Name: high-resolution endocardial and epicardial optical mapping in a sheep model of stretch-induced atrial fibrillation
Uploaded: 2011-07-29T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation at JoVE.com

При частичной поддержке грантов NHLBI P01-HL039707 и P01-HL087226 и Leducq Foundation (JJ, О. Б.), по испанским обществом кардиологов стипендий, Фонд Педро Барри де ла Маса и Фонд Альфонсо Мартина Эскудеро (DFR), Федерацией Французским Cardiologie (RPM), от общества ритма сердца общение премии, стипендии Японии Heart Foundation / Японского общества Электрокардиография (МГ).

1. Удаление сердца и Langendorff перфузии Овцы весом 35-40 кг анестезируют использованием 4-6 мг / кг пропофола и 60-100 мг / кг натрия фенобарбитала. Сердца удаляются через торакотомии и подключен к Langendorff-перфузионной системе с циркулирующим кислородом (95% O2, 5% CO2) решение Тирода с пост...

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	<li>Kannel, W. B., Wolf, P. A., Benjamin, E. J., Levy, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevalence,+incidence,+prognosis,+and+predisposing+conditions+for+atrial+fibrillation:+population-based+estimates.">Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates.</a> Am J Cardiol. 82, (1998).</li><li>Wolf, P. A., Abbott, R. D., Kannel, W. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atrial+fibrillation+as+an+independent+risk+factor+for+stroke:+the+Framingham+Study.">Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study.</a> Stroke. 22, 983-988 (1991).</li><li>Miyasaka, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Secular+trends+in+incidence+of+atrial+fibrillation+in+Olmsted+County,+Minnesota,+1980+to+2000,+and+implications+on+the+projections+for+future+prevalence.">Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence.</a> Circulation. 114, 119-125 (1980).</li><li>Ravelli, F., Allessie, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+atrial+dilatation+on+refractory+period+and+vulnerability+to+atrial+fibrillation+in+the+isolated+Langendorff-perfused+rabbit+heart.">Effects of atrial dilatation on refractory period and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in the isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart.</a> Circulation. 96, 1686-1695 (1997).</li><li>Gray, R. A., Pertsov, A. M., Jalife, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+and+temporal+organization+during+cardiac+fibrillation.">Spatial and temporal organization during cardiac fibrillation.</a> Nature. 392, 75-78 (1998).</li><li>Gray, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+cardiac+fibrillation.">Mechanisms of cardiac fibrillation.</a> Science. 270, 1222-1225 (1995).</li><li>Samie, F. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rectification+of+the+background+potassium+current:+a+determinant+of+rotor+dynamics+in+ventricular+fibrillation.">Rectification of the background potassium current: a determinant of rotor dynamics in ventricular fibrillation.</a> Circ Res. 89, 1216-1223 (2001).</li><li>Kalifa, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intra-atrial+pressure+increases+rate+and+organization+of+waves+emanating+from+the+superior+pulmonary+veins+during+atrial+fibrillation.">Intra-atrial pressure increases rate and organization of waves emanating from the superior pulmonary veins during atrial fibrillation.</a> Circulation. 108, 668-671 (2003).</li><li>Mandapati, R., Skanes, A., Chen, J., Berenfeld, O., Jalife, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+microreentrant+sources+as+a+mechanism+of+atrial+fibrillation+in+the+isolated+sheep+heart.">Stable microreentrant sources as a mechanism of atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart.</a> Circulation. 101, 194-199 (2000).</li><li>Yamazaki, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+stretch-induced+atrial+fibrillation+in+the+presence+and+the+absence+of+adrenocholinergic+stimulation:+interplay+between+rotors+and+focal+discharges.">Mechanisms of stretch-induced atrial fibrillation in the presence and the absence of adrenocholinergic stimulation: interplay between rotors and focal discharges.</a> Heart Rhythm. 6, 1009-1017 (2009).</li><li>Rama, D. F., Jalife, J., Antzelevitch, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+Underlying+Atrial+Fibrillation.">Mechanisms Underlying Atrial Fibrillation.</a> Basic Science for Clinical Electrophysiologist. 3, 141-156 (2011).</li><li>Berenfeld, O., Zaitsev, A. V., Mironov, S. F., Pertsov, A. M., Jalife, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Frequency-dependent+breakdown+of+wave+propagation+into+fibrillatory+conduction+across+the+pectinate+muscle+network+in+the+isolated+sheep+right+atrium.">Frequency-dependent breakdown of wave propagation into fibrillatory conduction across the pectinate muscle network in the isolated sheep right atrium.</a> Circ Res. 90, 1173-1180 (2002).</li><li>Haissaguerre, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+initiation+of+atrial+fibrillation+by+ectopic+beats+originating+in+the+pulmonary+veins.">Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins.</a> N Engl J Med. 339, 659-666 (1998).</li><li>Warren, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blockade+of+the+inward+rectifying+potassium+current+terminates+ventricular+fibrillation+in+the+guinea+pig+heart.">Blockade of the inward rectifying potassium current terminates ventricular fibrillation in the guinea pig heart.</a> J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 14, 621-631 (2003).</li><li>Claerbout, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Fundamentals of Geophysical Data Processing. , (1976).</li><li>Atienza, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+dominant+frequency+mapping+and+ablation+of+dominant+frequency+sites+in+atrial+fibrillation+with+left-to-right+frequency+gradients+predicts+long-term+maintenance+of+sinus+rhythm.">Real-time dominant frequency mapping and ablation of dominant frequency sites in atrial fibrillation with left-to-right frequency gradients predicts long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm.</a> Heart Rhythm. 6, 33-40 (2009).</li></ol>

Характеристики острого стретч-индуцированной ФП у изолированного сердца овец напоминают некоторые из свойств человеческой пароксизмальной ФП. Резкое увеличение внутри-предсердного давления в сердце овец позволяет поддерживать А. Ф. в течение длительных периодов времени, похожие на ...

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high-resolution endocardial and epicardial optical mapping in a sheep model of stretch-induced atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex cardiac arrhythmia with high morbidity and mortality.1,2 It is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance seen in clinical practice and its prevalence is expected to increase in the coming years.3 Increased intra-atrial pressure and dilatation have been long recognized to lead to AF,1,4 which highlights the relevance of using animal models and stretch to study AF dynamics. Understanding the mechanisms underlying AF requires visualization of the cardiac electrical waves with high spatial and temporal resolution. While high-temporal resolution can be achieved by conventional electrical mapping traditionally used in human electrophysiological studies, the small number of intra-atrial electrodes that can be used simultaneously limits the spatial resolution and precludes any detailed tracking of the electrical waves during the arrhythmia. The introduction of optical mapping in the early 90's enabled wide-field characterization of fibrillatory activity together with sub-millimeter spatial resolution in animal models5,6 and led to the identification of rapidly spinning electrical wave patterns (rotors) as the sources of the fibrillatory activity that may occur in the ventricles or the atria.7-9 Using combined time- and frequency-domain analyses of optical mapping it is possible to demonstrate discrete sites of high frequency periodic activity during AF, along with frequency gradients between left and right atrium. The region with fastest rotors activates at the highest frequency and drives the overall arrhythmia.10,11 The waves emanating from such rotor interact with either functional or anatomic obstacles in their path, resulting in the phenomenon of fibrillatory conduction.12 Mapping the endocardial surface of the posterior left atrium (PLA) allows the tracking of AF wave dynamics in the region with the highest rotor frequency. Importantly, the PLA is the region where intracavitary catheter-based ablative procedures are most successful terminating AF in patients,13 which underscores the relevance of studying AF dynamics from the interior of the left atrium. Here we describe a sheep model of acute stretch-induced AF, which resembles some of the characteristics of human paroxysmal AF. Epicardial mapping on the left atrium is complemented with endocardial mapping of the PLA using a dual-channel rigid borescope c-mounted to a CCD camera, which represents the most direct approach to visualize the patterns of activation in the most relevant region for AF maintenance.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation at JoVE.com

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

В настоящем докладе содержится подробное описание методологии и результатов одновременных эндокарда и эпикарда оптических отображение электрического возбуждения в интактном левое предсердие из Langendorff-перфузии овец сердца во время стретч-индуцированной фибрилляции предсердий.

Высокого разрешения эндокарда и эпикарда Оптический отображения в Овцы модели из стрейч-индуцированной фибрилляции предсердий

 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex cardiac arrhythmia with high morbidity and mortality.1,2 It is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance ...

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