Name: implantation of radiotelemetry transmitters yielding data on ecg, heart rate, core body temperature and activity in free-moving laboratory mice
Uploaded: 2011-11-21T12:00:00
Duration: 9 min 11 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice at JoVE.com

Gli autori desiderano ringraziare Charles River in Germania per la fornitura di CD-1 nei topi. Ringraziamo anche Robin Schneider e il personale del laboratorio centrale per il supporto biologico nel topo alloggi. Ringraziamo Nicholls Flora per un&#39;eccellente assistenza tecnica e il professor Kurt Burki generosamente per fornire servizi di ricerca e risorse.

<ol>
	<li>Cesarovic, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isoflurane+and+sevoflurane+provide+equally+effective+anesthesia+in+laboratory+mice.">Isoflurane and sevoflurane provide equally effective anesthesia in laboratory mice.</a> Lab. Anim. 44, 329-336 (2010).</li><li>Gross, V., Luft, F. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercising+restraint+in+measuring+blood+pressure+in+conscious+mice.">Exercising restraint in measuring blood pressure in conscious mice.</a> Hypertension. 41, 879-881 (2003).</li><li>Kramer, K., Kinter, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+and+applications+of+radiotelemetry+in+small+laboratory+animals.">Evaluation and applications of radiotelemetry in small laboratory animals.</a> Physiol. Genomics. 13, 197-205 (2003).</li><li>Kramer, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+telemetry+to+record+electrocardiogram+and+heart+rate+in+freely+moving+mice.">Use of telemetry to record electrocardiogram and heart rate in freely moving mice.</a> J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 30, 209-215 (1993).</li><li>Arras, M., Rettich, A., Cinelli, P., Kasermann, H. P., Burki, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+post-laparotomy+pain+in+laboratory+mice+by+telemetric+recording+of+heart+rate+and+heart+rate+variability.">Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability.</a> BMC. Vet. Res. 3, 16-16 (2007).</li><li>Schuler, B., Rettich, A., Vogel, J., Gassmann, ., Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+surgical+techniques+and+postoperative+care+improve+survival+rates+and+permit+accurate+telemetric+recording+in+exercising+mice.">Optimized surgical techniques and postoperative care improve survival rates and permit accurate telemetric recording in exercising mice.</a> BMC. Vet. Res. 5, 28-28 (2009).</li><li>Pritchett-Corning, K. R., Mulder, G. B., Luo, Y., White, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+of+Rodent+Surgery+for+the+New+Surgeon.">Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (47), e2586-e2586 (2011).</li><li>Rettich, A., Kasermann, H. P., Pelczar, P., Burki, K., Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+physiological+and+behavioral+impact+of+sensory+contact+among+unfamiliar+adult+mice+in+the+laboratory.">The physiological and behavioral impact of sensory contact among unfamiliar adult mice in the laboratory.</a> J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. 9, 277-288 (2006).</li><li>Spani, D., Arras, M., Konig, B., Rulicke, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Higher+heart+rate+of+laboratory+mice+housed+individually+vs+in+pairs.">Higher heart rate of laboratory mice housed individually vs in pairs.</a> Lab. Anim. 37, 54-62 (2003).</li><li>Zeller, A., Arras, M., Jurd, R., Rudolph, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+the+contribution+of+beta3-containing+GABAA+receptors+to+volatile+and+intravenous+general+anesthetic+actions.">Mapping the contribution of beta3-containing GABAA receptors to volatile and intravenous general anesthetic actions.</a> BMC. Pharmacol. 7, 2-2 (2007).</li><li>Zeller, A., Arras, M., Jurd, R., Rudolph, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+molecular+target+mediating+the+general+anesthetic+actions+of+pentobarbital.">Identification of a molecular target mediating the general anesthetic actions of pentobarbital.</a> Mol. Pharmacol. 71, 852-859 (2007).</li><li>Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+pain+therapy+in+laboratory+mice.">Improvement of pain therapy in laboratory mice.</a> Altex. 24, 6-8 (2007).</li></ol>

Nessun conflitto di interessi dichiarati.

Radiotelemetry è una valida alternativa ai metodi convenzionali di misura di parametri fisiologici nella ricerca biomedica. Alta qualità, sistemi di telemetria composta da impiantabili trasmettitori, ricevitori e acquisizione dati e analisi di hardware e software sono ora disponibili in commercio, anche per gli animali piccoli come topi. Telemetria rappresenta l&#39;unica tecnica attualmente disponibile per la raccolta dei dati da sfrenato, liberi di muoversi topi. Utilizzando questo metodo, è ora possibile raccogliere dati in modo continuo e / o per periodi più lunghi di tempo da animali che risiedono nel proprio ambiente familiare, riducendo così al minimo lo stress per gli animali e conseguenti artefatti sperimentali. La forma e la posizione dei cavi è stata ottimizzata al fine di ottenere segnali anche durante i movimenti veloci (ad esempio, lotta, corsa, lotta) o in una postura eretta 9. Così, misurazioni accurate possono essere ottenute durante gli esperimenti, ad esempio durante l&#39;anestesia, lo stressproduzione, durante l&#39;esecuzione su un tapis roulant, durante gli esperimenti comportamentali, durante gli esperimenti l&#39;infezione, e molte altre situazioni sperimentali. Tuttavia, al fine di ottenere dati affidabili, ripetibili e prive di artefatti, è fondamentale per escludere influenze ambientali, e attirare l&#39;attenzione in particolare l&#39;importanza di condizioni standardizzate. Si raccomanda che la stanza è isolata dal rumore elettronico e acustico, compresi gli ultrasuoni, a cui i topi sono particolarmente sensibili. Inoltre, non disturbi, come visitatori o non correlati procedure sperimentali, dovrebbe essere consentito lo svolgimento delle misurazioni. Per evitare interferenze influenze (in particolare in caso di misurazioni gabbia di casa), tutte le procedure necessarie allevamento dovrebbero essere completate in sala prima dell&#39;inizio di ogni misurazione. Inoltre, l&#39;alloggiamento di topi, in particolare se i maschi sono utilizzati in gruppi o singolarmente possono avere un impatto sulle misure e devono essere considerati quando si plaesperimenti nning 9. Inoltre, i topi devono essere sani e privi di agenti patogeni murini, dal momento che le infezioni latenti o manifesti, così come le malattie o menomazioni salute, possono avere una notevole influenza sui parametri fisiologici e del comportamento di attività. Di conseguenza, i topi dovrebbe recuperare completamente dopo l&#39;impianto e avere tempo sufficiente per adeguarsi a portare il trasmettitore prima di iniziare qualsiasi sperimentazione. La raccolta dei dati da radiotelemetry nei topi richiede preliminare impianto chirurgico dei trasmettitori telemetrici. Questo dovrebbe essere eseguita solo da personale qualificato con competenze chirurgiche al fine di minimizzare il trauma dei tessuti e il dolore conseguente e angoscia. Per sperimentatori tenendo competenze chirurgiche di base o anche avanzati (micro-), si raccomanda di eseguire le prime prove in cadaveri del mouse fresca utilizzando gli impianti di formazione (ad esempio, manichini, fornito dal produttore) per stabilire le procedure e prendere confidenza con le specifiche di questo tipodella chirurgia. Dopo tale formazione, più sperimentatori sarebbe in grado di impiantare questo tipo di trasmettitori con successo e avrebbe raggiunto una competenza utile dopo un paio di implantologia. Condizioni di asepsi deve essere mantenuta durante l&#39;intervento chirurgico per mantenere il carico microbiologico e il rischio di infezioni basso. Tuttavia, la sterilità completa non possono essere fornite a causa di alcuni particolari, le condizioni di sterilità conflittuali nei topi (ad esempio, effetto di raffreddamento del taglio dei capelli ampia e disinfezione, impraticabilità di bende per proteggere le ferite). Così, profilassi antinfettiva è somministrato durante l&#39;impianto. Bene su misura trattamento analgesico e un piano di monitoraggio ben definito così come un&#39;adeguata assistenza post-operatoria svolgono un ruolo cruciale nel buon esito dell&#39;esperimento. Nel complesso, l&#39;impianto chirurgico di un trasmettitore telemetrico nei topi sarà stressante per l&#39;animale. In particolare, se la modificazione genetica nelle specifichele linee del mouse IFIC influenza il fenotipo e danneggia condizione corporea degli animali &#39;, complicazioni nel peri-operatorio i tempi ei tassi di mortalità aumentati dopo l&#39;impianto potrebbe essere un rischio. Per evitare inutili sofferenze, gli individui espositrici recupero insoddisfacente o convalescenza prolungata devono essere rilasciate da l&#39;esperimento e si sono sacrificati prima di raggiungere un palcoscenico moribondo. A tal fine, una scheda dei dati (Tabella 1: stato di salute generale e la vigilanza foglio dati) facilitare il monitoraggio sistematico dei sintomi critici e fornendo consigli su endpoint umana è stata stabilita. Così, il recupero è documentato nello stile di una cartella clinica o di una rivista di laboratorio, che rende la conduzione di questa metodologia (cioè procedura di impianto e di recupero post-operatorio) trasparente alle autorità competenti e gli enti responsabili del benessere degli animali per la sperimentazione animale (ad esempio, IACUC).

Corrections in the Protocol and Discussion sections have been made to: Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice
Step 1.2 in the Protocol has been updated from:
1.2 Hair clipping at one day prior to surgery
The day prior to implantation, in order to shave the animals for surgery, mice are anesthetized briefly in a small (8x8x8cm) Perspex chamber using sevoflurane (8%) or isoflurane (5%) in pure oxygen (600 mL/min). After loss of the righting reflex, the mouse is taken out of the chamber and the anterior neck and abdominal hair is clipped with the animal lying in dorsal recumbence; anesthesia is maintained for approximately 5 minutes with a nose mask with sevoflurane 3-4% or isoflurane 1.5-3% in pure oxygen at a flow rate of 600 mL/min. After clipping the hair, the animals are allowed to awaken and are then brought back to their home cage.
to:
After the last health check or directly prior surgery, in order to shave the animals for surgery, mice are anesthetized briefly in a small (8x8x8cm) Perspex chamber using sevoflurane (8%) or isoflurane (5%) in pure oxygen (600 mL/min). Shaving the animals one day before surgery prevents hair stubbles in the operating field. After loss of the righting reflex, the mouse is taken out of the chamber and the anterior neck and abdominal hair is clipped with the animal lying in dorsal recumbence; anesthesia is maintained for approximately 5 minutes with a nose mask with sevoflurane 3-4% or isoflurane 1.5-3% in pure oxygen at a flow rate of 600 mL/min. After clipping the hair, the animals are allowed to awaken and are then brought back to their home cage.
Step 2.3 in the Protocol has been updated from:
2.3 Surgery
The skin of the anterior neck and abdominal region is disinfected with 70% ethanol. A 1- to 1.5-cm-long incision in the skin is made from the lower thorax along the midline to the abdomen. The negative (white/colourless) lead is tunnelled subcutaneously from the thorax to the neck, where a small incision (&#8804;0.5 cm) is made in the longitudinal direction. The skin and underlying tissues are prepared to make space for the fixation of the wire loop of the electrode. The wire loop is fixed between the muscles located to the right of the trachea, using two thin silk sutures (PERMA-Handseide, 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). The wound in the neck is then closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in layers. The abdominal wall is then opened at the linea alba and the body of the telemetric transmitter is placed into the abdominal cavity of the mouse. The wire loop of the positive (red) electrode is sutured to the xiphoid process with silk sutures in such a way that it lies between the liver and the diaphragm in the left upper abdominal region (Figure 2). Then, the muscle layers of the abdominal region are closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). Before finally closing the abdominal wall, a mixture of Sulfadoxin and Trimethoprim [(30 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively; dissolved in 1 mL of saline (0.9%) and at approximately body temperature (38-39&#176;C)] is injected into the abdominal cavity for the purposes of anti-infective prophylaxis and to support fluid homeostasis. Finally, the skin of the abdominal region is restored with staples (Precise, 3 M Health Care, St. Paul, MN, USA).
to:
2.3 Surgery
The skin of the anterior neck and abdominal region is disinfected for 5 minutes with 70% ethanol, chlorhexidine or iodine using a soaked cotton swab. A 1- to 1.5-cm-long incision in the skin is made from the lower thorax along the midline to the abdomen. The negative (white/colourless) lead is tunnelled subcutaneously from the thorax to the neck, where a small incision (&#8804;0.5 cm) is made in the longitudinal direction. The skin and underlying tissues are prepared to make space for the fixation of the wire loop of the electrode. The wire loop is fixed between the muscles located to the right of the trachea, using two thin silk sutures (PERMA-Handseide, 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). The wound in the neck is then closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in layers. The abdominal wall is then opened at the linea alba and the body of the telemetric transmitter is placed into the abdominal cavity of the mouse. The wire loop of the positive (red) electrode is sutured to the xiphoid process with silk sutures in such a way that it lies between the liver and the diaphragm in the left upper abdominal region (Figure 2). Then, the muscle layers of the abdominal region are closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). Before finally closing the abdominal wall, a mixture of Sulfadoxin and Trimethoprim [(30 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively; dissolved in 1 mL of saline (0.9%) and at approximately body temperature (38-39&#176;C)] is injected into the abdominal cavity for the purposes of anti-infective prophylaxis and to support fluid homeostasis. Finally, the skin of the abdominal region is restored with staples (Precise, 3 M Health Care, St. Paul, MN, USA) or intracutaneous, running, absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany).

Step 3 in the Protocol has been updated from:
3. Post-operative care
After completion of surgery and anesthesia, 0.1 mg/kg of buprenorphine (Temgesic, Essex Chemie AG, Lucerne, Switzerland) and 5 mg/kg of meloxicam (Metacam, Boehringer Ingelheim, Basel, Switzerland) is administered subcutaneously for pain treatment, and the animals are left on the warm (39&#176;C +/-1) surface of the work bench to recover for approximately 2h. Together with pain relief (twice daily: buprenorphine, 0.1 mg/kg and meloxicam 5 mg/kg), supportive therapy consisting of 300 &#956;L glucose (5%) and 300 &#956;L saline (0.9%) warmed to body temperature, is applied subcutaneously twice daily for 4 days. For further recovery support, it is worthwhile providing the animals with an additional drinking bottle containing 15% glucose solution During the recovery period of 4-10 days, it is recommended that the animals are kept warm. Therefore, in our case, the mice are housed in a warming cabinet (30&#176;C +/- 1). Monitoring of general condition and body weight, as well as food and water consumption, is performed once daily according to the general condition and health monitoring data sheet (Table 1) for 10 days post-operatively. Humane endpoints, i.e. the sacrifice of an animal to avoid unnecessary suffering and pain if progression of recovery is unsatisfactory, are realised under the following conditions:
i. If in poor general condition, i.e. the animal is substantially apathetic (no movement after being touched/pushed) and its body surface feels cold despite warming, the animal should be euthanatized immediately
ii. If, on day 4 after transmitter implantation, the animal shows clear signs of apathy, is extremely aggressive or does not show any food intake, it should be euthanatized immediately.
iii. On day 8 after transmitter implantation, the animal has to display a clear increase in body weight in comparison to the preceding post-operative days. Moreover, it has to consume at least 80% of the pre-operative daily food intake. If one of these conditions is not met, the animal should be euthanatized immediately.
At 10 days after implantation, the animal is transferred back to the animal room under standard housing conditions. Mice should be housed in compatible groups to allow social interaction and to prevent the adverse effects of long-term individual housing, which can have substantial impacts on the read-out of subsequent experiments8, 9. Mice should have a period of at least 4 weeks convalescence after transmitter implantation before the first experiment is conducted and data acquisition begins.
to:
After completion of surgery and anesthesia, 0.1 mg/kg of buprenorphine (Temgesic, Essex Chemie AG, Lucerne, Switzerland) and 5 mg/kg of meloxicam (Metacam, Boehringer Ingelheim, Basel, Switzerland) is administered subcutaneously for pain treatment, and the animals are left on the warm (39&#176;C +/-1) surface of the work bench to recover for approximately 2h. Together with pain relief (twice daily: buprenorphine, 0.1 mg/kg and meloxicam 5 mg/kg), supportive therapy consisting of 300 &#956;L glucose (5%) and 300 &#956;L saline (0.9%) warmed to body temperature, is injected subcutaneously twice daily for 4 days. For further recovery support, it is worthwhile providing the animals with an additional drinking bottle containing 15% glucose solution During the recovery period of 4-10 days, it is recommended that the animals are kept warm. Therefore, in our case, the mice are housed in a warming cabinet (30&#176;C +/- 1). Monitoring of general condition and body weight, as well as food and water consumption, is performed once daily according to the general condition and health monitoring data sheet (Table 1) for 10 days post-operatively. Humane endpoints, i.e. the sacrifice of an animal to avoid unnecessary suffering and pain if progression of recovery is unsatisfactory, are realised under the following conditions:
i. If in poor general condition, i.e. the animal is substantially apathetic (no movement after being touched/pushed) and its body surface feels cold despite warming, the animal should be euthanatized immediately
ii. If, on day 4 after transmitter implantation, the animal shows clear signs of apathy, is extremely aggressive or does not show any food intake, it should be euthanatized immediately.
iii. On day 8 after transmitter implantation, the animal has to display a clear increase in body weight in comparison to the preceding post-operative days. Moreover, it has to consume at least 80% of the pre-operative daily food intake. If one of these conditions is not met, the animal should be euthanatized immediately.
At 10 days after implantation, the animal is transferred back to the animal room under standard housing conditions. In case staples have been used, these should be removed 7-10 days after surgery; absorbable sutures have not to be removed. Mice should be housed in compatible groups to allow social interaction and to prevent the adverse effects of long-term individual housing, which can have substantial impacts on the read-out of subsequent experiments8, 9. Mice should have a period of at least 4 weeks convalescence after transmitter implantation before the first experiment is conducted and data acquisition begins.
The 4th paragraph in the Discussion has been updated from:
Aseptic conditions should be maintained during surgery to keep the microbiological burden and the risk of infections low. However, complete sterility cannot be provided because of some specific, sterility conflicting conditions in mice (e.g., cooling effect of extensive hair clipping and disinfection, impracticality of bandages to protect the wounds). Thus, anti-infective prophylaxis is administered during the implantation. Well tailored analgesic treatment and a clearly defined monitoring plan as well as adequate post-operative care play a crucial role in the satisfactory outcome of the experiment.
to:
Aseptic conditions should be maintained during surgery to keep the microbiological burden and the risk of infections low. However, if there are doubts that asepsis was breached because of some specific, sterility conflicting conditions in mice (e.g., cooling effect of extensive hair clipping and disinfection, impracticality of bandages to protect the wounds). Anti-infective prophylaxis should be administered during the implantation. Well-tailored analgesic treatment and a clearly defined monitoring plan as well as adequate post-operative care play a crucial role in the satisfactory outcome of the experiment.

Corrections in the Protocol and Discussion sections have been made to: Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

Erratum: Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

implantation of radiotelemetry transmitters yielding data on ecg, heart rate, core body temperature and activity in free-moving laboratory mice

Il topo di laboratorio è la specie animale di scelta per la maggior parte della ricerca biomedica, sia nel mondo accademico e l&#39;industria farmaceutica. I topi sono di dimensioni gestibili e relativamente facile da casa. Questi fattori, insieme con la disponibilità di un patrimonio di mutanti spontaneo e indotto sperimentalmente, fanno topi di laboratorio ideale per una vasta gamma di aree di ricerca. Nella ricerca cardiovascolare, farmacologiche e tossicologiche, la misurazione accurata dei parametri relativi al sistema circolatorio degli animali da laboratorio è spesso richiesto. Determinazione della frequenza cardiaca, variabilità della frequenza cardiaca, e la durata del PQ e gli intervalli QT sono basate su elettrocardiogramma (ECG) registrazioni. Tuttavia, ottenere affidabile tracciati ECG, nonché i dati fisiologici come la temperatura corporea nei topi possono essere difficili utilizzando tecniche di misura convenzionali, che richiedono il collegamento di sensori e cavi ad una trattenuta, legati, o anche unaesthetized animali. I dati ottenuti in questo modo devono essere interpretati con cautela, in quanto è ben noto che il contenimento e l&#39;anestesia può avere una grande influenza sui parametri fisiologici artefatta 1, 2. Radiotelemetry permette di dati da raccogliere da animali coscienti e untethered. Le misure possono essere condotte anche in animali di muoversi liberamente, e senza richiedere l&#39;investigatore di essere in prossimità dell&#39;animale. Così, fonti note di artefatti sono evitati, e misure accurate ed affidabili sono assicurate. Questa metodologia riduce anche la variabilità interanimal, riducendo così il numero di animali utilizzati, rendendo questa tecnologia il metodo più umano di monitoraggio dei parametri fisiologici in animali da laboratorio 3, 4. Progressi costanti nella tecnologia di acquisizione dati e la miniaturizzazione degli impianti significa che è ora possibile registrare i parametri fisiologici e attività locomotoria in modo continuo e in tempo reale su più periods come ore, giorni o addirittura settimane 3, 5. Qui, descriviamo una tecnica chirurgica per l&#39;impianto di un trasmettitore di telemetria disponibili in commercio utilizzati per misure in continuo della temperatura corporea, l&#39;attività locomotoria e biopotenziale (cioè onelead ECG), da cui la frequenza cardiaca, variabilità della frequenza cardiaca, e PQ e gli intervalli QT può essere fondata nel freeroaming, topi untethered. Siamo presenti anche pre-operatoria procedure e protocolli per la post-operatorio di terapia intensiva e terapia del dolore che migliorare il recupero, il benessere e la sopravvivenza in topi impiantati 5, 6.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice at JoVE.com

Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

Una tecnica chirurgica per l&#39;impianto di trasmettitori telemetrici disponibili in commercio utilizzati per la misura continua della biopotenziale (un ECG), frequenza cardiaca, temperatura corporea e l&#39;attività locomotoria nei topi liberamente in movimento è mostrato. Raccomandazioni e protocolli per il post-operatorio e del dolore, migliorare il recupero, il benessere e il tasso di sopravvivenza sono presentati.

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Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Metodologia per l'induzione dell'espettorato e laboratorio di lavorazione

The technique of sputum induction and processing is a recognized non-invasive method allowing the collection and analysis of cells from the airways, which ...

The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice

Il modello di pilocarpina di epilessia del lobo temporale e monitoraggio EEG utilizzando il sistema di radiotelemetria in topi

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder in adulthood. For translational studies of chronic epilepsy, pilocarpine-induced status ...