Name: implantation of radiotelemetry transmitters yielding data on ecg, heart rate, core body temperature and activity in free-moving laboratory mice
Uploaded: 2011-11-21T12:00:00
Duration: 9 min 11 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice at JoVE.com

Los autores desean agradecer a Charles River Alemania para proporcionar ratones CD-1. También queremos agradecer a Robin Schneider y el personal del laboratorio central de apoyo biológico en ratones de la vivienda. Rogamos gracias Nicholls flora por su excelente asistencia técnica y el profesor Kurt Burki para ofrecer generosamente las instalaciones de investigación y recursos.

<ol>
	<li>Cesarovic, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isoflurane+and+sevoflurane+provide+equally+effective+anesthesia+in+laboratory+mice.">Isoflurane and sevoflurane provide equally effective anesthesia in laboratory mice.</a> Lab. Anim. 44, 329-336 (2010).</li><li>Gross, V., Luft, F. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercising+restraint+in+measuring+blood+pressure+in+conscious+mice.">Exercising restraint in measuring blood pressure in conscious mice.</a> Hypertension. 41, 879-881 (2003).</li><li>Kramer, K., Kinter, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+and+applications+of+radiotelemetry+in+small+laboratory+animals.">Evaluation and applications of radiotelemetry in small laboratory animals.</a> Physiol. Genomics. 13, 197-205 (2003).</li><li>Kramer, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+telemetry+to+record+electrocardiogram+and+heart+rate+in+freely+moving+mice.">Use of telemetry to record electrocardiogram and heart rate in freely moving mice.</a> J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 30, 209-215 (1993).</li><li>Arras, M., Rettich, A., Cinelli, P., Kasermann, H. P., Burki, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+post-laparotomy+pain+in+laboratory+mice+by+telemetric+recording+of+heart+rate+and+heart+rate+variability.">Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability.</a> BMC. Vet. Res. 3, 16-16 (2007).</li><li>Schuler, B., Rettich, A., Vogel, J., Gassmann, ., Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+surgical+techniques+and+postoperative+care+improve+survival+rates+and+permit+accurate+telemetric+recording+in+exercising+mice.">Optimized surgical techniques and postoperative care improve survival rates and permit accurate telemetric recording in exercising mice.</a> BMC. Vet. Res. 5, 28-28 (2009).</li><li>Pritchett-Corning, K. R., Mulder, G. B., Luo, Y., White, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+of+Rodent+Surgery+for+the+New+Surgeon.">Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (47), e2586-e2586 (2011).</li><li>Rettich, A., Kasermann, H. P., Pelczar, P., Burki, K., Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+physiological+and+behavioral+impact+of+sensory+contact+among+unfamiliar+adult+mice+in+the+laboratory.">The physiological and behavioral impact of sensory contact among unfamiliar adult mice in the laboratory.</a> J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. 9, 277-288 (2006).</li><li>Spani, D., Arras, M., Konig, B., Rulicke, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Higher+heart+rate+of+laboratory+mice+housed+individually+vs+in+pairs.">Higher heart rate of laboratory mice housed individually vs in pairs.</a> Lab. Anim. 37, 54-62 (2003).</li><li>Zeller, A., Arras, M., Jurd, R., Rudolph, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+the+contribution+of+beta3-containing+GABAA+receptors+to+volatile+and+intravenous+general+anesthetic+actions.">Mapping the contribution of beta3-containing GABAA receptors to volatile and intravenous general anesthetic actions.</a> BMC. Pharmacol. 7, 2-2 (2007).</li><li>Zeller, A., Arras, M., Jurd, R., Rudolph, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+molecular+target+mediating+the+general+anesthetic+actions+of+pentobarbital.">Identification of a molecular target mediating the general anesthetic actions of pentobarbital.</a> Mol. Pharmacol. 71, 852-859 (2007).</li><li>Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+pain+therapy+in+laboratory+mice.">Improvement of pain therapy in laboratory mice.</a> Altex. 24, 6-8 (2007).</li></ol>

No hay conflictos de interés declarado.

Radiotelemetría es una poderosa alternativa a los métodos convencionales de medición de parámetros fisiológicos en la investigación biomédica. De alta calidad los sistemas de telemetría que consiste en implantable transmisores, receptores y de adquisición de datos y el hardware y software de análisis están disponibles en el mercado, incluso para animales tan pequeños como los ratones. Telemetría representa la única técnica disponible para la recolección de datos de restricciones, los ratones se mueven libremente. Al usar este método, ahora es posible obtener datos de forma continua y / o por períodos más largos de tiempo de los animales que residen en su propio entorno familiar, lo que reduce el estrés de los animales y la consiguiente artefactos experimentales. La forma y posición de los cables ha sido optimizado para obtener las señales, incluso durante los movimientos rápidos (por ejemplo, luchando, corriendo, luchando) o en una postura vertical 9. Por lo tanto, las mediciones precisas se pueden obtener durante los experimentos, por ejemplo, durante la anestesia, el estrés enproducción, mientras que correr en una cinta, durante los experimentos conductuales, en experimentos de infección, y muchas otras situaciones experimentales. Sin embargo, con el fin de obtener datos fiables, reproducibles y libres de artefactos, es crucial para excluir a las influencias ambientales, y prestar especial atención a la importancia de las condiciones estandarizadas. Se recomienda que la sala está aislada del ruido electrónico y acústico, incluyendo sonido ultrasónico, a la que los ratones son especialmente sensibles. Además, no se producen problemas, como visitantes o no con los procedimientos experimentales, se debe permitir la hora de realizar las mediciones. Para evitar la interferencia influencias (particularmente en el caso de las mediciones de jaula), todos los procedimientos de cría necesaria debe ser completada en el cuarto antes de comenzar cada medición. Además, la vivienda de los ratones machos, sobre todo si se utilizan en grupos o individualmente, pueden tener un impacto en las mediciones y deben ser considerados cuando se plaexperimentos nning 9. Además, los ratones deben ser sanos y libres de patógenos murinos, ya que las infecciones latentes o manifiestos, así como las enfermedades o daños a la salud, pueden tener una influencia considerable en los parámetros fisiológicos y el comportamiento de la actividad. En consecuencia, los ratones que se recuperan totalmente después de la implantación y disponer de tiempo suficiente para adaptarse a que lleva el transmisor antes de comenzar cualquier experimento. La recolección de datos por radio telemetría en ratones requiere la implantación previa quirúrgica del transmisor de telemetría. Esto debe ser realizado únicamente por personal capacitado con habilidades quirúrgicas con el fin de minimizar el trauma tisular y el dolor y la angustia posterior. Para los experimentadores la celebración de las habilidades quirúrgicas básicas o avanzadas, incluso (micro-), se recomienda llevar a cabo los primeros ensayos en cadáveres frescos del ratón usando implantes de formación (es decir, muñecos, proporcionado por el fabricante) para establecer los procedimientos y familiarizarse con los detalles de este tipode la cirugía. Después de esta formación, la mayoría de los experimentadores sería capaz de implantar este tipo de transmisores con éxito y llegue a un dominio útil después de una pocas implantaciones. Condiciones de asepsia debe mantenerse durante la cirugía para reducir la carga microbiológica y el riesgo de infecciones de bajo. Sin embargo, la esterilidad completa no puede ser proporcionada debido a algunas condiciones de esterilidad específicas, en conflicto en los ratones (por ejemplo, efecto de enfriamiento de recoger el cabello extensa y desinfección, falta de sentido práctico de vendajes para proteger las heridas). Por lo tanto, profilaxis contra la infección se administra durante la implantación. Diseñados a la medida de tratamiento analgésico y un plan de monitoreo claramente definidos, así como adecuada atención post-operatoria desempeñan un papel crucial en el resultado satisfactorio de la experiencia. En general, la implantación quirúrgica de un transmisor de telemetría en ratones será estresante para el animal. En particular, si la modificación genética en las especificacioneslíneas IFIC ratón influye en el fenotipo y menoscaba la condición de los animales del cuerpo, complicaciones en el período peri-operatorio y el aumento de las tasas de mortalidad después de la implantación podría ser un riesgo. Para evitar el sufrimiento innecesario, los individuos que exhiben recuperación insatisfactoria o convalecencia prolongada debe ser puesto en el experimento y se sacrificó antes de llegar a una fase moribunda. Para este propósito, una hoja de datos (Tabla 1: estado general de salud y la hoja de control de datos) para facilitar el seguimiento sistemático de los síntomas críticos y el asesoramiento en los puntos finales humana ha sido establecida. Por lo tanto, la recuperación está documentado en el estilo de una historia clínica o un diario de laboratorio, lo que hace que la realización de esta metodología (es decir, procedimiento de implantación y recuperación post-operatoria) transparente a las autoridades competentes y organismos responsables del bienestar animal para la experimentación animal (por ejemplo, IACUC).

Corrections in the Protocol and Discussion sections have been made to: Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice
Step 1.2 in the Protocol has been updated from:
1.2 Hair clipping at one day prior to surgery
The day prior to implantation, in order to shave the animals for surgery, mice are anesthetized briefly in a small (8x8x8cm) Perspex chamber using sevoflurane (8%) or isoflurane (5%) in pure oxygen (600 mL/min). After loss of the righting reflex, the mouse is taken out of the chamber and the anterior neck and abdominal hair is clipped with the animal lying in dorsal recumbence; anesthesia is maintained for approximately 5 minutes with a nose mask with sevoflurane 3-4% or isoflurane 1.5-3% in pure oxygen at a flow rate of 600 mL/min. After clipping the hair, the animals are allowed to awaken and are then brought back to their home cage.
to:
After the last health check or directly prior surgery, in order to shave the animals for surgery, mice are anesthetized briefly in a small (8x8x8cm) Perspex chamber using sevoflurane (8%) or isoflurane (5%) in pure oxygen (600 mL/min). Shaving the animals one day before surgery prevents hair stubbles in the operating field. After loss of the righting reflex, the mouse is taken out of the chamber and the anterior neck and abdominal hair is clipped with the animal lying in dorsal recumbence; anesthesia is maintained for approximately 5 minutes with a nose mask with sevoflurane 3-4% or isoflurane 1.5-3% in pure oxygen at a flow rate of 600 mL/min. After clipping the hair, the animals are allowed to awaken and are then brought back to their home cage.
Step 2.3 in the Protocol has been updated from:
2.3 Surgery
The skin of the anterior neck and abdominal region is disinfected with 70% ethanol. A 1- to 1.5-cm-long incision in the skin is made from the lower thorax along the midline to the abdomen. The negative (white/colourless) lead is tunnelled subcutaneously from the thorax to the neck, where a small incision (&#8804;0.5 cm) is made in the longitudinal direction. The skin and underlying tissues are prepared to make space for the fixation of the wire loop of the electrode. The wire loop is fixed between the muscles located to the right of the trachea, using two thin silk sutures (PERMA-Handseide, 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). The wound in the neck is then closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in layers. The abdominal wall is then opened at the linea alba and the body of the telemetric transmitter is placed into the abdominal cavity of the mouse. The wire loop of the positive (red) electrode is sutured to the xiphoid process with silk sutures in such a way that it lies between the liver and the diaphragm in the left upper abdominal region (Figure 2). Then, the muscle layers of the abdominal region are closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). Before finally closing the abdominal wall, a mixture of Sulfadoxin and Trimethoprim [(30 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively; dissolved in 1 mL of saline (0.9%) and at approximately body temperature (38-39&#176;C)] is injected into the abdominal cavity for the purposes of anti-infective prophylaxis and to support fluid homeostasis. Finally, the skin of the abdominal region is restored with staples (Precise, 3 M Health Care, St. Paul, MN, USA).
to:
2.3 Surgery
The skin of the anterior neck and abdominal region is disinfected for 5 minutes with 70% ethanol, chlorhexidine or iodine using a soaked cotton swab. A 1- to 1.5-cm-long incision in the skin is made from the lower thorax along the midline to the abdomen. The negative (white/colourless) lead is tunnelled subcutaneously from the thorax to the neck, where a small incision (&#8804;0.5 cm) is made in the longitudinal direction. The skin and underlying tissues are prepared to make space for the fixation of the wire loop of the electrode. The wire loop is fixed between the muscles located to the right of the trachea, using two thin silk sutures (PERMA-Handseide, 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). The wound in the neck is then closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in layers. The abdominal wall is then opened at the linea alba and the body of the telemetric transmitter is placed into the abdominal cavity of the mouse. The wire loop of the positive (red) electrode is sutured to the xiphoid process with silk sutures in such a way that it lies between the liver and the diaphragm in the left upper abdominal region (Figure 2). Then, the muscle layers of the abdominal region are closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). Before finally closing the abdominal wall, a mixture of Sulfadoxin and Trimethoprim [(30 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively; dissolved in 1 mL of saline (0.9%) and at approximately body temperature (38-39&#176;C)] is injected into the abdominal cavity for the purposes of anti-infective prophylaxis and to support fluid homeostasis. Finally, the skin of the abdominal region is restored with staples (Precise, 3 M Health Care, St. Paul, MN, USA) or intracutaneous, running, absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany).

Step 3 in the Protocol has been updated from:
3. Post-operative care
After completion of surgery and anesthesia, 0.1 mg/kg of buprenorphine (Temgesic, Essex Chemie AG, Lucerne, Switzerland) and 5 mg/kg of meloxicam (Metacam, Boehringer Ingelheim, Basel, Switzerland) is administered subcutaneously for pain treatment, and the animals are left on the warm (39&#176;C +/-1) surface of the work bench to recover for approximately 2h. Together with pain relief (twice daily: buprenorphine, 0.1 mg/kg and meloxicam 5 mg/kg), supportive therapy consisting of 300 &#956;L glucose (5%) and 300 &#956;L saline (0.9%) warmed to body temperature, is applied subcutaneously twice daily for 4 days. For further recovery support, it is worthwhile providing the animals with an additional drinking bottle containing 15% glucose solution During the recovery period of 4-10 days, it is recommended that the animals are kept warm. Therefore, in our case, the mice are housed in a warming cabinet (30&#176;C +/- 1). Monitoring of general condition and body weight, as well as food and water consumption, is performed once daily according to the general condition and health monitoring data sheet (Table 1) for 10 days post-operatively. Humane endpoints, i.e. the sacrifice of an animal to avoid unnecessary suffering and pain if progression of recovery is unsatisfactory, are realised under the following conditions:
i. If in poor general condition, i.e. the animal is substantially apathetic (no movement after being touched/pushed) and its body surface feels cold despite warming, the animal should be euthanatized immediately
ii. If, on day 4 after transmitter implantation, the animal shows clear signs of apathy, is extremely aggressive or does not show any food intake, it should be euthanatized immediately.
iii. On day 8 after transmitter implantation, the animal has to display a clear increase in body weight in comparison to the preceding post-operative days. Moreover, it has to consume at least 80% of the pre-operative daily food intake. If one of these conditions is not met, the animal should be euthanatized immediately.
At 10 days after implantation, the animal is transferred back to the animal room under standard housing conditions. Mice should be housed in compatible groups to allow social interaction and to prevent the adverse effects of long-term individual housing, which can have substantial impacts on the read-out of subsequent experiments8, 9. Mice should have a period of at least 4 weeks convalescence after transmitter implantation before the first experiment is conducted and data acquisition begins.
to:
After completion of surgery and anesthesia, 0.1 mg/kg of buprenorphine (Temgesic, Essex Chemie AG, Lucerne, Switzerland) and 5 mg/kg of meloxicam (Metacam, Boehringer Ingelheim, Basel, Switzerland) is administered subcutaneously for pain treatment, and the animals are left on the warm (39&#176;C +/-1) surface of the work bench to recover for approximately 2h. Together with pain relief (twice daily: buprenorphine, 0.1 mg/kg and meloxicam 5 mg/kg), supportive therapy consisting of 300 &#956;L glucose (5%) and 300 &#956;L saline (0.9%) warmed to body temperature, is injected subcutaneously twice daily for 4 days. For further recovery support, it is worthwhile providing the animals with an additional drinking bottle containing 15% glucose solution During the recovery period of 4-10 days, it is recommended that the animals are kept warm. Therefore, in our case, the mice are housed in a warming cabinet (30&#176;C +/- 1). Monitoring of general condition and body weight, as well as food and water consumption, is performed once daily according to the general condition and health monitoring data sheet (Table 1) for 10 days post-operatively. Humane endpoints, i.e. the sacrifice of an animal to avoid unnecessary suffering and pain if progression of recovery is unsatisfactory, are realised under the following conditions:
i. If in poor general condition, i.e. the animal is substantially apathetic (no movement after being touched/pushed) and its body surface feels cold despite warming, the animal should be euthanatized immediately
ii. If, on day 4 after transmitter implantation, the animal shows clear signs of apathy, is extremely aggressive or does not show any food intake, it should be euthanatized immediately.
iii. On day 8 after transmitter implantation, the animal has to display a clear increase in body weight in comparison to the preceding post-operative days. Moreover, it has to consume at least 80% of the pre-operative daily food intake. If one of these conditions is not met, the animal should be euthanatized immediately.
At 10 days after implantation, the animal is transferred back to the animal room under standard housing conditions. In case staples have been used, these should be removed 7-10 days after surgery; absorbable sutures have not to be removed. Mice should be housed in compatible groups to allow social interaction and to prevent the adverse effects of long-term individual housing, which can have substantial impacts on the read-out of subsequent experiments8, 9. Mice should have a period of at least 4 weeks convalescence after transmitter implantation before the first experiment is conducted and data acquisition begins.
The 4th paragraph in the Discussion has been updated from:
Aseptic conditions should be maintained during surgery to keep the microbiological burden and the risk of infections low. However, complete sterility cannot be provided because of some specific, sterility conflicting conditions in mice (e.g., cooling effect of extensive hair clipping and disinfection, impracticality of bandages to protect the wounds). Thus, anti-infective prophylaxis is administered during the implantation. Well tailored analgesic treatment and a clearly defined monitoring plan as well as adequate post-operative care play a crucial role in the satisfactory outcome of the experiment.
to:
Aseptic conditions should be maintained during surgery to keep the microbiological burden and the risk of infections low. However, if there are doubts that asepsis was breached because of some specific, sterility conflicting conditions in mice (e.g., cooling effect of extensive hair clipping and disinfection, impracticality of bandages to protect the wounds). Anti-infective prophylaxis should be administered during the implantation. Well-tailored analgesic treatment and a clearly defined monitoring plan as well as adequate post-operative care play a crucial role in the satisfactory outcome of the experiment.

Corrections in the Protocol and Discussion sections have been made to: Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

Erratum: Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

implantation of radiotelemetry transmitters yielding data on ecg, heart rate, core body temperature and activity in free-moving laboratory mice

El ratón de laboratorio es la especie animal de elección para la mayoría de la investigación biomédica, tanto en el ámbito académico y la industria farmacéutica. Los ratones son de un tamaño manejable y relativamente fácil en casa. Estos factores, junto con la disponibilidad de una gran cantidad de mutantes espontáneos e inducidos experimentalmente, que los ratones de laboratorio ideal para una amplia variedad de áreas de investigación. En la investigación cardiovascular, farmacológicos y toxicológicos, la medición precisa de los parámetros relacionados con el sistema circulatorio de animales de laboratorio a menudo se requiere. Determinación de la frecuencia cardiaca, la variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco, y la duración de los intervalos QT y PQ se basan en el electrocardiograma (ECG). Sin embargo, la obtención de curvas de ECG fiables, así como los datos fisiológicos tales como la temperatura corporal en ratones puede ser difícil con las técnicas convencionales de medición, que requieren la conexión de sensores y cables atados a un restringido, o incluso unaaesthetized animales. Los datos obtenidos de esta manera deben ser interpretados con cautela, ya que es bien sabido que la restricción y la anestesia puede tener una gran influencia de artefactos en los parámetros fisiológicos de 1, 2. Radiotelemetría permite que los datos se recogerán de animales conscientes y sin ataduras. Las medidas pueden llevarse a cabo incluso en los animales se mueven libremente, y sin que el investigador como en la proximidad de los animales. Por lo tanto, las fuentes conocidas de artefactos pueden ser evitados, y las mediciones precisas y confiables son seguros. Esta metodología también se reduce la variabilidad interanimal, reduciendo así el número de animales utilizados, lo que hace esta tecnología es el método más humano de monitoreo de parámetros fisiológicos en animales de laboratorio, 3, 4. Los avances constantes en la tecnología de adquisición de datos y la miniaturización implante significa que ahora es posible grabar los parámetros fisiológicos y la actividad locomotora de forma continua y en tiempo real a más largo periods tales como las horas, días o incluso semanas 3, 5. Aquí se describe una técnica quirúrgica para la implantación de un transmisor de telemetría disponible comercialmente utilizados para la medición continua de la temperatura corporal, la actividad locomotora y biopotencial (es decir, onelead ECG), de los cuales la frecuencia cardiaca, la variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco, y PQ y los intervalos QT puede ser establecido en ratones freeroaming, sin ataduras. También se presentan antes de la operación procedimientos y protocolos para el post-operatorio de cuidados intensivos y el tratamiento del dolor para mejorar la recuperación, el bienestar y la supervivencia en ratones implantados 5, 6.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice at JoVE.com

Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

Una técnica quirúrgica para la implantación de los transmisores de telemetría disponible comercialmente utilizados para la medición continua de biopotencial (un ECG), frecuencia cardiaca, temperatura corporal y la actividad locomotora en ratones libres de movimiento se muestra. Recomendaciones y protocolos para la atención post-operatoria y el alivio del dolor, mejorar la recuperación, el bienestar y la tasa de supervivencia se presentan también.

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The technique of sputum induction and processing is a recognized non-invasive method allowing the collection and analysis of cells from the airways, which ...

The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice

El modelo de pilocarpina de epilepsia del lóbulo Temporal y EEG monitoreo con radiotelemetría sistema en ratones

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder in adulthood. For translational studies of chronic epilepsy, pilocarpine-induced status ...