Name: glass wool filters for concentrating waterborne viruses and agricultural zoonotic pathogens
Uploaded: 2012-03-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens at JoVE.com

Vi takker William T. Eckert for fortællemæssige videoen. Udvikling af glasuld protokol var en del af Wisconsin vand og sundhed Trial for Enteriske risici (WAHTER Study), finansieret af US EPA STAR Grant R831630. Alaska prøver blev indsamlet af A. Reeves, A. Ramey, og B. Meixell med økonomisk støtte fra USGS. Enhver brug af handels-, produkt eller firma navne er beskrivende formål og indebærer ikke godkendelse af den amerikanske regering.

1. Forberedelse af Glasuld <ol><li> Før og efter at hver portion af filtre, sterilisere arbejdsområdet med 10% blegemiddel. </li><li> Tag handsker og kittel. Sterilisere en spand ved autoklavering ved 121 ° C og 15 psi i mindst 20 minutter. Placere glasuld i sterile spanden. </li><li> Mættes glasuld med omvendt osmose vand og lad trække i 15 minutter. </li><li> Tømme omvendt osmosevand fra skovlen. </li><li> Mætte glasuld med 1 M HCI og lad blød i 15 minutter. </li><li> Dræne 1 M HCI fra skovlen. </li><li> Sk...

<ol>
	<li>US Environmental Protection Agency. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+1623:+Cryptosporidium+and+Giardia+in+Water+by+Filtration/IMS/FA.">Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA.</a> EPA 815-R-05-002. , (2012).</li><li>Cashdollar, J. L., Dahling, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+a+method+to+re-use+electropositive+cartridge+filters+for+concentrating+viruses+from+tap+and+river+water.">Evaluation of a method to re-use electropositive cartridge filters for concentrating viruses from tap and river water.</a> J. Virol. Methods. 132, 13-17 (2006).</li><li>Lambertini, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concentration+of+enteroviruses,+adenoviruses,+and+noroviruses+from+drinking+water+by+use+of+glass+wool+filters.">Concentration of enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and noroviruses from drinking water by use of glass wool filters.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 2990-2996 (2008).</li><li>Spackman, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+real-time+reverse+transcription+PCR+assay+for+Type+A+influenza+virus+and+the+avian+H5+and+H7+hemagglutinin+subtypes.">Development of a real-time reverse transcription PCR assay for Type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 3256-3260 (2002).</li><li>Environment Agency. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimisation+of+a+new+method+for+detection+of+viruses+in+groundwater.">Optimisation of a new method for detection of viruses in groundwater.</a> Report No. NC/99/40. , (2000).</li><li>Vilagin&#233;s, P., Sarrette, B., Husson, G., Vilaginés, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glass+wool+for+virus+concentration+at+ambient+water+pH+level.">Glass wool for virus concentration at ambient water pH level.</a> Water Sci. Technol. 27, 299-306 (1993).</li><li>Vivier, J. C., Ehlers, M. M., Grabow, W. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+enteroviruses+in+treated+drinking+water.">Detection of enteroviruses in treated drinking water.</a> Water Res. 38, 2699-2705 (2004).</li><li>Powell, K. L., Sililo, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Enteric virus detection in groundwater using a glass wool trap. In: Groundwater: Past Achievements and Future Challenges. , 813-816 (2000).</li><li>Hunt, R. J., Borchardt, M. A., Richards, K. D., Spencer, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+sewer+source+contamination+of+drinking+water+wells+using+tracers+and+human+enteric+viruses.">Assessment of sewer source contamination of drinking water wells using tracers and human enteric viruses.</a> Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 7956-7963 (2010).</li><li>van Heerden, J., Ehlers, M. M., Heim, A., Grabow, W. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevalence,+quantification+and+typing+of+adenoviruses+detected+in+river+and+treated+drinking+water+in+South+Africa.">Prevalence, quantification and typing of adenoviruses detected in river and treated drinking water in South Africa.</a> J. Appl. Microbiol. 99, 234-242 (2005).</li><li>Vilagin&#233;s, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Round+robin+investigation+of+glass+wool+method+for+poliovirus+recovery+from+drinking+water+and+sea+water.">Round robin investigation of glass wool method for poliovirus recovery from drinking water and sea water.</a> Water Sci. Technol. 35, 445-449 (1997).</li><li>Gantzer, C., Senouci, S., Maul, A., Levi, Y., Schwartzbrod, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enterovirus+genomes+in+wastewater:+concentration+on+glass+wool+and+glass+powder+and+detection+by+RT-PCR.">Enterovirus genomes in wastewater: concentration on glass wool and glass powder and detection by RT-PCR.</a> J. Virol. Methods. 65, 265-271 (1997).</li><li>Borchardt, M. A., Jokela, W. E., Spencer, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogen+losses+in+surface+water+runoff+from+dairy+manure+applied+to+corn+fields.">Pathogen losses in surface water runoff from dairy manure applied to corn fields.</a> , (2011).</li><li>Deboosere, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+validation+of+a+concentration+method+for+the+detection+of+influenza+A+viruses+from+large+volumes+of+surface+water.">Development and validation of a concentration method for the detection of influenza A viruses from large volumes of surface water.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 3802-3808 (2011).</li><li>Lambertini, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Virus+contamination+from+operation+and+maintenance+practices+in+small+drinking+water+distribution+systems.">Virus contamination from operation and maintenance practices in small drinking water distribution systems.</a> J. Water Health. 9, 799-812 (2011).</li></ol>

Glas uld filtre er blevet brugt af flere forskerhold 3,5,6 at koncentrere de menneskelige enteriske virus fra en række af vandkilder f.eks færdig drikkevand 7, grundvand 8,9, overfladevand 10, havvand 11, spildevand 12, og landbruget afstrømning 13. Her rapporterer vi filtrene er også effektive til at koncentrere aviær influenza-virus samt bakterielle og protozoiske patogener Salmonella enterica (serovar typhimurium) og Crypto...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Navn på reagens eller emne </td><td> Firma </td><td> Katalog nummer </td></tr><tr><td> Saltsyre </td><td> <a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">Fisher Scientific</a> </td><td> A144-500 </td></tr><tr><td height="24"> Natriumhydroxid </td><td> <a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">Fisher Scientific</a> </td><td> BP359-212 </td></tr><tr><td> Phosphatbufret saltvand Natriumchlorid Kaliumphosphat-dibasisk Kaliumphosphat-monobasisk </td><td> <a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">Fisher Scientific</a> <a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">Fisher Scientific</a> <a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">Fisher Scientific</a> </td><td><html> BP358-212 BP363-500 BP362-500 </td></tr><tr><td> Natriumhypochlorit dvs husholdningsblegemiddel </td><td> <a href="http://www.clorox.com" target="_blank">Den Clorox Co</a> </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Natriumthiosulfat, vandfrit </td><td> <a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">Fisher Scientific</a> </td><td> S 475-212 </td></tr><tr><td> Kødekstrakt, tørret </td><td> <a href="http://www.bd.com" target="_blank">Becton, Dickinson and Company</a> </td><td> 211520 </td></tr><tr><td> Glycin </td><td> <a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">Fisher Scientific</a> </td><td> G46-500 </td></tr><tr><td> Olieret sodocalcic glasuld Eller R-11 unfaced glasfiber isolering </td><td> <a href="http://www.isover.com" target="_blank">Isover</a> <html> ref = &quot;http://www.jm.com&quot; target = &quot;_blank&quot;&gt; Johns Manville </td><td> Bourre 725 QN </td></tr><tr><td> Polypropylen mesh </td><td> <a href="http://www.industrialnetting.com" target="_blank">Industriel Netting</a> </td><td> xN4510 </td></tr><tr><td> 2 &quot;x4&quot; Sch 80 PVC gevindrør brystvorte </td><td> <a href="http://www.grainger.com" target="_blank">Grainger</a> </td><td> 6MW35 </td></tr><tr><td> 2 &quot;Sch 40 PVC-hætte </td><td> <a href="http://www.grainger.com" target="_blank">Grainger</a> </td><td> 5WDW3 </td></tr><tr><td> Mand adapter nylon fitting (1/2 &quot;x1 / 2&quot;) </td><td> <a href="http://www.usplastic.com" target="_blank">USA Plastic Corp</a> </td><td> 62178 </td></tr><tr><td> Prøveflasker til eluat-1 liter </td><td> <a href="http://www.fishersci.com" target="_blank">Fisher Scientific</a> </td><td> 03 til 313-4F </td></tr><tr><td> 60 ml sprøjte </td><td>&quot;Http://www.fishersci.com&quot; target = &quot;_blank&quot;&gt; Fisher Scientific </td><td> NC9661991 </td></tr><tr><td> pH strimler </td><td> <a href="http://www.whatman.com" target="_blank">Whatman</a> </td><td> 2614 991 </td></tr><tr><td> Forfilter, polypropylen, 10 inch patron, 10 um </td><td> McMaster-Carr </td><td> 4411K75 </td></tr><tr><td> Forfilter boliger </td><td> Cole-Parmer </td><td> S-29.820-10 </td></tr></tbody></table>

glass wool filters for concentrating waterborne viruses and agricultural zoonotic pathogens

Nøglen første skridt i evalueringen patogen niveauet i mistanke om forurenet vand er koncentration. Koncentration metoder har tendens til at være specifikke for et særligt patogen gruppe, for eksempel US Environmental Protection Agency Fremgangsmåde 1623 for Giardia og Cryptosporidium 1, hvilket betyder multiple fremgangsmåder er påkrævet, hvis prøveudtagningsprogrammet er målrettet mod mere end ét patogen gruppe. En anden ulempe ved de nuværende fremgangsmåder er udstyret kan være kompliceret og kostbar, for eksempel VIRADEL metoden med 1MDS patronfilter til koncentrering virus 2. I denne artikel beskriver vi, hvordan man opfører glas uld filtre til at koncentrere vandbårne patogener. Efter filter eluering er koncentrat egnet til en anden koncentration trin, såsom centrifugering, efterfulgt af påvisning af patogener og tælling af kultur eller molekylærbiologiske metoder. Filtrene har adskillige fordele. Byggeri er nemt, og filtrene kan bygges til enny størrelse til at opfylde specifikke krav til dataindsamling. Filteret dele er billig, gør det muligt at samle et stort antal af prøver uden alvorligt at påvirke en projektbudget. Store prøvevolumener (100s til 1000 s L) kan koncentreres afhængig af hastigheden af ​​tilstopning fra prøve turbiditet. Filtrene er yderst bærbar og med minimal udstyr, såsom en pumpe og flowmåler, kan de gennemføres inden for prøvetagning færdige drikkevand, overfladevand, grundvand og landbrug afstrømning. Endelig glasuld filtrering er effektiv til at koncentrere en række patogene former, så kun én metode er nødvendig. Her har vi en rapport om filter effektivitet i at koncentrere vandbårne menneskelige enterovirus, S almonella enterica, Cryptosporidium parvum, og aviær influenza-virus.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens at JoVE.com

Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens

Glasuld filtre er blevet anvendt til at koncentrere vandbårne virus ved en række forskningsgrupper hele verden. Her viser vi en enkel fremgangsmåde til at konstruere glasuld filtre og påvise filtrene er også effektive til at koncentrere vandbårne virale, bakterielle og protozoiske patogener.

Glas Uld Filtre til at koncentrere Vandbårne Virus og landbrugsskoler zoonotiske patogener

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