Name: extinction training during the reconsolidation window prevents recovery of fear
Uploaded: 2012-08-24T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear at JoVE.com

Vi takker D. Johnson og K. Doelling for assistance med indsamling af data. Vi takker også M.-H. Monfils, J. LeDoux, Y. Niv og M. Milad til råds om de eksperimentelle protokoller. Denne undersøgelse blev finansieret af James S. McDonnell Foundation og National Institutes of Health (NIH) tilskud R21 MH072279 (EAP), NIH tilskud R37 MH038774, P50 MH058911, RO1 MH046516 og K05 MH067048 (JEL), Postdoc stipendier NSERC, CIHR og AHFMR (M.-HM) og en Fulbright og Blavatnik priser (DS).

Oversigt Undersøgelsen beskriver vi i denne protokol er gennemført over tre på hinanden følgende dage med en mellem-subjekt design af tre forsøgsgrupper. På dag 1, gennemgår alle fag frygt conditioning, hvor de lærer at skelne mellem to køer, en, der forudsiger et chok og en anden, der ikke gør det. På dag 2 gennemgå alle fag udslettelse uddannelse, men adskiller sig med hensyn til, hvad der sker på forhånd: To grupper modtager en påmindelse cue at genaktivere frygten hukommelse,...

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Protokollen præsenterede vi her muliggør at skabe en simpel konditioneret frygt reaktion på en neutral stimulus parret med en aversiv resultat. En dag senere vi igen frygten hukommelse for at udløse sin genpakning. I denne fase har vi induceret indblanding i form af udryddelse træning. At kontrollere, at udslettelse påvirker efterpakning vi brugte to kontrolgrupper. En gruppe gennemgik udslettelse uden påmindelsen retssag udløser genpakning, og en anden gruppe oplevede påmindelsen retssag, men derefter gennemgi...

extinction training during the reconsolidation window prevents recovery of fear

Frygt er utilpasset, når det fortsætter længe efter omstændighederne er blevet sikker. Det er derfor afgørende at udvikle en tilgang, vedvarende forhindrer en tilbagevenden af ​​frygt. Pavlovsk frygt-conditioning paradigmer er almindeligt anvendt til at skabe en kontrolleret, ny frygt forening i laboratoriet. Efter parring en uskadelig stimulus (betinget stimulus, CS) med en aversiv resultat (ubetinget stimulus, USA) kan vi fremkalde en frygt reaktion (betinget reaktion, eller CR) ved at præsentere netop stimulus alene 1,2. Når frygt er opnået, kan den mindskes med udryddelse træning, hvorved den konditionerede stimulus gentagne gange præsenteres uden aversive resultatet indtil frygt ikke længere udtrykkes 3. Denne hæmmende læring skaber en ny, sikker repræsentation for CS, der konkurrerer om ekspression med den oprindelige frygt hukommelse 4. Selv om udryddelse er effektive til at hæmme angst, er det ikke permanent. Frygt kan spontantinddrive med tiden. Udsættelse for stress eller vender tilbage til som led i første indlæring kan også forårsage frygt for at dukke op igen 3,4. Vores protokol omhandler forbigående karakter af udslettelse ved at målrette efterpakning vinduet for at ændre følelsesmæssige hukommelse i en mere permanent måde. Talrige beviser tyder på, at reaktivere en konsolideret hukommelse returnerer den til en labil tilstand, hvor hukommelsen er igen følsom for interferens 5-9. Disse muligheder synes at åbne kort efter reaktivering og lukke ca 6 timer senere 5,11,16, selv om dette kan variere afhængigt af styrken og alder hukommelsen 15. Ved at tillade nye oplysninger at indarbejde den oprindelige hukommelse spor, kan denne opdateres hukommelsen, da det reconsolidates 10,11. Undersøgelser med ikke-menneskelige dyr har med succes blokeret udtryk for frygt hukommelse ved at indføre farmakologiske manipulationer i rekonsolidering vinduet imidlertid mest anvendte midler er enten toksiske for mennesker eller udviser tvivlsomme påvirkninger, når de anvendes i humane studier 12-14. Vores protokol omhandler disse udfordringer ved at tilbyde en effektiv, men ikke-invasiv, adfærdsmæssige manipulation, der er sikkert for mennesker. Ved at spørge frygt hukommelse hentning før udslettelse, hovedsagelig vi udløse efterpakning proces, så nye sikkerhedsoplysninger (dvs. ekstinktion) skal indarbejdes mens frygten hukommelse er stadig modtagelige for interferens. En nyere undersøgelse anvender denne adfærdsmæssige manipulation i rotter har med succes blokeret frygt hukommelse ved hjælp af disse tidsmæssige parametre 11. Yderligere undersøgelser på mennesker har vist, at indførelse af nye oplysninger efter hentning af tidligere konsolideret motor 16, episodisk 17, eller deklarative 18 hukommelser fører til indblanding i den oprindelige hukommelse spor 14. Vi nævnt i det følgende en hidtil ukendt protocol bruges til at blokere frygt opsving i mennesker.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear at JoVE.com

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Konditioneret frygt kan mindskes gennem en hæmmende proces kaldet udslettelse, men kan dukke op igen under betingelser såsom tiden eller udsættelse for stress. Vores protokol præsenterer en ny måde at forebygge frygt opsving ved at indføre udslettelse under efterpakning vindue (til omlagring fase af en reaktiveret hukommelse).

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