Name: isolation of primary mouse trophoblast cells and trophoblast invasion assay
Uploaded: 2012-01-08T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Primary Mouse Trophoblast Cells and Trophoblast Invasion Assay at JoVE.com

The authors wish to thank the Creative Services team at the University of Missouri Academic Support Center who produced this video. 
This work was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &amp; Human Development of the National Institutes of Health, grant number 
HD055231

1. Dissection of the mouse placenta
<ol>
 <li>Set up mating pairs of mice.</li>
 <li>On each of the following days, check for the presence of a copulatory plug. The day in which a plug is detected is considered 0.5 days post-coitus 
 (dpc)7.</li>
 <li>Placentas may be collected at the desired stage of pregnancy, with a clean dissection of the placenta possible beginning with the development of the mature placenta on d 10.5. Here, we demonstrate 14.5 dpc. At the given volumes, 40-60 placent...

<ol>
	<li>Thordarson, G., Folger, P., Talamantes, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+placental+cell+culture+system+for+studying+the+control+of+mouse+placental+lactogen+II+secretion.">Development of a placental cell culture system for studying the control of mouse placental lactogen II secretion.</a> Placenta. 8, 573-585 (1987).</li><li>Petroff, M. G., Phillips, T. A., Ka, H., Pace, J. L., Hunt, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+culture+of+term+human+trophoblast+cells.">Isolation and culture of term human trophoblast cells.</a> Methods. Mol. Med. 121, 203-217 (2006).</li><li>Kliman, H. J., Nestler, J. E., Sermasi, E., Sanger, J. M., Strauss, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification,+characterization,+and+in+vitro+differentiation+of+cytotrophoblasts+from+human+term+placentae.">Purification, characterization, and in vitro differentiation of cytotrophoblasts from human term placentae.</a> Endocrinology. 118, 1567-1582 (1986).</li><li>Blaschitz, A., Weiss, U., Dohr, G., Desoye, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibody+reaction+patterns+in+first+trimester+placenta:+implications+for+trophoblast+isolation+and+purity+screening.">Antibody reaction patterns in first trimester placenta: implications for trophoblast isolation and purity screening.</a> Placenta. 21, 733-741 (2000).</li><li>Librach, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=92-kD+type+IV+collagenase+mediates+invasion+of+human+cytotrophoblasts.">92-kD type IV collagenase mediates invasion of human cytotrophoblasts.</a> J. Cell. Biol. 113, 437-449 (1991).</li><li>Schulz, L. C., Widmaier, E. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+leptin+on+mouse+trophoblast+cell+invasion.">The effect of leptin on mouse trophoblast cell invasion.</a> Biol. Reprod. 71, 1963-1967 (2004).</li><li>Tanaka, S., Kunath, T., Hadjantonakis, A. K., Nagy, A., Rossant, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Promotion+of+trophoblast+stem+cell+proliferation+by+FGF4.">Promotion of trophoblast stem cell proliferation by FGF4.</a> Science. 282, 2072-2075 (1998).</li></ol>

In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of trophoblast cells from the mouse placenta. We then show an in vitro assay for trophoblast 
invasion. Using this procedure, a largely, but not entirely, pure population of trophoblast cells can be obtained. If further purity is required, magnetic 
bead separation or flow cytometry could be performed, as has been described for primary human trophoblast cells. The proper length of the collagenase 
dissociation step must be determined with each experiment, and will be learned wi...

Specific reagents and equipment:
Wash Solution (filter sterilize after mixing)
<table border='1'>
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Reagent</td>
 <td>Amount</td>
 <td>Final concentration</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>10x Medium 199</td>
 <td>50ml</td>
 <td>1X</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hepes</td>
 <td>2.383 g</td>
 <td>0.02M</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>sodium bicarbonate</td>
 <td>0.42 g</td>
 <td>0.01M</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Penicllin-Streptomycin</td>
 <td>5 mL</td>
 <td>100 U- 100 &mu;g /ml</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sterile dH20</td>
 <td>to 500 mL</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

Dissociation solution (make fresh and filter sterilize)
<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Reagent</td>
 <td>Amount</td>
 <td>Final concentration</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Wash Solution</td>
 <td>100 mL</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DNase</td>
 <td>1 vial (2000 U)</td>
 <td>20 U/mL</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase</td>
 <td>100 mg</td>
 <td>125 digestion units/mL</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>


<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of the reagent</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue number</td>
 <td>Comments</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>C9891</td>
 <td>This is Clostridium collagenase.
Bovine pancreatic collagenase would likely work as well</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>NCTC-135</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>D4263</td>
 <td>Add FBS to 10%</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Matrigel invasion chambers</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>354481</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>10x Medium 199</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>M9163</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
 <td>Invitrogen</td>
 <td>15140</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DNase</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>D4263</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>100 &mu;m Cell strainer</td>
 <td>Fisher</td>
 <td>22363549</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Antibody to cytokeratin 7</td>
 <td>DAKO</td>
 <td>M7018</td>
 <td>Used at 1:100 dilution</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

Equipment Standard cell culture equipment including a CO2 incubator is required. In addition, a centrifuge rotor capable of spinning 50 ml tubes at 30,000 x g is needed. Note that this exceeds the maximum speed of most conical centrifuge tubes and will likely require an Oak Ridge style tube.

isolation of primary mouse trophoblast cells and trophoblast invasion assay

The placenta is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gasses and growth factors to the fetus, as well as the elimination of wastes. 
Thus, defects in placental development have important consequences for the fetus and mother, and are a major cause of embryonic lethality. The major cell type of the 
fetal portion of the placenta is the trophoblast. Primary mouse placental trophoblast cells are a useful tool for studying normal and abnormal placental development, 
and unlike cell lines, may be isolated and used to study trophoblast at specific stages of pregnancy. In addition, primary cultures of trophoblast from transgenic
mice may be used to study the role of particular genes in placental cells. The protocol presented here is based on the description by Thordarson et al.1, in which a 
percoll gradient is used to obtain a relatively pure trophoblast cell population from isolated mouse placentas. It is similar to the more widely used methods for 
human trophoblast cell isolation2-3. Purity may be assessed by immunocytochemical staining of the isolated cells for cytokeratin 74. Here, the isolated cells are 
then analyzed using a matrigel invasion assay to assess trophoblast invasiveness in vitro5-6. The invaded cells are analyzed by immunocytochemistry and stained 
for counting.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Primary Mouse Trophoblast Cells and Trophoblast Invasion Assay at JoVE.com

Isolation of Primary Mouse Trophoblast Cells and Trophoblast Invasion Assay

In this protocol, we describe the dissection of placentae from the mouse on pregnancy d10.5, followed by isolation of trophoblast cells using a Percoll gradient. We then demonstrate use of the isolated cells in a matrigel invasion assay.

The placenta is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gasses and growth factors to the fetus, as well as the elimination of wastes.  
Thus, defects ...

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