Name: particle agglutination method for poliovirus identification
Uploaded: 2011-04-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification at JoVE.com

We are grateful to Junko Wada for her excellent technical assistance. We are grateful to Prof. Akio Nomoto for kindly providing a baculovirus expression vector for PVR-IgG2a. This study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for the Promotion of Polio Eradication and Research on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

1.	Preparation of maintenance medium (MM) and growth medium (GM)
For preparation of MM and GM, please see a Polio laboratory manual of WHO 1. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 2% fetal calf serum (FCS) and 10% FCS could be used as substitutes of MM and GM, respectively.
2.	Preparation of anti-PV antibodies
<ol>
<li>Reconstitute anti-PV antibody (RIVM PV typing antiserum) by adding water (0.5 mL per vial) to each vial of anti-PV ...

<ol>
	<li>World Health Organization. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Polio Laboratory Manual (4th edition) WHO/IVB/04.10. , (2004).</li><li>Arita, M., Masujima, S., Wakita, T., Shimizu, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+particle+agglutination+method+with+soluble+virus+receptor+for+identification+of+poliovirus.">Development of a particle agglutination method with soluble virus receptor for identification of poliovirus.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 48, 2698-2702 (2010).</li><li>Bibb, J. A., Witherell, G., Bernhardt, G., Wimmer, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+of+poliovirus+with+its+cell+surface+binding+site.">Interaction of poliovirus with its cell surface binding site.</a> Virology. 201, 107-115 (1994).</li><li>Koike, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+poliovirus+receptor+protein+is+produced+both+as+membrane-bound+and+secreted+forms.">The poliovirus receptor protein is produced both as membrane-bound and secreted forms.</a> Embo J. 9. , 3217-3224 (1990).</li><li>Mendelsohn, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transformation+of+a+human+poliovirus+receptor+gene+into+mouse+cells.">Transformation of a human poliovirus receptor gene into mouse cells.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 83, 7845-7849 (1986).</li><li>Mendelsohn, C. L., Wimmer, E., Racaniello, V. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+receptor+for+poliovirus:+molecular+cloning,+nucleotide+sequence,+and+expression+of+a+new+member+of+the+immunoglobulin+superfamily.">Cellular receptor for poliovirus: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily.</a> Cell. 56, 855-865 (1989).</li><li>Arita, M., Koike, S., Aoki, J., Horie, H., Nomoto, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+of+poliovirus+with+its+purified+receptor+and+conformational+alteration+in+the+virion.">Interaction of poliovirus with its purified receptor and conformational alteration in the virion.</a> J. Virol. 72, 3578-3586 (1998).</li><li>McDermott, B. M., Rux, A. H., Eisenberg, R. J., Cohen, G. H., Racaniello, V. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two+distinct+binding+affinities+of+poliovirus+for+its+cellular+receptor.">Two distinct binding affinities of poliovirus for its cellular receptor.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 275, 23089-23096 (2000).</li><li>Pipkin, P. A., Wood, D. J., Racaniello, V. R., Minor, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterisation+of+L+cells+expressing+the+human+poliovirus+receptor+for+the+specific+detection+of+polioviruses+in+vitro.">Characterisation of L cells expressing the human poliovirus receptor for the specific detection of polioviruses in vitro.</a> J. Virol. Methods. 41, 333-340 (1993).</li><li>Avoort, H. G. v. a. n. d. e. r. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+study+of+five+methods+for+intratypic+differentiation+of+polioviruses.">Comparative study of five methods for intratypic differentiation of polioviruses.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 2562-2566 (1995).</li><li>Kilpatrick, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+group-,+serotype-,+and+vaccine+strain-specific+identification+of+poliovirus+isolates+by+real-time+reverse+transcription-PCR+using+degenerate+primers+and+probes+containing+deoxyinosine+residues.">Rapid group-, serotype-, and vaccine strain-specific identification of poliovirus isolates by real-time reverse transcription-PCR using degenerate primers and probes containing deoxyinosine residues.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 47, 1939-1941 (2009).</li></ol>

The unique point of this PA assay is the utilization of PVR molecule instead of anti-PV antibodies for the detection of PV 2. This allows a specific interaction of the sensitized gelatin particles with PV with a uniform affinity to all three serotypes of PV 3-6. We used an immunoadhesin form of PVR (PVR-IgG2a) for the sensitization of gelatin particles, because monomeric forms of PVR have only moderate affinities to the single binding site on the virion (dissociation constant of 10-7&tilde;-8 M) <...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
 	<tr>
 	<th>Name of the reagent</th>
 <th>Company</th>
 <th>Catalogue number</th>
 <th>Comments</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 	<td>Sensitized-gelatin particles</td>
 <td>Fujirebio Inc.</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Test kit</td>
 
 </tr>
 <tr>
 	<td>Reconstitution buffer</td>
 <td>Fujirebio Inc.</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Test kit</td>
 
 </tr>
 <tr>
 	<td>Microtitration plate</td>
 <td>Fujirebio Inc.</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Test kit</td>
 
 </tr>
 <tr>
 	<td>Anti-PV antibody</td>
 <td>RIVM</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 
 </tr>
 
 </tbody>
</table>

particle agglutination method for poliovirus identification

In the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, laboratory diagnosis plays a critical role by isolating and identifying PV from the stool samples of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases. In the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Polio Laboratory Network, PV isolation and identification are currently being performed by using cell culture system and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. In the post-eradication era of PV, simple and rapid identification procedures would be helpful for rapid confirmation of polio cases at the national laboratories. In the present study, we will show the procedure of novel PA assay developed for PV identification. This PA assay utilizes interaction of PV receptor (PVR) molecule and virion that is specific and uniform affinity to all the serotypes of PV. The procedure is simple (one step procedure in reaction plates) and rapid (results can be obtained within 2 h of reaction), and the result is visually observed (observation of agglutination of gelatin particles).

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification at JoVE.com

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

A recently developed novel particle agglutination (PA) assay utilizing virus receptor molecule allowed a rapid and easy identification of poliovirus (PV). In this article, we will show the procedure for the PA assay for PV identification.

In the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, laboratory diagnosis plays a critical role by isolating and identifying PV from the stool samples of acute ...

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