1. Instrumentation 
<ol>
<li>To measure the response of olfactory sensory neurons to photolysis of caged compounds we use a flash lamp in combination with a typical patch-clamp recording system including: a patch-clamp amplifier, a recording electrode and a reference electrode connected to the head-stage of a patch-clamp amplifier, a digitizer, a computer, software for data acquisition, micro-manipulators, an epifluorescence microscope, a perfusion system, an anti-vibration table and a Faraday cage (Figure 2).</li>
<li...

<ol>
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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flash+photolysis+of+caged+compounds.">Flash photolysis of caged compounds.</a> Microelectrodes: Theory and Applications. , (1991).</li><li>Lagostena, L., Menini, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-cell+recordings+and+photolysis+of+caged+compounds+in+olfactory+sensory+neurons+isolated+from+the+mouse.">Whole-cell recordings and photolysis of caged compounds in olfactory sensory neurons isolated from the mouse.</a> Chem. Senses. 28, 705-716 (2003).</li><li>Boccaccio, A., Lagostena, L., Hagen, V., Menini, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+adaptation+in+mouse+olfactory+sensory+neurons+does+not+require+the+activity+of+phosphodiesterase.">Fast adaptation in mouse olfactory sensory neurons does not require the activity of phosphodiesterase.</a> J. Gen. Physiol. 128, 171-184 (2006).</li><li>Boccaccio, A., Menini, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+development+of+cyclic+nucleotide-gated+and+Ca2++-activated+Cl-+currents+in+isolated+mouse+olfactory+sensory+neurons.">Temporal development of cyclic nucleotide-gated and Ca2+ -activated Cl- currents in isolated mouse olfactory sensory neurons.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 98, 153-160 (2007).</li><li>Sagheddu, C., Boccaccio, A., Dibattista, M., Montani, G., Tirindelli, R., Menini, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+concentration+jumps+reveal+dynamic+ion+selectivity+of+calcium-activated+chloride+currents+in+mouse+olfactory+sensory+neurons+and+TMEM16B-transfected+HEK+293T+cells.">Calcium concentration jumps reveal dynamic ion selectivity of calcium-activated chloride currents in mouse olfactory sensory neurons and TMEM16B-transfected HEK 293T cells.</a> J. Physiol. 588, 4189-4204 (2010).</li><li>Balana, B., Taylor, N., Slesinger, P. 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闪存与膜片钳记录相结合的笼化合物的光解是一种有用的技术，获得快速和地方在内外细胞的生理活性分子的浓度跳跃。合成了几种类型的笼compounds1，这种技术可以适用于各种类型的细胞，包括培养细胞中表达，可激活或由一些可用的笼化合物11的光解调制的离子通道。 笼状化合物的光解需要高强度的近紫外线光脉冲uncage在很短的时间足够数量的分子。可用于各种光...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>设备</th><th>公司</th><th>目录编号</th><th>评论</th></tr><tr><td>适配器模块闪光灯显微镜</td><td>拉普光电</td><td> FlashCube 70 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>空气球台</td><td>丰田汽车公司</td><td>微克63-534 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>数字化仪</td><td> Axon仪器</td><td> Digidata 1322A </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>数据采集​​软件</td><td> Axon仪器</td><td> pClamp 8 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>数据分析软件</td><td> WaveMetrics </td><td>伊戈尔</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>适配器模块的反射镜</td><td>拉普光电</td><td> M70/100 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>电极支架</td><td> Axon仪器</td><td> 1，HL - U </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>法拉第笼</td><td>产品订制</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>过滤器的多维数据集</td><td>奥林巴斯</td><td> U型MWU </td><td>激发滤光片删除</td></tr><tr><td>闪光灯</td><td>拉普光电</td><td> JML - C2 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>钳杜蒙＃55 </td><td>世界精密仪器</td><td> 14099 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>玻璃毛细管</td><td>世界精密仪器</td><td> PG10165 - 4 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>玻璃底菜</td><td>世界精密仪器</td><td> FD35 - 100 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>照明灯</td><td>奥林巴斯</td><td>高亮3100 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>倒置显微镜</td><td>奥林巴斯</td><td> IX70 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Micromanipulators </td><td> Luigs和诺依曼</td><td> SM我</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>微管拖轮</td><td> Narishige </td><td> PP - 830 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>监视器</td><td> HesaVision </td><td> MTB - 01 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>中性密度​​滤光片</td><td>欧米茄光</td><td>变化</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>目的100X </td><td>蔡司</td><td> Fluar 440285 </td><td>无论是蔡司或Olympu小号</td></tr><tr><td>目的100X </td><td>奥林巴斯</td><td> UPLFLN 100XOI2 </td><td>无论是蔡司或奥林巴斯</td></tr><tr><td>光紫外线shortpass过滤器</td><td>拉普光电</td><td> SP400 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>膜片钳放大器</td><td> Axon仪器</td><td> Axopatch 200B中</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>光电二极管大会</td><td>拉普光电</td><td>掌上电脑</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>石英导光</td><td>拉普光电</td><td>变化</td><td>我们使用直径为600微米</td></tr><tr><td>银线</td><td>世界精密仪器</td><td> AGT1025 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>银地面颗粒</td><td>华纳仪器</td><td> 64-1309 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>氙弧灯</td><td>拉普光电</td><td> XBL - JML </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>试剂</th><th>公司</th><th>目录编号</th></tr><tr><td> BCMCM，笼中的cAMP </td><td> BIOLOG </td><td> B016 </td></tr><tr><td>牛血清白蛋白（BSA） </td><td>西格玛</td><td> A8806 </td></tr><tr><td>氯化钙标准溶液0.1 M </td><td> Fluka公司</td><td> 21059 </td></tr><tr><td>笼中的钙：DMNP - EDTA </td><td> Invitrogen公司</td><td> D6814 </td></tr><tr><td>半胱氨酸</td><td>西格玛</td><td> C9768 </td></tr><tr><td> V型刀豆蛋白A（刀豆蛋白） </td><td>西格玛</td><td> C7275 </td></tr><tr><td>铯</td><td>西格玛</td><td> C4036 </td></tr><tr><td>二甲基亚砜</td><td>西格玛</td><td> D8418 </td></tr><tr><td> DNA酶我</td><td>西格玛</td><td> D4527 </td></tr><tr><td> EDTA </td><td>西格玛</td><td> E9884 </td></tr><tr><td> EGTA </td><td>西格玛</td><td> E4378 </td></tr><tr><td>血糖</td><td>西格玛</td><td> G5767 </td></tr><tr><td> HEPES </td><td>西格玛</td><td> H3375 </td></tr><tr><td>氯化钾</td><td>西格玛</td><td> P3911 </td></tr><tr><td>氢氧化钾</td><td>西格玛</td><td> P1767 </td></tr><tr><td>亮肽素</td><td>西格玛</td><td> L0649 </td></tr><tr><td>氯化镁</td><td> Fluka公司</td><td> 63020 </td></tr><tr><td>木瓜蛋白酶</td><td>西格玛</td><td> P3125 </td></tr><tr><td>聚- L -赖氨酸</td><td>西格玛</td><td> P1274 </td></tr><tr><td>氯化钠</td><td>西格玛</td><td> S9888 </td></tr><tr><td>氢氧化钠</td><td>西格玛</td><td> S5881 </td></tr><tr><td> NaPyruvate </td><td>西格玛</td><td> P2256 </td></tr></tbody></table>

flash photolysis of caged compounds in the cilia of olfactory sensory  neurons

笼状化合物的光解允许快速和本地化的各种生理活性化合物的浓度增加生产。笼中的化合物是由一种化学笼紫外线闪光灯可以打破生理不活跃分子。在这里，我们展示了如何获取结合分离小鼠嗅感觉神经元的嗅觉传导的研究笼化合物光解的膜片钳记录。嗅觉传导的过程（图1）在嗅感觉神经元，气味结合的受体导致cAMP的增加，打开环核苷酸门控（CNG）， 通道 2的纤毛。 CA通过CNG的渠道进入激活钙激活Cl通道。我们展示了如何脱离鼠标嗅上皮和如何CNG通道或钙激活的氯通道激活，光解笼中的 cAMP 4笼约5元&lt;/ SUP&gt;。我们使用闪光灯6,7申请紫外线闪烁睫状肌地区uncage阵营或Ca，而膜片钳记录采取措施，目前在全细胞电压钳配置 8-11 。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flash Photolysis of Caged Compounds in the Cilia of Olfactory Sensory  Neurons at JoVE.com

Flash Photolysis of Caged Compounds in the Cilia of Olfactory Sensory  Neurons (Video) | JoVE

笼状化合物的光解允许快速和本地化的各种生理活性化合物的浓度增加生产。在这里，我们将展示如何获得光解笼中的cAMP结合或分离小鼠嗅感觉神经元的嗅觉传导的研究为笼钙膜片钳记录。

闪光光解笼状化合物在嗅感觉神经元的纤毛

Photolysis of caged compounds allows the production of rapid and localized increases in the concentration of various physiologically active compounds1. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Flash Photolysis of Caged Compounds in the Cilia of Olfactory Sensory  Neurons

Analyzing Responses of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons Using the Air-phase Electroolfactogram Recording

Analyzing Responses of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons Using the Air-phase Electroolfactogram Recording (Video) | JoVE

鼠标采用的空气相Electroolfactogram录制的嗅觉感官神经元响应分析

Animals depend on olfaction for many critical behaviors, such as finding food sources, avoiding predators, and identifying conspecifics for mating and ...

科研

神经科学

Live-imaging of PKC Translocation in Sf9 Cells and in Aplysia Sensory Neurons

Live-imaging of PKC Translocation in Sf9 Cells and in Aplysia Sensory Neurons (Video) | JoVE

在Sf9细胞，并在海兔感觉神经元PKC移位实时成像

Protein kinase Cs (PKCs) are serine threonine kinases that play a central role in regulating a wide variety of cellular processes such as cell growth and ...

Lentivirus-mediated Genetic Manipulation and Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in vivo

Lentivirus-mediated Genetic Manipulation and Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in vivo (Video) | JoVE

嗅觉感官神经元的慢病毒介导的遗传操作和可视化在体内</em

Development of a precise olfactory circuit relies on accurate projection of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons to their synaptic 
targets in the ...

Intracellular Recording, Sensory Field Mapping, and Culturing Identified Neurons in the Leech, Hirudo medicinalis

Intracellular Recording, Sensory Field Mapping, and Culturing Identified Neurons in the Leech, Hirudo medicinalis (Video) | JoVE

细胞内记录，感官字段映射，并在水蛭养殖鉴定神经元，医用水蛭</i

The freshwater leech, Hirudo medicinalis, is a versatile model organism that has been used to address scientific questions in the fields of ...

Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna

Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna (Video) | JoVE

嗅觉受体神经元在全山免疫标记<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;天线

Odorant molecules bind to their target receptors in a precise and coordinated manner. Each receptor recognizes a specific signal and relays this ...

Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice

Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice (Video) | JoVE

纤毛对小鼠的主要嗅觉系统整装标签

The mouse olfactory system comprises 6-10 million olfactory sensory neurons in the epithelium lining the nasal cavity. Olfactory neurons extend a single ...

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor (Video) | JoVE

鼠标嗅觉感官神经元的完整神经上皮穿孔膜片钳记录：神经元表达鉴定的气味受体功能分析

Analyzing the physiological responses of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) when stimulated with specific ligands is critical to understand the basis of ...

Live Imaging of the Ependymal Cilia in the Lateral Ventricles of the Mouse Brain

Live Imaging of the Ependymal Cilia in the Lateral Ventricles of the Mouse Brain (Video) | JoVE

室管膜纤毛在小鼠脑侧脑室实时成像

Multiciliated ependymal cells line the ventricles in the adult brain. Abnormal function or structure of ependymal cilia is associated with various ...

Olfactory Behaviors Assayed by Computer Tracking Of Drosophila in a Four-quadrant Olfactometer

Olfactory Behaviors Assayed by Computer Tracking Of Drosophila in a Four-quadrant Olfactometer (Video) | JoVE

通过计算机跟踪检测大鼠嗅觉行为<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;在四象限嗅

A key challenge in neurobiology is to understand how neural circuits function to guide appropriate animal behaviors. Drosophila melanogaster is an ...

Physiological Preparation of Hair Cells from the Sacculus of the American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

Physiological Preparation of Hair Cells from the Sacculus of the American Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana (Video) | JoVE

从美国牛蛙的小囊（毛细胞的生理准备<em&gt;牛蛙</em&gt;）

The study of hearing and balance rests upon insights drawn from biophysical studies of model systems. One such model, the sacculus of the American ...