Name: the tail suspension test
Uploaded: 2012-01-28T21:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Tail Suspension Test at JoVE.com

这项研究已被授予NIHM MH091816 R01和R21的MH084043到TDG支持。

1。材料 1。暂停盒尾部悬吊试验（TST）涉及暂停小鼠，它们的尾巴地面以上。在最基本的层面上，这个过程只需要吊杆货架窗台，和磁带。然而，实验者应考虑使用一个背景下，提供最佳的对比度。此外，它是审慎采取措施，以防止小鼠观察正在测试的其他动物。在我们的实验室，我们使用专门制造的尾吊箱（四小时日，巴尔的摩MD），由塑料制成的尺寸（6...

<ol>
	<li>Mayorga, A. J., Lucki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Limitations+on+the+use+of+the+C57BL/6+mouse+in+the+tail+suspension+test.">Limitations on the use of the C57BL/6 mouse in the tail suspension test.</a> Psychopharmacology (Berl). 155, 110-112 (2001).</li><li>Dao, D. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mood+Disorder+Susceptibility+Gene+CACNA1C+Modifies+Mood-Related+Behaviors+in+Mice+and+Interacts+with+Sex+to+Influence+Behavior+in+Mice+and+Diagnosis+in+Humans.">Mood Disorder Susceptibility Gene CACNA1C Modifies Mood-Related Behaviors in Mice and Interacts with Sex to Influence Behavior in Mice and Diagnosis in Humans.</a> Biological Psychiatry. 68, 801-810 (2010).</li><li>Can, A. 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Behav. 70, 187-192 (2001).</li><li>Cervo, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genotype-dependent+activity+of+tryptophan+hydroxylase-2+determines+the+response+to+citalopram+in+a+mouse+model+of+depression.">Genotype-dependent activity of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 determines the response to citalopram in a mouse model of depression.</a> J. Neurosci. 25, 8165-8172 (2005).</li><li>David, D. J., Renard, C. E., Jolliet, P., Hascoet, M., Bourin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antidepressant-like+effects+in+various+mice+strains+in+the+forced+swimming+test.">Antidepressant-like effects in various mice strains in the forced swimming test.</a> Psychopharmacology (Berl). 166, 373-382 (2003).</li><li>Dulawa, S. C., Holick, K. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensitivity+to+the+effects+of+pharmacologically+selective+antidepressants+in+different+strains+of+mice.">Sensitivity to the effects of pharmacologically selective antidepressants in different strains of mice.</a> Psychopharmacology (Berl). 155, 315-322 (2001).</li><li>Steru, L., Chermat, R., Thierry, B., Simon, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tail+suspension+test:+a+new+method+for+screening+antidepressants+in+mice.">The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressants in mice.</a> Psychopharmacology (Berl). 85, 367-370 (1985).</li><li>Can, A., Dao, D. T., Arad, M., Terrillion, C. E., Piantadosi, S. C., Gould, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Mouse+Forced+Swim+Test.">The Mouse Forced Swim Test.</a> J. Vis. Exp. 58, 3791-3638 (2012).</li><li>Porsolt, R. D., Bertin, A., Jalfre, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+despair+in+mice:+a+primary+screening+test+for+antidepressants.">Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants.</a> Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 229, 327-336 (1977).</li><li>Porsolt, R. D., Anton, G., Blavet, N., Jalfre, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioural+despair+in+rats:+a+new+model+sensitive+to+antidepressant+treatments.">Behavioural despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments.</a> Eur. J. Pharmacol. 47, 379-391 (1978).</li><li>Crowley, J. J., Blendy, J. A., Lucki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strain-dependent+antidepressant-like+effects+of+citalopram+in+the+mouse+tail+suspension+test.">Strain-dependent antidepressant-like effects of citalopram in the mouse tail suspension test.</a> Psychopharmacology (Berl). 183, 257-264 (2005).</li><li>Karolewicz, B., Paul, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Group+housing+of+mice+increases+immobility+and+antidepressant+sensitivity+in+the+forced+swim+and+tail+suspension+tests.">Group housing of mice increases immobility and antidepressant sensitivity in the forced swim and tail suspension tests.</a> European Journal of Pharmacology. 415, 197-201 (2001).</li><li>Lad, H. V., Liu, L., Paya-Cano, J. L., Fernandes, C., Schalkwyk, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+traits+for+the+tail+suspension+test:+automation,+optimization,+and+BXD+RI+mapping.">Quantitative traits for the tail suspension test: automation, optimization, and BXD RI mapping.</a> Mammalian. Genome. 18, 482-491 (2007).</li><li>Liu, X., Gershenfeld, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+differences+in+the+tail-suspension+test+and+its+relationship+to+imipramine+response+among+11+inbred+strains+of+mice.">Genetic differences in the tail-suspension test and its relationship to imipramine response among 11 inbred strains of mice.</a> Biol. Psychiatry. 49, 575-581 (2001).</li><li>Ripoll, N., David, D. J., Dailly, E., Hascoet, M., Bourin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antidepressant-like+effects+in+various+mice+strains+in+the+tail+suspension+test..">Antidepressant-like effects in various mice strains in the tail suspension test..</a> Behav. Brain. Res.. 143, 193-200 (2003).</li><li>Mineur, Y. S., Belzung, C., Crusio, W. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+unpredictable+chronic+mild+stress+on+anxiety+and+depression-like+behavior+in+mice.">Effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress on anxiety and depression-like behavior in mice.</a> Behav. Brain. Res. 175, 43-50 (2006).</li><li>Thierry, B., Stéru, L., Simon, P., Porsolt, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tail+suspension+test:+Ethical+considerations.">The tail suspension test: Ethical considerations.</a> Psychopharmacology. 90, 284-285 (1986).</li><li>Cryan, J. F., Mombereau, C., Vassout, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tail+suspension+test+as+a+model+for+assessing+antidepressant+activity:+review+of+pharmacological+and+genetic+studies+in+mice.">The tail suspension test as a model for assessing antidepressant activity: review of pharmacological and genetic studies in mice.</a> Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 29, 571-625 (2005).</li><li>O'Leary, O. F., Cryan, J. F., Gould, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice. 42, 119-137 (2009).</li><li>Detke, M. J., Johnson, J., Lucki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+and+Chronic+Antidepressant+Drug+Treatment+in+the+Rat+Forced+Swimming+Test+Model+of+Depression.">Acute and Chronic Antidepressant Drug Treatment in the Rat Forced Swimming Test Model of Depression.</a> Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 5, 107-112 (1997).</li><li>Rupniak, N. M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+depression:+challenges+from+a+drug+development+perspective.">Animal models of depression: challenges from a drug development perspective.</a> Behavioural Pharmacology. 14, 385-390 (2003).</li><li>Strekalova, T., Steinbusch, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Mood and Anxiety related phenotypes in mice: Characterization using behavioral tests. 42, 153-176 (2009).</li><li>Bartolomucci, A., Fuchs, E., Koolhaas, J. M., Ohl, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Mood and Anxiety related phenotypes in mice: Characterization using behavioral tests. 42, 261-275 (2009).</li><li>Samuels, B. A., Hen, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Mood and Anxiety related phenotypes in mice: Characterization using behavioral tests. 63, 107-121 (2011).</li><li>Juszczak, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+usage+of+video+analysis+system+for+detection+of+immobility+in+the+tail+suspension+test+in+mice.">The usage of video analysis system for detection of immobility in the tail suspension test in mice.</a> Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 85, 332-338 (2006).</li><li>Crowley, J. J., Jones, O. '. L. e. a. r. y., F, O., Lucki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+tests+for+measuring+the+effects+of+antidepressants+in+mice.">Automated tests for measuring the effects of antidepressants in mice.</a> Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 78, 269-274 (2004).</li><li>Gould, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Involvement+of+AMPA+receptors+in+the+antidepressant-like+effects+of+lithium+in+the+mouse+tail+suspension+test+and+forced+swim+test.">Involvement of AMPA receptors in the antidepressant-like effects of lithium in the mouse tail suspension test and forced swim test.</a> Neuropharmacology. 54, 577-587 (2008).</li><li>Gould, T. D., Dao, D. T., Kovacsics, C. E., Gould, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Mood and Anxiety related phenotypes in mice: Characterization using behavioral tests. 42, (2009).</li></ol>

Steru 等尖沙咀发展。影响以前开发的强迫游泳测试10-12。类似强迫游泳测试，在尖沙咀的小鼠，被放置在一个无法回避的，但适度紧张的情况。缺乏逃生相关的行为被认为是静止的。强迫游泳测试一样，尖沙咀是最好的抗抑郁药物疗效的评价的验证测试，但也可以用来评估环境，神经生物学和基因操纵13-18的影响。在强迫游泳测试，在尖沙咀有没有体温过低的危险，?...

<ul><li>磁带</li><li>定时器</li><li>摄像机</li><li>白噪声发生器（可选） </li><li> Climbstoppers（可选，取决于使用时应变） </li></ul>

the tail suspension test

尾部悬吊试验是鼠标行为潜在的抗抑郁药物的筛选有用的测试，并评估预期影响抑郁症有关的行为的其他操作。小鼠暂停它们的尾巴，用胶带，在这样的位置，无法逃避或持有到附近的表面。在测试过程中，通常是6分钟，造成逃生导向的行为进行量化。尾部悬吊的测试是一个准抗抑郁化合物的高通量筛选药物发现有价值的工具。在这里，我们描述了实施这种潜在的可能出现的问题，以及如何避免它们进一步强调测试所需的细节。我们还提供了一个尾部的攀爬行为的解决方案，如广泛使用的C57BL / 6的一个共同的问题，使这个测试在某些小鼠品系的无用。具体来说，我们通过一个小塑料鼠标尾巴，防止尾登山行为缸中止之前。最后，我们详细介绍如何手动评分，在这个测试中表现的行为。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Tail Suspension Test at JoVE.com

The Tail Suspension Test

尾部悬吊试验验证实验程序，以评估对小鼠的抗抑郁药物治疗的疗效。小鼠暂停六分钟，它们的尾巴逃生相关的行为进行评估。我们描述进行悬尾实验中使用的程序。

悬尾实验

The tail-suspension test is a mouse behavioral test useful in the screening of potential antidepressant drugs, and assessing of other manipulations that ...

Research

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Neuroscience

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence

一维类似图灵汽车情报握手测试

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闭环神经机器人实验来检验神经网络的计算性能

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Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb

漫反射光谱分析: 在拇指下进行毛细管填充试验

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An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

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Frequent Tail-tip Blood Sampling in Mice for the Assessment of Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Secretion

小鼠经常尾端采血对脉动性促黄体激素分泌的评价

In many endocrine systems, circulating factors or hormones are not released continuously, but are secreted as a discrete pulse in response to a releasing ...

A Metric Test for Assessing Spatial Working Memory in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury

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Impairments to sensory, short-term, and long-term memory are common side effects after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Due to the ethical limitations of ...