Name: non-surgical intratracheal instillation of mice with analysis of lungs and lung draining lymph nodes by flow cytometry
Uploaded: 2011-05-02T17:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Non-surgical Intratracheal Instillation of Mice with Analysis of Lungs and Lung Draining Lymph Nodes by Flow Cytometry at JoVE.com

1. Before the process, prepare and gather the following items
<ol>
	<li>Please refer to the image in Figure 1a) and 1b) for building a wooden platform to restrain the mouse during the procedure. </li>
	<li>Digestion mix for lymph nodes - HBSS + 1.25mg/ml Collagenase TypeIV or 2.5 mg/ml Collagenase D</li>
	<li>Digestion mix for lungs - HBSS + 1 mg/ml Collagenase </li>
	<li>Dilute latex beads (1:20) in PBS for intraperitoneal injection to visualize the LDLNs </li>
</ol>
Note: LDL...

<ol>
	<li>Grayson, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controls+for+lung+dendritic+cell+maturation+and+migration+during+respiratory+viral+infection.">Controls for lung dendritic cell maturation and migration during respiratory viral infection.</a> J Immunol. 179, 1438-1438 (2007).</li><li>GeurtsvanKessel, C. H., Lambrecht, B. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Division+of+labor+between+dendritic+cell+subsets+of+the+lung.">Division of labor between dendritic cell subsets of the lung.</a> Mucosal Immunol. 1, 442-442 (2008).</li><li>Bar-Haim, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interrelationship+between+dendritic+cell+trafficking+and+Francisella+tularensis+dissemination+following+airway+infection.">Interrelationship between dendritic cell trafficking and Francisella tularensis dissemination following airway infection.</a> PLoS Pathog. 4, e1000211-e1000211 (2008).</li><li>Kim, T. S., Braciale, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Respiratory+dendritic+cell+subsets+differ+in+their+capacity+to+support+the+induction+of+virus-specific+cytotoxic+CD8++T+cell+responses.">Respiratory dendritic cell subsets differ in their capacity to support the induction of virus-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses.</a> PLoS One. 4, e4204-e4204 (2009).</li><li>Bakocevic, N., Worbs, T., Davalos-Misslitz, A., Forster, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T+cell-dendritic+cell+interaction+dynamics+during+the+induction+of+respiratory+tolerance+and+immunity.">T cell-dendritic cell interaction dynamics during the induction of respiratory tolerance and immunity.</a> J Immunol. 184, 1317-1317 (2010).</li><li>Thomas, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+particle+size+on+the+pathology+and+efficacy+of+vaccination+in+a+murine+model+of+inhalational+anthrax.">Influence of particle size on the pathology and efficacy of vaccination in a murine model of inhalational anthrax.</a> J Med Microbiol. , (2010).</li><li>Kiyono, H., Fukuyama, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NALT-+versus+Peyer's-patch-mediated+mucosal+immunity.">NALT- versus Peyer's-patch-mediated mucosal immunity.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 4, 699-699 (2004).</li><li>Parungo, C. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphatic+drainage+of+the+peritoneal+space:+a+pattern+dependent+on+bowel+lymphatics.">Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal space: a pattern dependent on bowel lymphatics.</a> Ann Surg Oncol. 14, 286-286 (2007).</li><li>Jakubzick, C., Helft, J., Kaplan, T. J., Randolph, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+methods+to+study+pulmonary+dendritic+cell+migration+reveals+distinct+capacities+of+DC+subsets+to+acquire+soluble+versus+particulate+antigen.">Optimization of methods to study pulmonary dendritic cell migration reveals distinct capacities of DC subsets to acquire soluble versus particulate antigen.</a> J Immunol Methods. 337, 121-121 (2008).</li><li>Higgins, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relative+levels+of+M-CSF+and+GM-CSF+influence+the+specific+generation+of+macrophage+populations+during+infection+with+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis.">Relative levels of M-CSF and GM-CSF influence the specific generation of macrophage populations during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</a> J Immunol. 180, 4892-4892 (2008).</li><li>Kool, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alum+adjuvant+boosts+adaptive+immunity+by+inducing+uric+acid+and+activating+inflammatory+dendritic+cells.">Alum adjuvant boosts adaptive immunity by inducing uric acid and activating inflammatory dendritic cells.</a> J Exp Med. 205, 869-869 (2008).</li><li>Costa, D. L., Lehmann, J. R., Harold, W. M., Drew, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transoral+tracheal+intubation+of+rodents+using+a+fiberoptic+laryngoscope.">Transoral tracheal intubation of rodents using a fiberoptic laryngoscope.</a> Lab Anim Sci. 36, 256-256 (1986).</li><li>Takahashi, S., Patrick, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterns+of+lymphatic+drainage+to+individual+thoracic+and+cervical+lymph+nodes+in+the+rat.">Patterns of lymphatic drainage to individual thoracic and cervical lymph nodes in the rat.</a> Lab Anim. 21, 31-31 (1987).</li><li>Broeck, W. 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We have utilized this protocol to study trafficking of Bacillus anthracis spores from the lungs to the LDLNs. For 
similar applications, the number of particles delivered to the lungs should be carefully chosen so that the injected material can be detected 
in the LDLNs by flow cytometry. We have also successfully used this method for adoptive transfer of cells and labeling of specific lung cell 
populations using fluorescently labeled antibodies. In addition, this method is routinely used to administer bleomyci...

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <th>Name of the reagent</th>
 <th>Company</th>
 <th>Catalogue number</th>
 <th>Comments (optional)</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>70&mu;m Cell stariner</td>
 <td>BD</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Aniline Blue</td>
 <td>Fisher</td>
 <td>A967-25</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Animal Feeding needle</td>
 <td>Popper and Sons Inc</td>
 <td>7920</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>C2139</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase TypeIV</td>
 <td>Worthington</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase D</td>
 <td>Roche</td>
 <td>11088974103</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DPBS</td>
 <td>Invitrogen</td>
 <td>14190</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Fluoresbrite YG Microspheres (0.5&mu;m)</td>
 <td>Polysciences, Inc</td>
 <td>17152</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>HBSS without Calcium chloride and magnesium chloride</td>
 <td>Invitrogen</td>
 <td>14170</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ketamine HCl &nbsp;(100mg/ml)</td>
 <td>Hospira Inc</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Laryngoscope Blade</td>
 <td>PennCentury, Inc</td>
 <td>For Model LS-1</td>
 <td>Refer to <a href="http://www.penncentury.com">www.penncentury.com</a></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Lightweight Fiber Optic Laryngoscope</td>
 <td>WelchAllyn</td>
 <td>80814</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Red Fluorescent Beads (0.5&mu;m)</td>
 <td>Invitrogen</td>
 <td>F8812</td>
 <td>For i.p injection</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Xylazine (100mg/ml)</td>
 <td>Lloyd Laboratories</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

non-surgical intratracheal instillation of mice with analysis of lungs and lung draining lymph nodes by flow cytometry

Phagocytic cells such as alveolar macrophages and lung dendritic cells (LDCs) continuously sample antigens from the alveolar spaces in the 
lungs. LDCs, in particular, are known to migrate to the lung draining lymph nodes (LDLNs) where they present inhaled antigens to T cells initiating an 
appropriate immune response to a variety of immunogens1,2. To model interactions between the lungs and airborne antigens in mice, antigens can be 
administered intranasally1,3,4, intratracheally5 or as aerosols6. Delivery by each route involves distinct technical skills and limitations that need to be 
considered before designing an experiment. For example, intranasal and aerosolized exposure delivers antigens to both the lungs and the upper respiratory 
tract. Hence antigens can access the nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT)7, potentially complicating interpretation of the results. In addition, swallowing, 
sneezing and the breathing rate of the mouse may also lead to inconsistencies in the doses delivered. Although the involvement of the upper respiratory tract may 
be preferred for some studies, it can complicate experiments focusing on events specifically initiated in the lungs. In this setting, the intratracheal (i.t) 
route is preferable as it delivers test materials directly into the lungs and bypasses the NALT. Many i.t injection protocols involve either blind intubation of the 
trachea through the oral cavity or surgical exposure of the trachea to access the lungs. Herein, we describe a simple, consistent, non-surgical method for i.t 
instillation. The opening of the trachea is visualized using a laryngoscope and a bent gavage needle is then inserted directly into the trachea to deliver the 
innoculum. We also describe procedures for harvesting and processing of LDLNs and lungs for analysis of antigen trafficking by flow cytometry.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Non-surgical Intratracheal Instillation of Mice with Analysis of Lungs and Lung Draining Lymph Nodes by Flow Cytometry at JoVE.com

Non-surgical Intratracheal Instillation of Mice with Analysis of Lungs and Lung Draining Lymph Nodes by Flow Cytometry

We illustrate non-surgical delivery of test materials into the lungs of anesthetized mice via the trachea. This method permits lung exposure to bacterial and viral pathogens, cytokines, antibodies, beads, chemicals, or dyes. We further describe harvesting and processing of lungs and lung draining lymph nodes (LDLNs) for flow cytometry.

Phagocytic cells such as alveolar macrophages and lung dendritic cells (LDCs) continuously sample antigens from the alveolar spaces in the 
lungs. LDCs, ...

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