Name: metabolic pathway confirmation and discovery through 13c-labeling of proteinogenic amino acids
Uploaded: 2012-01-26T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids at JoVE.com

Это исследование было поддержано Карьера NSF Grant (MCB0954016) и биоэнергетики DOE исследовательских грантов (DEFG0208ER64694).

1. Клеточные культуры (рис. 1) <ol><li> Рост клеток в минимальной среде с микроэлементами, солями, витаминами, и, в частности меченый углерод субстраты, которые лучше всего подходят для пути расследования. Используйте либо встряхивания колб или биореакторы для клеточной культуры. Органичес?...

<ol>
	<li>Zamboni, N., Sauer, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+biological+insights+through+metabolomics+and+13C-flux+analysis.">Novel biological insights through metabolomics and 13C-flux analysis.</a> Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 12, 553-558 (2009).</li><li>Tang, Y. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+analysis+of+microbial+metabolic+fluxes+via+13C+isotopic+labeling.">Advances in analysis of microbial metabolic fluxes via 13C isotopic labeling.</a> Mass. Spectrom. Rev. 28, 362-375 (2009).</li><li>Tang, Y. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Investigation+of+carbon+metabolism+in+Dehalococcoides+ethenogenes+strain+195+via+isotopic+and+transcriptomic+analysisa.">Investigation of carbon metabolism in Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195 via isotopic and transcriptomic analysisa.</a> J. Bacteriol. 191, 5224-5231 (2009).</li><li>Tang, Y. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathway+confirmation+and+flux+analysis+of+central+metabolic+pathways+in+Desulfovibrio+vulgaris+Hildenborough+using+GC-MS+and+FT-ICR+mass+spectrometry.">Pathway confirmation and flux analysis of central metabolic pathways in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough using GC-MS and FT-ICR mass spectrometry.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 189, 940-949 (2007).</li><li>Dauner, M., Sauer, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GC-MS+analysis+of+amino+acids+rapidly+provides+rich+information+for+isotopomer+balancing.">GC-MS analysis of amino acids rapidly provides rich information for isotopomer balancing.</a> Biotechnology Progress. 16, 642-649 (2000).</li><li>Wittmann, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluxome+analysis+using+GC-MS.">Fluxome analysis using GC-MS.</a> Microbial Cell Factories. 6, 6-6 (2007).</li><li>Antoniewicz, M. R., Kelleher, J. K., Stephanopoulos, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accurate+assessment+of+amino+acid+mass+isotopomer+distributions+for+metabolic+flux+analysis.">Accurate assessment of amino acid mass isotopomer distributions for metabolic flux analysis.</a> Anal. Chem. 79, 7554-7559 (2007).</li><li>Wahl, S. A., Dauner, M., Wiechert, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+tools+for+mass+isotopomer+data+evaluation+in+13C+flux+analysis:+mass+isotope+correction,+data+consistency+checking,+and+precursor+relationships.">New tools for mass isotopomer data evaluation in 13C flux analysis: mass isotope correction, data consistency checking, and precursor relationships.</a> Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 85, 259-268 (2004).</li><li>Shaikh, A., Tang, Y. J., Mukhopadhyay, A., Keasling, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isotopomer+distributions+in+amino+acids+from+a+highly+expressed+protein+as+a+proxy+for+those+from+total+protein.">Isotopomer distributions in amino acids from a highly expressed protein as a proxy for those from total protein.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 80, 886-890 (2008).</li><li>Tang, K. -. H., Feng, X., Tang, Y. J., Blankenship, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbohydrate+metabolism+and+carbon+fixation+in+Roseobacter+denitrificans+OCh114.">Carbohydrate metabolism and carbon fixation in Roseobacter denitrificans OCh114.</a> PLoS One. 4, e7233-e7233 (2009).</li><li>Tang, K. -. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbon+flow+of+Heliobacterium+modesticaldum+is+more+related+to+Firmicutes+than+to+the+green+sulfur+bacteria.">Carbon flow of Heliobacterium modesticaldum is more related to Firmicutes than to the green sulfur bacteria.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 285, 35104-35112 (2010).</li><li>Feng, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+the+Central+Metabolic+Pathways+in+Thermoanaerobacter+sp.+X514+via+Isotopomer-Assisted+Metabolite+Analysis.">Characterization of the Central Metabolic Pathways in Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514 via Isotopomer-Assisted Metabolite Analysis.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75, 5001-5008 (2009).</li><li>Feng, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mixotrophic+and+photoheterotrophic+metabolisms+in+Cyanothece+sp.+ATCC+51142+under+continuous+light.">Mixotrophic and photoheterotrophic metabolisms in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 under continuous light.</a> Microbiology. 156, 2566-2574 (2010).</li><li>Tang, Y. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flux+analysis+of+central+metabolic+pathways+in+Geobacter+metallireducens+during+reduction+of+soluble+Fe(III)-NTA.">Flux analysis of central metabolic pathways in Geobacter metallireducens during reduction of soluble Fe(III)-NTA.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 3859-3864 (2007).</li><li>Tang, Y. J., Meadows, A. L., Kirby, J., Keasling, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anaerobic+central+metabolic+pathways+in+Shewanella+oneidensis+MR-1+reinterpreted+in+the+light+of+isotopic+metabolite+labeling.">Anaerobic central metabolic pathways in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 reinterpreted in the light of isotopic metabolite labeling.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 189, 894-901 (2007).</li><li>Zhuang, W. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+utilization+of+exogenous+amino+acids+by+Dehalococcoides+ethenogenes+strain+195+and+the+enhancement+resulted+to+dechloronation+activity.">Selective utilization of exogenous amino acids by Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195 and the enhancement resulted to dechloronation activity.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , (2011).</li><li>Feng, X., Tang, K. -. H., Blankenship, R. E., Tang, Y. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+flux+analysis+of+the+mixotrophic+metabolisms+in+the+green+sulfur+bacterium+Chlorobaculum+tepidum.">Metabolic flux analysis of the mixotrophic metabolisms in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 285, 35104-35112 (2010).</li><li>McKinlay, J. B., Harwood, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbon+dioxide+fixation+as+a+central+redox+cofactor+recycling+mechanism+in+bacteria.">Carbon dioxide fixation as a central redox cofactor recycling mechanism in bacteria.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, (2010).</li><li>McKinlay, J. B., Harwood, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calvin+cycle+flux,+pathway+constraints,+and+substrate+oxidation+state+together+determine+the+H2+biofuel+yield+in+photoheterotrophic+bacteria.">Calvin cycle flux, pathway constraints, and substrate oxidation state together determine the H2 biofuel yield in photoheterotrophic bacteria.</a> MBio. 2, (2011).</li><li>Erb, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+C5-dicarboxylic+acids+from+C2-units+involving+crotonyl-CoA+carboxylase/reductase:+The+ethylmalonyl-CoA+pathway.">Synthesis of C5-dicarboxylic acids from C2-units involving crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase: The ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway.</a> PNAS. 104, 10631-10636 (2007).</li><li>Wu, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alternative+isoleucine+synthesis+pathway+in+cyanobacterial+species.">Alternative isoleucine synthesis pathway in cyanobacterial species.</a> Microbiology. 156, 596-602 (2010).</li><li>Reddy, K. J., Haskell, J. B., Sherman, D. M., Sherman, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unicellular,+aerobic+nitrogen-ï¬xing+cyanobacteria+of+the+genus+Cyanothece.">Unicellular, aerobic nitrogen-ï¬xing cyanobacteria of the genus Cyanothece.</a> J. Bacteriol. 175, 1284-1292 (1993).</li><li>Shastri, A. A., Morgan, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+transient+isotopic+labeling+methodology+for+13C+metabolic+flux+analysis+of+photoautotrophic+microorganisms.">A transient isotopic labeling methodology for 13C metabolic flux analysis of photoautotrophic microorganisms.</a> Phytochemistry. 68, 2302-2312 (2007).</li><li>Tang, Y. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invariability+of+central+metabolic+flux+distribution+in+Shewanella+oneidensis+MR-1+under+environmental+or+genetic+perturbations.">Invariability of central metabolic flux distribution in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 under environmental or genetic perturbations.</a> Biotechnol Prog. 25, 1254-1259 (2009).</li><li>Zamboni, N., Fendt, S. M., Ruhl, M., Sauer, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=13C-based+metabolic+flux+analysis.">13C-based metabolic flux analysis.</a> Nature Protocols. 4, 878-892 (2009).</li></ol>

Этот протокол состоит из кормления ячейки с меченого субстрата и измерения в результате изотопного шаблонов маркировки в аминокислоты с помощью ГХ-МС. Поскольку MS данные (т / г соотношениях) дают только общее количество маркировки ионов MS, мы должны оценить isotopomer распределения аминоки?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th> Название реагента </th><th> Компания </th><th> Номер по каталогу </th><th> Комментарии (необязательно) </th></tr><tr><td> TBDMS </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> 19915 </td><td> - </td></tr><tr><td> ТГФ </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> 34865 </td><td> - </td></tr><tr><td> Меченый углерод подложки </td><td> Изотопный Кембридже лаборатории </td><td> В зависимости от экспериментальной требование </td><td> Сайт: <a href="http://www.isotope.com">http://www.isotope.com</a> </td></tr><tr><td> Газовый хроматограф </td><td> Компания Agilent Technologies </td><td> Hewlett-Packard, модель 7890A </td><td> - </td></tr><tr><td> GC Столбцы </td><td> J &amp; W Научные, Фолсом, Калифорния </td><td> DB5 (30м) </td><td> - </td></tr><tr><td> Масс-спектрометра </td><td> Компания Agilent Technologies </td><td> 5975C </td><td> - </td></tr><tr><td> Реакционном Vap Evaporратора </td><td> Thermo Scientific </td><td> TS-18825 </td><td> Для сушки аминокислоты образцы кислоты </td></tr></tbody></table>

metabolic pathway confirmation and discovery through 13c-labeling of proteinogenic amino acids

Microbes have complex metabolic pathways that can be investigated using biochemistry and functional genomics methods. One important technique to examine cell central metabolism and discover new enzymes is 13C-assisted metabolism analysis 1. This technique is based on isotopic labeling, whereby microbes are fed with a 13C labeled substrates. By tracing the atom transition paths between metabolites in the biochemical network, we can determine functional pathways and discover new enzymes. 
As a complementary method to transcriptomics and proteomics, approaches for isotopomer-assisted analysis of metabolic pathways contain three major steps 2. First, we grow cells with 13C labeled substrates. In this step, the composition of the medium and the selection of labeled substrates are two key factors. To avoid measurement noises from non-labeled carbon in nutrient supplements, a minimal medium with a sole carbon source is required. Further, the choice of a labeled substrate is based on how effectively it will elucidate the pathway being analyzed. Because novel enzymes often involve different reaction stereochemistry or intermediate products, in general, singly labeled carbon substrates are more informative for detection of novel pathways than uniformly labeled ones for detection of novel pathways3, 4. Second, we analyze amino acid labeling patterns using GC-MS. Amino acids are abundant in protein and thus can be obtained from biomass hydrolysis. Amino acids can be derivatized by N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (TBDMS) before GC separation. TBDMS derivatized amino acids can be fragmented by MS and result in different arrays of fragments. Based on the mass to charge (m/z) ratio of fragmented and unfragmented amino acids, we can deduce the possible labeled patterns of the central metabolites that are precursors of the amino acids. Third, we trace 13C carbon transitions in the proposed pathways and, based on the isotopomer data, confirm whether these pathways are active 2. Measurement of amino acids provides isotopic labeling information about eight crucial precursor metabolites in the central metabolism. These metabolic key nodes can reflect the functions of associated central pathways.
13C-assisted metabolism analysis via proteinogenic amino acids can be widely used for functional characterization of poorly-characterized microbial metabolism1. In this protocol, we will use Cyanothece 51142 as the model strain to demonstrate the use of labeled carbon substrates for discovering new enzymatic functions.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids at JoVE.com

Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids

13 С-изотопом маркировки полезным методом для определения ячейки центрального метаболизма для различных видов микроорганизмов. После клетки были культивировали с конкретными меченого субстрата, GC-MS измерение может выявить функциональные процессы обмена веществ на основе уникальных моделей маркировки в протеиногенных аминокислот.

Метаболический Подтверждение пути и Discovery Через 13 C-маркировки протеиногенных Аминокислоты

Microbes have complex metabolic pathways that can be investigated using biochemistry and functional genomics methods. One important technique to examine ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids

Using the GELFREE 8100 Fractionation System for Molecular Weight-Based Fractionation with Liquid Phase Recovery

Использование GELFREE 8100 Фракционирование Система Молекулярный вес основе фракционирования с жидким этапе восстановления

The GELFREE 8100 Fractionation System is a novel protein fractionation system designed to maximize protein recovery during molecular weight based ...

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure

Один шаг метаболомики: углеводы, органические и аминокислоты количественно в одну процедуру

Every infant born in the US is now screened for up to 42 rare genetic disorders called "inborn errors of metabolism". The screening method is based on ...

NanoDrop Microvolume Quantitation of Nucleic Acids

NanoDrop микрообъеме Количественное определение нуклеиновых кислот

Biomolecular assays are continually being developed that use progressively smaller amounts of material, often precluding the use of conventional ...

Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos

Метаболический Анализ профиля эмбрионов данио рерио

A growing goal in the field of metabolism is to determine the impact of genetics on different aspects of mitochondrial function. Understanding these ...

Measurement of Metabolic Rate in Drosophila using Respirometry

Measurement of Metabolic Rate in Drosophila using Respirometry

Измерение скорости обмена веществ в<em&gt; Дрозофилы</em&gt; С помощью респирометрии

Metabolic disorders are a frequent problem affecting human health. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate metabolism is a crucial ...

Growth-based Determination and Biochemical Confirmation of Genetic Requirements for Protein Degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Growth-based Determination and Biochemical Confirmation of Genetic Requirements for Protein Degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Определение на основе экономического роста и биохимическая Подтверждение генетическим требованиям белка деградации в<em&gt; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</em

Regulated protein degradation is crucial for virtually every cellular function. Much of what is known about the molecular mechanisms and genetic ...

Development of Inhibitors of Protein-protein Interactions through REPLACE: Application to the Design and Development Non-ATP Competitive CDK Inhibitors

Разработка ингибиторов белок-белковых взаимодействий через REPLACE: Приложение к проектированию и развитию Номера ATP Конкурсная CDK ингибиторов

REPLACE is a unique strategy developed to more effectively target protein-protein interactions (PPIs). It aims to expand available drug target space by ...

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Остаток конкретных Включение неканонических аминокислот в модельных белков с использованием<em&gt; Кишечная палочка</em&gt; Бесклеточной системы транскрипции-трансляции

The canonical set of amino acids leads to an exceptionally wide range of protein functionality. Nevertheless, the set of residues still imposes ...

Filtration Isolation of Nucleic Acids:  A Simple and Rapid DNA Extraction Method

Фильтрация Выделение нуклеиновых кислот: Простой и быстрый ДНК Метод экстракции

FINA, filtration isolation of nucleic acids, is a novel extraction method which utilizes vertical filtration via a separation membrane and absorbent pad ...

Mixed Primary Cultures of Murine Small Intestine Intended for the Study of Gut Hormone Secretion and Live Cell Imaging of Enteroendocrine Cells

Смешанные первичные культуры мышиных тонкой кишки, предназначенные для изучения Gut Гормон Секреции и живых изображений клеток из клеток энтероэндокринных

The gut is the largest endocrine organ of the body, with hormone-secreting enteroendocrine cells located along the length of the gastrointestinal ...