Name: the mouse forced swim test
Uploaded: 2012-01-29T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Mouse Forced Swim Test at JoVE.com

Diese Studie wurde von der Gewährung Nihm R01 und R21 MH091816 MH084043 TDG unterstützt.

1. Materialien und Methode 1.1. Die Wassertanks Der zylindrische Tanks (30 cm Höhe x 20 cm Durchmesser) für die Maus Forced Swim Test (FST) in unserem Labor erforderlich sind, aus transparentem Plexiglas gebaut, da dieses Material in der Lage, die häufige Bewegung des Tanks und Unfälle besser als Glas widerstehen. Der Wasserstand ist 15 cm aus dem Boden und sollte auf dem Tank, um sicherzustellen, dass das Volumen des Wassers konsistent Mäusen markiert werden. Di...

<ol>
	<li>Hasco&#233;t, M., Bourin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> In Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice. 42, 85-118 (2009).</li><li>Sunal, R., G&#252;m&#252;&#231;el, a. B., Kayaalp, S. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+changes+in+swimming+area+on+results+of+"behavioral+despair+test".">Effect of changes in swimming area on results of "behavioral despair test".</a> Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 49, 891-896 (1994).</li><li>Petit-Demouliere, B., Chenu, F., Bourin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Forced+swimming+test+in+mice:+a+review+of+antidepressant+activity.">Forced swimming test in mice: a review of antidepressant activity.</a> Psychopharmacology. (Berl). 177, 245-255 (2005).</li><li>Cryan, J. F., Markou, A., Lucki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+antidepressant+activity+in+rodents:+recent+developments+and+future+needs.">Assessing antidepressant activity in rodents: recent developments and future needs.</a> Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 23, 238-245 (2002).</li><li>Can, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antidepressant-like+responses+to+lithium+in+genetically+diverse+mouse+strains.">Antidepressant-like responses to lithium in genetically diverse mouse strains.</a> Genes, Brain and Behavior. 10, 434-443 (2011).</li><li>Lucki, I., Dalvi, A., Mayorga, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensitivity+to+the+effects+of+pharmacologically+selective+antidepressants+in+different+strains+of+mice.">Sensitivity to the effects of pharmacologically selective antidepressants in different strains of mice.</a> Psychopharmacology. (Berl). 155, 315-322 (2001).</li><li>David, D. J., Renard, C. E., Jolliet, P., Hascoet, M., Bourin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antidepressant-like+effects+in+various+mice+strains+in+the+forced+swimming+test.">Antidepressant-like effects in various mice strains in the forced swimming test.</a> Psychopharmacology (Berl). 166, 373-382 (2003).</li><li>Bai, F., Li, X., Clay, M., Lindstrom, T., Skolnick, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intra-+and+interstrain+differences+in+models+of+"behavioral+despair".">Intra- and interstrain differences in models of "behavioral despair".</a> Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 70, 187-192 (2001).</li><li>Guzzetti, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strain+differences+in+paroxetine-induced+reduction+of+immobility+time+in+the+forced+swimming+test+in+mice:+Role+of+serotonin.">Strain differences in paroxetine-induced reduction of immobility time in the forced swimming test in mice: Role of serotonin.</a> European Journal of Pharmacology. 594, 117-124 (2008).</li><li>Cervo, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genotype-dependent+activity+of+tryptophan+hydroxylase-2+determines+the+response+to+citalopram+in+a+mouse+model+of+depression.">Genotype-dependent activity of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 determines the response to citalopram in a mouse model of depression.</a> J. Neurosci. 25, 8165-8172 (2005).</li><li>Jiao, J., Nitzke, A., Doukas, D., Seiglie, M., Dulawa, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antidepressant+response+to+chronic+citalopram+treatment+in+eight+inbred+mouse+strains.">Antidepressant response to chronic citalopram treatment in eight inbred mouse strains.</a> Psychopharmacology. 213, 509-520 (2011).</li><li>Porsolt, R. D., Pichon, M. L. e., Jalfre, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Depression:+a+new+animal+model+sensitive+to+antidepressant+treatments.">Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments.</a> Nature. 266, 730-732 (1977).</li><li>Porsolt, R. D., Bertin, A., Jalfre, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+despair+in+mice:+a+primary+screening+test+for+antidepressants.">Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants.</a> Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 229, 327-336 (1977).</li><li>Porsolt, R. D., Bertin, A., Jalfre, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term="Behavioural+despair"+in+rats+and+mice:+strain+differences+and+the+effects+of+imipramine.">"Behavioural despair" in rats and mice: strain differences and the effects of imipramine.</a> Eur. J. Pharmacol. 51, 291-294 (1978).</li><li>Mineur, Y. S., Belzung, C., Crusio, W. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+unpredictable+chronic+mild+stress+on+anxiety+and+depression-like+behavior+in+mice.">Effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress on anxiety and depression-like behavior in mice.</a> Behav. Brain. Res. 175, 43-50 (2006).</li><li>Millstein, R. A., Holmes, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+repeated+maternal+separation+on+anxiety-+and+depression-related+phenotypes+in+different+mouse+strains.">Effects of repeated maternal separation on anxiety- and depression-related phenotypes in different mouse strains.</a> Neuroscience &#38; Biobehavioral Reviews. 31, 3-17 (2007).</li><li>Cryan, J. F., Valentino, R. J., Lucki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+substrates+underlying+the+behavioral+effects+of+antidepressants+using+the+modified+rat+forced+swimming+test.">Assessing substrates underlying the behavioral effects of antidepressants using the modified rat forced swimming test.</a> Neuroscience &#38; Biobehavioral Reviews. 29, 547-569 (2005).</li><li>Crowley, J. J., Jones, O. '. L. e. a. r. y., F, O., Lucki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+tests+for+measuring+the+effects+of+antidepressants+in+mice.">Automated tests for measuring the effects of antidepressants in mice.</a> Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 78, 269-274 (2004).</li><li>Kurtuncu, M., Luka, L. J., Dimitrijevic, N., Uz, T., Manev, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reliability+assessment+of+an+automated+forced+swim+test+device+using+two+mouse+strains.">Reliability assessment of an automated forced swim test device using two mouse strains.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 149, 26-30 (2005).</li><li>Hayashi, E., Shimamura, M., Kuratani, K., Kinoshita, M., Hara, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+experimental+system+capturing+three+behavioral+components+during+murine+forced+swim+test.">Automated experimental system capturing three behavioral components during murine forced swim test.</a> Life Sciences. 88, 411-417 (2011).</li><li>Cryan, J., Page, M., Lucki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+behavioral+effects+of+the+antidepressants+reboxetine,+fluoxetine,+and+moclobemide+in+a+modified+forced+swim+test+following+chronic+treatment.">Differential behavioral effects of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluoxetine, and moclobemide in a modified forced swim test following chronic treatment.</a> Psychopharmacology. 182, 335-344 (2005).</li><li>Gould, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beta-catenin+overexpression+in+the+mouse+brain+phenocopies+lithium-sensitive+behaviors.">Beta-catenin overexpression in the mouse brain phenocopies lithium-sensitive behaviors.</a> Neuropsychopharmacology. 32, 2173-2183 (2007).</li><li>Can, A., Grahame, N. J., Gould, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Affect-related+related+behaviors+in+mice+selectively+bred+for+high+and+low+voluntary+alcohol+consumption.">Affect-related related behaviors in mice selectively bred for high and low voluntary alcohol consumption.</a> Behav. Genet. , (2011).</li><li>McKinney, W. T., Bunney, W. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+Model+of+Depression:+I+Review+of+Evidence:+Implications+for+Research..">Animal Model of Depression: I Review of Evidence: Implications for Research..</a> Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 21, 240-248 (1969).</li><li>Willner, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+validity+of+animal+models+of+depression.">The validity of animal models of depression.</a> Psychopharmacology.(Berl). 83, 1-16 (1984).</li><li>Detke, M. J., Lucki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+serotonergic+and+noradrenergic+antidepressants+in+the+rat+forced+swimming+test:+the+effects+of+water+depth.">Detection of serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants in the rat forced swimming test: the effects of water depth.</a> Behav. Brain Res. 73, 43-46 (1995).</li><li>Gould, T. D., Dao, D. T., Kovacsics, C. E., Gould, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> In Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in mice: characterization using behavioral tests. 42, (2009).</li><li>Bourin, M., Fiocco, A. J., Clenet, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+valuable+are+animal+models+in+defining+antidepressant+activity.">How valuable are animal models in defining antidepressant activity.</a> Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. 16, 9-21 (2001).</li></ol>

Der FST (manchmal auch als Porsolt Swim Test) wurde erstmals für Ratten entwickelt und dann für Mäuse durch Porsolt und Kollegen 12,13 modifiziert. Zusätzlich zu den oben beschriebenen Protokoll erfolgreich in unserem Labor haben eine Reihe von weitgehend subtilen Test Modifikationen veröffentlicht worden (siehe HASCOET und Bourin für eine vollständige Überprüfung 1). Es ist ein verbreiteter Test zur Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit von Antidepressiva und die Auswirkungen verschiedener Verhalte...

<ul><li> Wassertanks </li><li> Thermometer </li><li> Timer </li><li> Videokamera </li><li> White Noise Generator (optional) </li><li> Trocknendes Papier </li></ul>

the mouse forced swim test

Der Forced Swim Test ist ein Nagetier Verhaltenstest für die Auswertung von Antidepressiva, antidepressive Wirksamkeit von neuen Verbindungen und experimentelle Manipulationen, die beim Rendern oder verhindert depressive wie Staaten gerichtet werden. Mäuse sind in eine unausweichliche transparenten Behälter, die mit Wasser gefüllt ist und ihre Flucht im Zusammenhang Mobilitätsverhalten wird gemessen platziert. Der Forced Swim Test ist unkompliziert, zuverlässig durchzuführen, und es erfordert nur minimale Ausrüstung zur Verfügung. Erfolgreiche Umsetzung des Forced Swim Test erfordert die Einhaltung bestimmter Einzelheiten des Verfahrens und die Minimierung der ungerechtfertigten Belastung der Mäuse. In dem Protokoll Beschreibung und den beigefügten Video erläutern wir, wie Sie die Maus-Version dieses Tests mit dem Schwerpunkt auf potenzielle Fallstricke, die sich nachteilig auf die Interpretation der Ergebnisse und wie sie vermieden werden können befragen. Darüber hinaus erklären wir, wie das Verhalten in den Test manifestiert bewertet werden.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Mouse Forced Swim Test at JoVE.com

The Mouse Forced Swim Test

Der Forced Swim Test wird als ein experimenteller Ansatz, um mögliche antidepressive Wirksamkeit in Nagetieren zu beurteilen validiert. Versuchstiere werden in einen Behälter mit Wasser und die Flucht-bezogene Mobilitätsverhalten gelegt wird quantifiziert. Das gemeinsame Verfahren für die Maus-Version dieses Tests sind beschrieben.

Die Maus Forced Swim-Test

The forced swim test is a rodent behavioral test used for evaluation of antidepressant drugs, antidepressant efficacy of new compounds, and experimental ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake-Test für motorische Intelligenz

In the Turing test, a computer model is deemed to "think intelligently" if it can generate answers that are not distinguishable from those of a human.  ...

Forschung

Neurowissenschaften

Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Multiple-Maus Neuroanatomische Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The field of mouse phenotyping with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is rapidly growing, motivated by the need for improved tools for characterizing and ...

Detection of Neuritic Plaques in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model

Nachweis von neuritischen Plaques bei Alzheimer-Maus-Modell

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia. Neuritic plaque formation is one of the pathological hallmarks ...

T-maze Forced Alternation and Left-right Discrimination Tasks for Assessing Working and Reference Memory in Mice

T-Labyrinth Erzwungener Wechsel und die Links-Rechts-Discrimination Aufgaben für die Beurteilung der Arbeitsbedingungen und Referenz-Gedächtnis bei Mäusen

Forced alternation and left-right discrimination tasks using the T-maze have been widely used to assess working and reference memory, respectively, in ...

Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Sensory Nerve Fibers Innervating Skin and Limb Bones

Tissue Vorbereitung und Immunfärbung von Maus sensorischen Nervenfasern innervieren Haut und Limb Bones

Detection and primary processing of physical, chemical and thermal sensory stimuli by peripheral sensory nerve fibers is key to sensory perception in ...

The Tail Suspension Test

The Tail Suspension Test-

The tail-suspension test is a mouse behavioral test useful in the screening of potential antidepressant drugs, and assessing of other manipulations that ...

Stereotaxic Infusion of Oligomeric Amyloid-beta into the Mouse Hippocampus

Stereotaktische Infusion von oligomeren Amyloid-beta in die Maus-Hippocampus

Alzheimer&#8217;s disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the aging population. A key neuropathological feature of the disease is the ...

The Fibular Nerve Injury Method: A Reliable Assay to Identify and Test Factors That Repair Neuromuscular Junctions

Die Fibula Nervenverletzung Methode: Ein zuverlässiger Test zur Identifizierung und Test Faktoren, die Reparatur neuromuskulären Synapsen

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) undergoes deleterious structural and functional changes as a result of aging, injury and disease. Thus, it is imperative ...

Automated Analysis of C. elegans Swim Behavior Using CeleST Software

Automated Analysis of C. elegans Swim Behavior Using CeleST Software

Automatische Analyse von<em&gt; C. elegans</em&gt; Swim Verhalten mit CELEST Software

Dissecting the neuronal and neuromuscular circuits that regulate behavior remains a major challenge in biology. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has ...

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb

Diffuse Reflexion Spektroskopie: Immer des Rekapillarisierungszeit Tests unter der Fuchtel

The capillary refill test was introduced in 1947 to help estimate circulatory status in critically ill patients. Guidelines commonly state that refill ...