Name: primary microglia isolation from mixed glial cell cultures of neonatal rat brain tissue
Uploaded: 2012-08-15T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Microglia Isolation from Mixed Glial Cell Cultures of Neonatal Rat Brain Tissue at JoVE.com

制服サービス大学の学内プログラムによって資金を供給。

1。新生仔ラットの脳組織の解剖<ol><li>チルリーボビッツのL-15培地（レイボビッツL-15 + 0.1％BSA + 1％のペン/連鎖球菌）に4℃暖かい培地（DMEM + 10％FBS + 1％ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン）37℃氷の上でエアコンL-15メディアの4-5 mlの4 60X15ミリメートルのペトリ皿を準備します。 100％エタノールを持つすべての手術器具を滅菌する。 </li><li> 70％エタノールでP2新生児ラップ子犬をすすぎます。 ...

<ol>
	<li>Ransohoff, R. M., Perry, V. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglial+physiology:+unique+stimuli,+specialized+responses.">Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses.</a> Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 119-145 (2009).</li><li>Raivich, G., Bohatschek, M., Kloss, C. U., Werner, A., Jones, L. L., Kreutzberg, G. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuroglial+activation+repertoire+in+the+injured+brain:+graded+response,+molecular+mechanisms+and+cues+to+physiological+function.">Neuroglial activation repertoire in the injured brain: graded response, molecular mechanisms and cues to physiological function.</a> Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 30, 77-105 (1999).</li><li>Loane, D. J., Byrnes, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+microglia+in+neurotrauma.">Role of microglia in neurotrauma.</a> Neurotherapeutics. 7, 245-265 (2010).</li><li>Glass, C. K., Saijo, K., Winner, B., Marchetto, M. C., Gage, F. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+underlying+inflammation+in+neurodegeneration.">Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration.</a> Cell. 140, 918-934 (2010).</li><li>Pocock, J. M., Liddle, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglial+signalling+cascades+in+neurodegenerative+disease.">Microglial signalling cascades in neurodegenerative disease.</a> Prog. Brain Res. 132, 555-565 (2001).</li><li>Block, M. L., Hong, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+microglial+activation+and+progressive+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity.">Chronic microglial activation and progressive dopaminergic neurotoxicity.</a> Biochem. Soc. Trans. 35, 1127-1132 (2007).</li><li>Barger, S. W., Basile, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+microglia+by+secreted+amyloid+percursor+protein+evokes+release+of+glutamate+by+cystine+exchange+and+attenuates+synpatic+function.">Activation of microglia by secreted amyloid percursor protein evokes release of glutamate by cystine exchange and attenuates synpatic function.</a> J. Neurochem. 76, 846-854 (2001).</li><li>Ni, M., Aschner, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neonatal+rat+primary+microglia:+isolation,+culturing,+and+selected+applications.">Neonatal rat primary microglia: isolation, culturing, and selected applications.</a> Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. Chapter 12, Unit 12.17 (2010).</li><li>Hassan, N. F., Rifat, S., Campbell, D. E., McCawley, L. J., Douglas, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+flow+cytometric+characterization+of+newborn+mouse+brain-derived+microglia+maintained+in+vitro.">Isolation and flow cytometric characterization of newborn mouse brain-derived microglia maintained in vitro.</a> J. Leukoc. Biol. 50, 86-92 (1991).</li><li>Hassan, N. F., Prakash, K., Chehimi, J., McCawley, L. J., Douglas, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+newborn+rabbit+brain-derived+microglia.">Isolation and characterization of newborn rabbit brain-derived microglia.</a> Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 59, 426-435 (1991).</li><li>Hassan, N. F., Campbell, D. E., Rifat, S., Douglas, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+human+fetal+brain-derived+microglia+in+in+vitro+culture.">Isolation and characterization of human fetal brain-derived microglia in in vitro culture.</a> Neuroscience. 41, 149-158 (1991).</li><li>Frank, M. G., Wieseler-Frank, J. L., Watkins, L. R., Maier, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+isolation+of+highly+enriched+and+quiescent+microglia+from+adult+rat+hippocampus:+immunophenotypic+and+functional+characteristics.">Rapid isolation of highly enriched and quiescent microglia from adult rat hippocampus: immunophenotypic and functional characteristics.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 151, 121-130 (2006).</li><li>Byrnes, K. R., Stoica, B., Loane, D. J., Riccio, A., Davis, M. I., Faden, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabotropic+glutamate+receptor+5+activation+inhibits+microglial+associated+inflammation+and+neurotoxicity.">Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 activation inhibits microglial associated inflammation and neurotoxicity.</a> Glia. 57, 550-560 (2009).</li><li>Loane, D. J., Stoica, B. A., Pajoohesh-Ganji, A., Byrnes, K. R., Faden, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+metabotropic+glutamate+receptor+5+modulates+microglial+reactivity+and+neurotoxicity+by+inhibiting+NADPH+oxidase.">Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 modulates microglial reactivity and neurotoxicity by inhibiting NADPH oxidase.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 284, 15629-15639 (2009).</li></ol>

このプロトコルは定期的に研究実験のための純粋で健康的なミクログリアを製造するために利用されていますが、手順の重要な部分の間に技術的な側面を慎重に検討は、単離されたミクログリアの変動を最小限に抑えることができます。まず、タイムリーで働く新生児の仔ラットの脳組織の解剖中に組織への酸素および虚血性損傷を最小限にする必要があります。しかし、髄膜の存在がこれ?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 試薬の名前 </td><td> 会社 </td><td> カタログ番号 </td><td> コメント </td></tr><tr><td> 60ミリメートルX 15ミリメートルのペトリ皿</td><td>フィッシャーブランド</td><td> 0875713A </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>シャープ解剖はさみ</td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 14094から11 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>デュモン＃曲線7bの鉗子標準のヒント、11センチメートル</td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 11270から20 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>デュモン＃5鉗子標準のヒント、ストレート、11センチメートル</td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 11251から10 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 50 mlコニカル遠心チューブ</td><td> VWR </td><td> 89039-656 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 5ミリリットル血清ピペット</td><td>グルニエバイオOne </td><td> 606180 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 10ミリリットル血清ピペット</td><td>グルニエバイオOne </td><td> 607180 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 100μmの滅菌ナイロンセルストレーナー</td><td>ファルコン</td><td> 35から2360 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 75センチメートル2組織培養フラスコ</td><td>コー​​ニング</td><td> 430641 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ダルベッコの最小必須培地（DMEM） </td><td> GIBCO（インビトロジェン社） </td><td> 31053-028 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>リーボビッツのL-15培地</td><td> GIBCO（インビトロジェン社） </td><td> 11415064 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ウシ胎仔血清</td><td> GIBCO（インビトロジェン社） </td><td> 16000-036 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>胎児のウマ血清</td><td>フィッシャー</td><td> SH3007402 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ペニシリン - ストレプトマイシン</td><td> GIBCO（インビトロジェン社） </td><td> 15140163 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 100％エタノール</td><td>ワーナー·グラハム·カンパニー</td><td> 64-17-5 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>リン酸塩は、食塩水、10X、pH7.4を緩衝</td><td>質生物学、株式会社。 </td><td> 119-069-131 </td><td>無菌の蒸留水で1X </td></tr><tr><td>バイオハザードバッグ</td><td> VWR </td><td> 14220-028 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Haemocytometer </td><td> Hausser科学</td><td> 1492 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> cellBIND表面を有する6ウェル細胞培養プレート</td><td>コー​​ニング</td><td> 3335 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

primary microglia isolation from mixed glial cell cultures of neonatal rat brain tissue

Microglia account for approximately 12% of the total cellular population in the mammalian brain. While neurons and astrocytes are considered the major cell types of the nervous system, microglia play a significant role in normal brain physiology by monitoring tissue for debris and pathogens and maintaining homeostasis in the parenchyma via phagocytic activity 1,2. Microglia are activated during a number of injury and disease conditions, including neurodegenerative disease, traumatic brain injury, and nervous system infection 3. Under these activating conditions, microglia increase their phagocytic activity, undergo morpohological and proliferative change, and actively secrete reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, often activating a paracrine or autocrine loop 4-6. As these microglial responses contribute to disease pathogenesis in neurological conditions, research focused on microglia is warranted.
	Due to the cellular heterogeneity of the brain, it is technically difficult to obtain sufficient microglial sample material with high purity during in vivo experiments. Current research on the neuroprotective and neurotoxic functions of microglia require a routine technical method to consistently generate pure and healthy microglia with sufficient yield for study. We present, in text and video, a protocol to isolate pure primary microglia from mixed glia cultures for a variety of downstream applications. Briefly, this technique utilizes dissociated brain tissue from neonatal rat pups to produce mixed glial cell cultures. After the mixed glial cultures reach confluency, primary microglia are mechanically isolated from the culture by a brief duration of shaking. The microglia are then plated at high purity for experimental study.
	The principle and protocol of this methodology have been described in the literature 7,8. Additionally, alternate methodologies to isolate primary microglia are well described 9-12. Homogenized brain tissue may be separated by density gradient centrifugation to yield primary microglia 12. However, the centrifugation is of moderate length (45 min) and may cause cellular damage and activation, as well as, cause enriched microglia and other cellular populations. Another protocol has been utilized to isolate primary microglia in a variety of organisms by prolonged (16 hr) shaking while in culture 9-11. After shaking, the media supernatant is centrifuged to isolate microglia. This longer two-step isolation method may also perturb microglial function and activation. We chiefly utilize the following microglia isolation protocol in our laboratory for a number of reasons: (1) primary microglia simulate in vivo biology more faithfully than immortalized rodent microglia cell lines, (2) nominal mechanical disruption minimizes potential cellular dysfunction or activation, and (3) sufficient yield can be obtained without passage of the mixed glial cell cultures.
	It is important to note that this protocol uses brain tissue from neonatal rat pups to isolate microglia and that using older rats to isolate microglia can significantly impact the yield, activation status, and functional properties of isolated microglia. There is evidence that aging is linked with microglia dysfunction, increased neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathologies, so previous studies have used ex vivo adult microglia to better understand the role of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases where aging is important parameter. However, ex vivo microglia cannot be kept in culture for prolonged periods of time. Therefore, while this protocol extends the life of primary microglia in culture, it should be noted that the microglia behave differently from adult microglia and in vitro studies should be carefully considered when translated to an in vivo setting.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Microglia Isolation from Mixed Glial Cell Cultures of Neonatal Rat Brain Tissue at JoVE.com

Primary Microglia Isolation from Mixed Glial Cell Cultures of Neonatal Rat Brain Tissue

脳の細胞の不均質性からプライマリミクログリアを分離すると、生理学的および病理学的条件の両方で彼らの役割を調査することが不可欠である。このプロトコルは、機械的な分離と高収率かつ高純度を提供する混合細胞培養技術、実行可能な主なミクログリア細胞について説明します。<em&gt; in vitroで</em&gt;研究と下流のアプリケーションに最適です。

新生仔ラットの脳組織の混合グリア細胞培養物から主要なミクログリアの分離

Microglia account for approximately 12% of the  total cellular population in the mammalian brain. While neurons and astrocytes are considered  the major ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

脳浸潤白血球の分離

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine ...

A Simple and Efficient Method to Isolate Macrophages from Mixed Primary Cultures of Adult Liver Cells

成人肝細胞の混合初代培養からマクロファージを分離するためにシンプルかつ効率的な方法

Kupffer cells are liver-specific resident macrophages and play an important role in the physiological and pathological functions of the liver1-3. Although ...

Generation of Organotypic Raft Cultures from Primary Human Keratinocytes

初代ヒトケラチノサイトからカドヘリン文化の生成

The development of organotypic epithelial raft cultures has provided researchers with an efficient in vitro system that faithfully recapitulates ...

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

新生児と大人の中枢神経系から培養ミクログリア

Microglia are the resident macrophage-like cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and, as such, have critically important roles in physiological and ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

ヒト胸腺からの骨髄樹状細胞と上皮細胞の単離

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

マウス新生児から保護免疫表現と機能皮質ミクログリアの分離

Isolation of microglia from CNS tissue is a powerful investigative tool used to study microglial biology ex vivo. The present method details a procedure ...

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

神経病原の非侵襲的モデル<em&gt;エシェリヒア·コリ</em&gt;新生ラットにおける感染

Investigation of the interactions between animal host and bacterial pathogen is only meaningful if the infection model employed replicates the principal ...

Isolation and Intravenous Injection of Murine Bone Marrow Derived Monocytes

単離とマウス骨髄由来の単球の静脈注射

As a subtype of leukocytes and progenitors of macrophages, monocytes are involved in many important processes of organisms and are often the subject of ...

Isolation of Sertoli Cells and Peritubular Cells from Rat Testes

ラット精巣からのセルトリ細胞と尿細管周囲細胞の単離

The testis, and in particular the male gamete, challenges the immune system in a unique way because differentiated sperm first appear at the time of ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

虚血性マウス脳からの免疫細胞の単離およびフローサイトメトリー分析

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...