Name: using affordable led arrays for photo-stimulation of neurons
Uploaded: 2011-11-15T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av livsforsikringsselskap &quot;Ag2r-La-Mondiale,&quot; Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris (ENP), den Agence Nationale de la Recherche &quot;ANR-09-NEUR-004&quot; i rammen av &quot;ERA-NET Neuron &quot;av FP7 program av Europakommisjonen, og Pasteur Foundation. Sebastien Wagner ble støttet av Letten Foundation.

1. Optisk Kalibrering: Måle LED Strøm <ol><li> Fest en LED array til en heatsink aktivt avkjølt med en vifte og påføre denne LED / heatsink aparatus til en collimating linse. </li><li> Skift lampe som brukes i lysfelt belysning med LED / heatsink / vifte / objektiv apparater. Dette apparatet må være nøye plasseres slik at collimated LED bjelke reiser langs en rett optisk bane mot kondensatoren linsen. Kontroller at heatsink / fan er skikkelig jordet til systemets felles plattform. </li><li> Kjør LED array med...

<ol>
	<li>Nissant, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+neurogenesis+promotes+synaptic+plasticity+in+the+olfactory+bulb.">Adult neurogenesis promotes synaptic plasticity in the olfactory bulb.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 12, 728-730 (2009).</li><li>Apicella, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pyramidal+Cells+in+Piriform+Cortex+Receive+Convergent+Input+from+Distinct+Olfactory+Bulb+Glomeruli.">Pyramidal Cells in Piriform Cortex Receive Convergent Input from Distinct Olfactory Bulb Glomeruli.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 30, 14255-14260 (2010).</li><li>Boyden, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=genetically+targeted+optical+control+of+neural+activity.">genetically targeted optical control of neural activity.</a> Nature. 8, 1263-1263 (2005).</li><li>Bardy, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=where+new+inhibitory+neurons+release+neurotransmitters+in+the+adult+olfactory+bulb.">where new inhibitory neurons release neurotransmitters in the adult olfactory bulb.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 30, 17023-17034 (2010).</li><li>Grubb, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+maturation+of+the+first+synapse+in+olfaction:+development+and+adult+neurogenesis.">Functional maturation of the first synapse in olfaction: development and adult neurogenesis.</a> The Journal of neuroscience. 28, 2919-2932 (2008).</li><li>Zhang, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circuit-breakers:+optical+technologies+for+probing+neural+signals+and+systems.">Circuit-breakers: optical technologies for probing neural signals and systems.</a> Nature reviews. Neuroscience. 8, 577-581 (2007).</li><li>Grossman, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-site+optical+excitation+using+ChR2+and+micro-LED+array.">Multi-site optical excitation using ChR2 and micro-LED array.</a> Journal of neural engineering. 7, 16004-16004 (2010).</li><li>Dhawale, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-redundant+odor+coding+by+sister+mitral+cells+revealed+by+light+addressable+glomeruli+in+the+mouse.">Non-redundant odor coding by sister mitral cells revealed by light addressable glomeruli in the mouse.</a> Nature neuroscience. 13, 1404-1412 (2010).</li><li>Weick, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+control+of+transplantable+human+ESC-derived+neurons+via+optogenetic+targeting.">Functional control of transplantable human ESC-derived neurons via optogenetic targeting.</a> Stem cells. 28, 2008-2016 (2010).</li><li>Toni, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurons+born+in+the+adult+dentate+gyrus+form+functional+synapses+with+target+cells.">Neurons born in the adult dentate gyrus form functional synapses with target cells.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 11, 901-907 (2008).</li><li>Grubb, M. S., Burrone, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Channelrhodopsin-2+Localised+to+the+Axon+Initial+Segment.">Channelrhodopsin-2 Localised to the Axon Initial Segment.</a> PLoS ONE. 5, e13761-e13761 .</li><li>Tye, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amygdala+circuitry+mediating+reversible+and+bidirectional+control+of+anxiety.">Amygdala circuitry mediating reversible and bidirectional control of anxiety.</a> Nature. 471, 358-362 (2011).</li></ol>

Siste årene har sett en eksplosjon i populariteten av optogenetic verktøy for Neuroscience forskning seks. Som et resultat, er det stadig viktigere å senke barrieren for oppføring av laboratorier som ønsker å begynne å bruke disse nye verktøyene. Her vil vi beskrive hvordan å gjennomføre en enkel og lavpris ettermontering og kalibrering av en konvensjonell patch-clamp rigg, slik at den kan gjøre full-felt optisk stimulering av channelrhodopsin-uttrykke nevroner. Spesielt bruker vi denne teknikken t...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Material</td>
			<td>Type</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue No.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>100 mg/ml</td>
			<td>Imalg&egrave;ne 1000</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>2%</td>
			<td>Rompun</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>&nbps;</td>
			<td>Sigma </td>
			<td>S5886</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Sigma </td>
			<td>P5405</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgSO4</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Sigma </td>
			<td>M1880</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Sigma </td>
			<td>S5761</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHPO4</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Sigma </td>
			<td>S5011</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Sigma </td>
			<td>G7021</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Sigma </td>
			<td>C7902</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Sigma </td>
			<td>A9539</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipette Puller</td>
			<td>P-97</td>
			<td>Sutter</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Capillaries</td>
			<td>1.5 mm O.D./1.17 mm I.D.</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>GC150T-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LED array</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Bridgelux</td>
			<td>BXRA-C2000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collimating lens</td>
			<td>40 mm beam diameter</td>
			<td>Thor Labs</td>
			<td>LEDC1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power supply</td>
			<td>2.8 amp</td>
			<td>A1W Electronik</td>
			<td>HKO2800</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical power meter</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Thor Labs</td>
			<td>PM 100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heatsink </td>
			<td>Silent Boost K8</td>
			<td>Thermaltake</td>
			<td>A1838</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fan</td>
			<td>Silent Boost K8</td>
			<td>Thermaltake</td>
			<td>A1838</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vibratome</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>VT1200S</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using affordable led arrays for photo-stimulation of neurons

Standard slice elektrofysiologi har tillatt forskere å undersøke enkelte komponentene i nevrale kretser ved å registrere elektriske reaksjoner fra enkeltceller i respons til elektriske eller farmakologisk manipulasjoner 1,2. Med oppfinnelsen av metoder for å optisk kontroll genetisk målrettede nevroner (optogenetics), forskere har nå en enestående grad av kontroll over bestemte grupper av nerveceller i standard skive forberedelse. Spesielt lar lysfølsomme channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) forskere for å aktivere nervecellene med lys 3,4. Ved å kombinere nøye kalibrering av LED-baserte photostimulation av ChR2 med standard slice elektrofysiologi, er vi i stand til å sondere med nærmere rollen som voksen født interneurons i luktelappen, den første sentrale stafett av luktesans. Ved hjelp av viral uttrykk for ChR2-YFP spesielt i voksen-født nevroner, kan vi selektivt styre ung voksen-født nevroner i et miljø av eldre end modne nerveceller. Våre optisk kontroll bruker en enkel og rimelig LED system, og vi viser hvordan dette systemet kan kalibreres til å forstå hvor mye lys som er nødvendig for å fremkalle spiking aktivitet i single nevroner. Derfor kan korte glimt av blått lys fjernstyre avfyring mønster av ChR2-transduced nyfødte celler.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons at JoVE.com

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

Voksen-fødte nevroner uttrykke ChR2 kan manipuleres i skive elektrofysiologiske forberedelser for å undersøke deres bidrag til funksjon olfactory nevrale kretser.

Bruk Rimelig LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulering av nerveceller

Standard slice electrophysiology has allowed researchers to probe individual components of neural circuitry by recording electrical responses of single ...

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