Name: investigating outer hair cell motility with a combination of external alternating electrical field stimulation and high-speed image analysis
Uploaded: 2011-07-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Investigating Outer Hair Cell Motility with a Combination of External Alternating Electrical Field Stimulation and High-speed Image Analysis at JoVE.com

कार्य स्वास्थ्य अनुदान R01DC10146/R01DC010397 के राष्ट्रीय संस्थानों द्वारा समर्थित है, p30 DC006276 रिसर्च कोर NIDCD, और HEI. इसकी सामग्री केवल लेखकों की ज़िम्मेदारी है और NIH या HEI के आधिकारिक विचार जरूरी नहीं प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं. लेखक ब्याज की कोई मौजूदा या संभावित संघर्ष की घोषणा.

1. OHCs के अलगाव <ol><li> गिनी सूअरों, चूहों या अपने स्तनधारी पशु मॉडल से अस्थायी हड्डियों की कटाई के द्वारा इस प्रक्रिया शुरू करो. </li><li> अगला, लौकिक एक कान में की हड्डी चिमटा का उपयोग क्रम में कोक्लीअ बेनकाब हड्ड?...

<ol>
	<li>Frolenkov, G. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+insights+into+the+morphogenesis+of+inner+ear+hair+cells.">Genetic insights into the morphogenesis of inner ear hair cells.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 5, 489-498 (2004).</li><li>Ashmore, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cochlear+outer+hair+cell+motility.">Cochlear outer hair cell motility.</a> Physiol Rev. 88, 173-210 (2008).</li><li>Dallos, P., Fakler, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prestin,+a+new+type+of+motor+protein.">Prestin, a new type of motor protein.</a> Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3, 104-111 (2002).</li><li>Frolenkov, G. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cochlear+outer+hair+cell+bending+in+an+external+electrical+field.">Cochlear outer hair cell bending in an external electrical field.</a> Biophys. J. 73, 1665-1672 (1997).</li><li>Matsumoto, N., Kalinec, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extraction+of+Prestin-Dependent+and+Prestin-Independent+Components+from+Complex+Motile+Responses+in+Guinea+Pig+Outer+Hair+Cells.">Extraction of Prestin-Dependent and Prestin-Independent Components from Complex Motile Responses in Guinea Pig Outer Hair Cells.</a> Biophys J. 89, 4343-4351 (2005).</li><li>Matsumoto, N., Kalinec, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prestin-dependent+and+prestin-independent+motility+of+guinea+pig+outer+hair+cells.">Prestin-dependent and prestin-independent motility of guinea pig outer hair cells.</a> Hear Res. 208, 1-12 (2005).</li><li>Ashmore, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+remarkable+cochlear+amplifier.">The remarkable cochlear amplifier.</a> Hear Res. 266, 1-17 (2010).</li><li>Kitani, R., Kakehata, S., Kalinec, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motile+responses+of+cochlear+outer+hair+cells+stimulated+with+an+alternating+electrical+field.">Motile responses of cochlear outer hair cells stimulated with an alternating electrical field.</a> Hearing Research. , (2011).</li><li>Dallos, P., Evans, B. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-frequency+outer+hair+cell+motility:+corrections+and+addendum.">High-frequency outer hair cell motility: corrections and addendum.</a> Science. 268, 1420-1421 (1995).</li><li>Frank, G., Hemmert, W., Gummer, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Limiting+dynamics+of+high-frequency+electromechanical+transduction+in+outer+hair+cells.">Limiting dynamics of high-frequency electromechanical transduction in outer hair cells.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96, 4420-4425 (1999).</li><li>Santos-Sacchi, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+frequency+limit+and+phase+of+outer+hair+cell+motility:+effects+of+the+membrane+filter.">On the frequency limit and phase of outer hair cell motility: effects of the membrane filter.</a> J. Neurosci. 12, 1906-1916 (1992).</li><li>Inou&#233;, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Video Microscopy. , (1986).</li></ol>

प्रायोगिक विधि यहाँ प्रस्तुत सेल आंदोलन के लिए किसी भी प्रतिबंध के बिना kHz के रेंज में OHC चलता - फिरता प्रतिक्रियाओं का आकलन सक्षम बनाता है. विभिन्न उत्तेजना प्रोटोकॉल, अतिरिक्त मार्कर (microspheres), बिजली क्षे?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> अभिकर्मक के नाम </td><td> कंपनी </td><td> सूचीपत्र संख्या </td><td> टिप्पणियां (वैकल्पिक) </td></tr><tr><td> लेबोविट्ज़ एल-15 </td><td> Gibco </td><td> 21083 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Collagenase (प्रकार 4) </td><td> सिग्मा Aldrich </td><td> C5138 </td><td> L-15 में 1mg/mL </td></tr></tbody></table>

investigating outer hair cell motility with a combination of external alternating electrical field stimulation and high-speed image analysis

OHCs are cylindrical sensorimotor cells located in the Organ of Corti, the auditory organ inside the mammalian inner ear. The name "hair cells" derives from their characteristic apical bundle of stereocilia, a critical element for detection and transduction of sound energy 1. OHCs are able to change shape &#x2014;elongate, shorten and bend&#x2014; in response to electrical, mechanical and chemical stimulation, a motor response considered crucial for cochlear amplification of acoustic signals 2.
OHC stimulation induces two different motile responses: i) electromotility, a.k.a fast motility, changes in length in the microsecond range derived from electrically-driven conformational changes in motor proteins densely packed in OHC plasma membrane, and ii) slow motility, shape changes in the millisecond to seconds range involving cytoskeletal reorganization 2, 3. OHC bending is associated with electromotility, and result either from an asymmetric distribution of motor proteins in the lateral plasma membrane, or asymmetric electrical stimulation of those motor proteins (e.g., with an electrical field perpendicular to the long axis of the cells) 4. Mechanical and chemical stimuli induce essentially slow motile responses, even though changes in the ionic conditions of the cells and/or their environment can also stimulate the plasma membrane-embedded motor proteins 5, 6. Since OHC motile responses are an essential component of the cochlear amplifier, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these motile responses at acoustic frequencies (roughly from 20 Hz to 20 kHz in humans) is a very important matter in the field of hearing research 7.
The development of new imaging technology combining high-speed videocameras, LED-based illumination systems, and sophisticated image analysis software now provides the ability to perform reliable qualitative and quantitative studies of the motile response of isolated OHCs to an external alternating electrical field (EAEF) 8. This is a simple and non-invasive technique that circumvents most of the limitations of previous approaches 9-11. Moreover, the LED-based illumination system provides extreme brightness with insignificant thermal effects on the samples and, because of the use of video microscopy, optical resolution is at least 10-fold higher than with conventional light microscopy techniques 12. For instance, with the experimental setup described here, changes in cell length of about 20 nm can be routinely and reliably detected at frequencies of 10 kHz, and this resolution can be further improved at lower frequencies. 
We are confident that this experimental approach will help to extend our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying OHC motility.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Investigating Outer Hair Cell Motility with a Combination of External Alternating Electrical Field Stimulation and High-speed Image Analysis at JoVE.com

Investigating Outer Hair Cell Motility with a Combination of External Alternating Electrical Field Stimulation and High-speed Image Analysis

बाहरी बाल सेल (OHC) चलता - फिरता प्रतिक्रियाओं, सहित electromotility, धीमी गति गतिशीलता और झुकने, की जांच के लिए एक विश्वसनीय विधि वर्णित है. OHC गतिशीलता उत्तेजना के द्वारा एक बाहरी बारी बिजली के क्षेत्र के साथ हासिल है, और विधि उच्च गति छवि रिकॉर्डिंग, रोशनी एलईडी आधारित, और पिछली पीढ़ी छवि विश्लेषण सॉफ्टवेयर का लाभ लेता है.

बाहरी बारी बिजली फील्ड उत्तेजना और उच्च गति छवि विश्लेषण के एक युग्म के साथ बाहरी बाल सेल गतिशीलता की जांच

OHCs are cylindrical sensorimotor cells located in the Organ of Corti, the auditory organ inside the mammalian inner ear. The name "hair cells" derives ...

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