the technique ...

Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons

谱系重编程的成人大脑的周细胞源性细胞诱导成神经细胞

Direct lineage-reprogramming of non-neuronal cells into induced neurons (iNs) may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis ...

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

神经微电路急性脑片电生理和形态特征采用配对膜片钳记录

The combination of patch clamp recordings from two (or more) synaptically coupled neurons (paired recordings) in acute brain slice preparations with ...

Functional and Morphological Assessment of Diaphragm Innervation by Phrenic Motor Neurons

隔膜的神经支配膈运动神经元的功能和形态评估

This protocol specifically focuses on tools for assessing phrenic motor neuron (PhMN) innervation of the diaphragm at both the electrophysiological and ...

Immunostaining of Biocytin-filled and Processed Sections for Neurochemical Markers

对于神经化学标记用biocytin填充和加工部分的免疫染色

Electrophysiological recordings of cells using the patch clamp technique have allowed for the identification of different neuronal types based on firing ...