Name: dissection and imaging of active zones in the drosophila neuromuscular junction
Uploaded: 2011-04-27T16:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection and Imaging of Active Zones in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction at JoVE.com

Мы благодарим доктора Nael Алами и доктор Нам Чул Ким за полезные комментарии об этой рукописи.

1. Подготовка к иммунофлуоресценции: <ol><li> Чтобы создать рассекает поверхность, залить 184 Sylgard силиконового эластомера базы в небольшую тарелку культуры ткани. Удостоверьтесь, чтобы не заполнить пластины полностью, так что вскрытие области ниже, чем обод. </li><li> Trim рассечение булавками к...

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	<li>Budnik, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synapse+maturation+and+structural+plasticity+at+Drosophila+neuromuscular+junctions.">Synapse maturation and structural plasticity at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions.</a> Curr Opin Neurobiol. 6, 858-867 (1996).</li><li>Fouquet, W., Owald, D., Wichmann, C., Mertel, S., Depner, H., Dyba, M., Hallermann, S., Kittel, R. J., Eimer, S., Sigrist, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maturation+of+active+zone+assembly+by+Drosophila+Bruchpilot.">Maturation of active zone assembly by Drosophila Bruchpilot.</a> J Cell Biol. 186, 129-145 (2009).</li><li>Hoang, B., Chiba, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-Cell+Analysis+of+Drosophila+Larval+Neuromuscular+Synapses.">Single-Cell Analysis of Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Synapses.</a> Developmental Biology. 229, 55-70 (2001).</li><li>Keshishian, H., Kim, Y. -. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orchestrating+development+and+function:+retrograde+BMP+signaling+in+the+Drosophila+nervous+system.">Orchestrating development and function: retrograde BMP signaling in the Drosophila nervous system.</a> Trends in Neurosciences. 27, 143-147 (2004).</li><li>Kittel, R. J., Wichmann, C., Rasse, T. M., Fouquet, W., Schmidt, M., Schmid, A., Wagh, D. A., Pawlu, C., Kellner, R. R., Willig, K. I., Hell, S. W., Buchner, E., Heckmann, M., Sigrist, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bruchpilot+Promotes+Active+Zone+Assembly,+Ca2++Channel+Clustering,+and+Vesicle+Release.">Bruchpilot Promotes Active Zone Assembly, Ca2+ Channel Clustering, and Vesicle Release.</a> Science. 312, 1051-1054 (2006).</li><li>Koh, Y. H., Gramates, L. S., Budnik, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+larval+neuromuscular+junction:+Molecular+components+and+mechanisms+underlying+synaptic+plasticity.">Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction: Molecular components and mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity.</a> Microscopy Research and Technique. 49, 14-25 (2000).</li><li>Lloyd, T. E., Taylor, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flightless+flies:+Drosophila+models+of+neuromuscular+disease.">Flightless flies: Drosophila models of neuromuscular disease.</a> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1184, e1-e20 (2010).</li><li>Ratnaparkhi, A., Lawless, G. M., Schweizer, F. E., Golshani, P., Jackson, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Drosophila+model+of+ALS:+human+ALS-associated+mutation+in+VAP33A+suggests+a+dominant+negative+mechanism.">A Drosophila model of ALS: human ALS-associated mutation in VAP33A suggests a dominant negative mechanism.</a> PLoS One. 3, e2334-e2334 (2008).</li><li>Wagh, D. A., Rasse, T. M., Asan, E., Hofbauer, A., Schwenkert, I., D&#252;rrbeck, H., Buchner, S., Dabauvalle, M. -. C., Schmidt, M., Qin, G., Wichmann, C., Kittel, R., Sigrist, S. J., Buchner, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bruchpilot,+a+Protein+with+Homology+to+ELKS/CAST,+Is+Required+for+Structural+Integrity+and+Function+of+Synaptic+Active+Zones+in+Drosophila.">Bruchpilot, a Protein with Homology to ELKS/CAST, Is Required for Structural Integrity and Function of Synaptic Active Zones in Drosophila.</a> Neuron. 49, 833-844 (2006).</li><li>Zweier, C., Jong, E. K. d. e., Zweier, M., Orrico, A., Ousager, L. B., Collins, A. L., Bijlsma, E. K., Oortveld, M. A., Ekici, A. B., Reis, A., Schenck, A., Rauch, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CNTNAP2+and+NRXN1+are+mutated+in+autosomal-recessive+Pitt-Hopkins-like+mental+retardation+and+determine+the+level+of+a+common+synaptic+protein+in+Drosophila.">CNTNAP2 and NRXN1 are mutated in autosomal-recessive Pitt-Hopkins-like mental retardation and determine the level of a common synaptic protein in Drosophila.</a> Am J Hum Genet. 85, 655-666 (2009).</li></ol>

Для нейронов, синаптических площадь терминала имеет решающее значение, и является мостом для надлежащей связи между пост-и пресинаптических клетках. Эффективный способ исследовать здоровье нейронов при болезни моделей для анализа белков синаптических терминала иммунофлюоресценции...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Название реагента </td><td> Компания </td><td> Номер по каталогу </td><td> Комментарии </td></tr><tr><td> Sylgard 184 силиконового эластомера базы </td><td> Dow Corning </td><td> 68037-59-2 </td><td> После смешивания позволяет пузыри медленно подниматься, помещая на медленном ротатор или позволять, чтобы сидеть в течение 30 минут или больше. </td></tr><tr><td> Нержавеющая сталь Minutien Pins </td><td> Инструменты изобразительных наук </td><td> 26002-10 </td><td> Обрезать до ок. 3-4мм в длину с регулярными ножницами </td></tr><tr><td> Ламинэктомия Пинцет (Блант-Используется для захвата контакта) </td><td> Изобразительных инструментов науки </td><td> 11223-20 </td><td> Использование в качестве тупого щипцы для захвата контакты </td></tr><tr><td> Препарирование Пинцет </td><td> Инструменты Всемирного Precision </td><td> 501985 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> SuperFine Vannas Ножницы, 8 см долго </td><td> Инструменты Всемирного Precision </td><td> 501778 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Мышь против Вр антител </td><td> DSHB </td><td> NC82 </td><td> Используйте 1:50 разбавления </td></tr><tr><td> Cy3 Affinipure Коза по борьбе с пероксидазой хрена </td><td> Джексон Immunoresearch </td><td> 123-165-021 </td><td> Использование в разведении 1:200 </td></tr><tr><td> Alexa Fluor 488 антимышиного IgG </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> A11001 </td><td> Используйте ок. 1:200 разбавления </td></tr></tbody></table>

dissection and imaging of active zones in the drosophila neuromuscular junction

The Drosophila larvae neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an excellent model for the study of synaptic structure and function. Drosophila is well known for the ease of powerful genetic manipulations and the larval nervous system has proven particularly useful in studying not only normal function but also perturbations that accompany some neurological disease (Lloyd and Taylor, 2010). Many key synaptic molecules found in Drosophila are also found in mammals and like most CNS excitatory synapses in mammals, the Drosophila NMJ is glutamatergic and demonstrates activity-dependent remodeling (Kohet al. , 2000). Additionally, Drosophila neurons can be individually identified because their innervation patterns are stereotyped and repetitive making it possible to study identified synaptic terminals, such as those between motor neurons and the body-wall muscle fibers that they innervate (Keshishian and Kim, 2004). The existence of evolutionarily conserved synapse components along with the ease of genetic and physical manipulation make the Drosophila model ideal for investigating the mechanisms underlying synaptic function (Budnik, 1996).
The active zones at synaptic terminals are of particular interest because these are the sites of neurotransmitter release. NC82 is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the Drosophila protein Bruchpilot (Brp), a CAST1/ERC family member that is an important component of the active zone (Waghet al. , 2006). Brp was shown to directly shape the active zone T-bar and is responsible for effectively clustering Ca2+ channels beneath the T-bar density (Fouquetet al. , 2009). Mutants of Brp have reduced Ca2+ channel density, depressed evoked vesicle release, and altered short-term plasticity (Kittelet al. , 2006). Alterations to active zones have been observed in Drosophila disease models. For example, immunofluorescence using the NC82 antibody showed that the active zone density was decreased in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (Ratnaparkhiet al. , 2008; Zweieret al. , 2009). Thus, evaluation of active zones, or other synaptic proteins, in Drosophila larvae models of disease may provide a valuable initial clue to the presence of a synaptic defect.
Preparing whole-mount dissected Drosophila larvae for immunofluorescence analysis of the NMJ requires some skill, but can be accomplished by most scientists with a little practice. Presented is a method that provides for multiple larvae to be dissected and immunostained in the same dissection dish, limiting environmental differences between each genotype and providing sufficient animals for confidence in reproducibility and statistical analysis.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection and Imaging of Active Zones in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction at JoVE.com

Dissection and Imaging of Active Zones in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction

Нервно-мышечном соединении (NMJ) из<em&gt; Дрозофилы</em&gt; Является важной модельной системой для изучения нормальной синаптической функции, а также возмущения в синаптической функции найдены в некоторых неврологических заболеваний. Мы представляем протокол вскрытия<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Личиночной-двигательного аппарата и иммуногистохимическое активных белков зоны в NMJ.

Препарирование и обработка изображений активных зон в Drosophila Нервно-мышечном соединении

The Drosophila  larvae neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an excellent model for the study of synaptic structure and function. Drosophila  is well known for ...

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Dissection and Imaging of Active Zones in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction

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Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an excellent model system to study glutamatergic synaptic transmission. We describe the technique of focal ...